<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedu...<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB)is one of the top ten most common infectious diseases in the world.It is also a serious public health problem in Bangladesh,with the number of patients increasing at an alarming rate.In this paper,we a...Tuberculosis(TB)is one of the top ten most common infectious diseases in the world.It is also a serious public health problem in Bangladesh,with the number of patients increasing at an alarming rate.In this paper,we are interested in learning more about Bangladesh’s dynamics of tuberculosis,and for this purpose,we proposed and analyzed a four-compartmental model namely the SEIR model.According to the model,the disease-free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable(unstable),and the endemic equilibrium point is unstable(asymptotically stable)if the basic reproduction number is less than(greater than)unity.We analytically calculate the basic reproduction number,and based on the number,we perform the stability analysis of the model at the equilibrium points to understand the epidemic and endemic cases.In our model,the parameters play a significant role in controlling the spread of TB which are generated from TB-reported data from 2016 to 2021 in Bangladesh using the least squares method.The obtained results indicate that the basic reproduction number is greater than unity and this means that TB disease is increasing at an alarming rate every year,and the control strategies should be changed through an alternative system.Moreover,the stability analysis and the sensitivity analysis by numerical and graphical simulation of the model parameters are presented and discussed.The graphical solutions of the model equations were developed using MATLAB as well as computer simulations,and we calculated the model prediction and then compared it to the reported data.Finally,we discuss the accuracy and reliability of the model’s results.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.
文摘Tuberculosis(TB)is one of the top ten most common infectious diseases in the world.It is also a serious public health problem in Bangladesh,with the number of patients increasing at an alarming rate.In this paper,we are interested in learning more about Bangladesh’s dynamics of tuberculosis,and for this purpose,we proposed and analyzed a four-compartmental model namely the SEIR model.According to the model,the disease-free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable(unstable),and the endemic equilibrium point is unstable(asymptotically stable)if the basic reproduction number is less than(greater than)unity.We analytically calculate the basic reproduction number,and based on the number,we perform the stability analysis of the model at the equilibrium points to understand the epidemic and endemic cases.In our model,the parameters play a significant role in controlling the spread of TB which are generated from TB-reported data from 2016 to 2021 in Bangladesh using the least squares method.The obtained results indicate that the basic reproduction number is greater than unity and this means that TB disease is increasing at an alarming rate every year,and the control strategies should be changed through an alternative system.Moreover,the stability analysis and the sensitivity analysis by numerical and graphical simulation of the model parameters are presented and discussed.The graphical solutions of the model equations were developed using MATLAB as well as computer simulations,and we calculated the model prediction and then compared it to the reported data.Finally,we discuss the accuracy and reliability of the model’s results.
