Background:Breast cancer still stands to be the foremost contributor to cancer-related incidence and mortality in women globally accounting for about 14%of all female cancer-related deaths worldwide.This research seek...Background:Breast cancer still stands to be the foremost contributor to cancer-related incidence and mortality in women globally accounting for about 14%of all female cancer-related deaths worldwide.This research seeks to illustrate the mechanisms and clinical findings of natural products against breast cancer treatment.Methodology:Required data for this review article was retrieved employing several readily obtainable search databases,including Web of Science■(Thomson Reuters,USA),PubMed■(U.S.National Library of Medicine,USA),and SciVerse Scopus■(Elsevier Properties S.A.,USA),taking into consideration certain search terms like“breast cancer,”“natural products against breast cancer,”and“Clinically proven natural products in the treatment of breast cancer”and so on.Results:Several natural products,namely Omega-3 fatty acids,dietary isothiocyanates,curcumin,green tea,flaxseed,limonene,and others,were found to modulate crucial pathways in breast cancer cells.These substances suppressed angiogenesis by downregulating the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),promoted apoptosis by activating caspase enzymes,and prevented cell proliferation by controlling cyclin-dependent kinases.Clinical studies demonstrated improved outcomes in patients receiving these natural products with standard treatment procedures.Discussion:The findings underscore the multifaceted functions of natural products in breast cancer therapy,highlighting their potential to increase the efficacy of conventional treatments while reducing adverse effects.Further exploration of synergistic actions and optimal dosages is needed.Conclusion:Clinically proven natural products represent a potential avenue for breast cancer treatment with their mechanistic insights that facilitate their incorporation into treatment regimens.To maximize clinical applications,future inquiries should center on elucidating the full spectrum of these anticancer functions.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedu...<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine th...An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine the appropriate ration for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous bulls （average body weight 208.08 ± 13.98 kg） and 20 crossbred （L x l-IF） bulls （average body weight 256.26 ± 26.85 kg） of 24 months age were divided into four equal groups and fed on four diets （T0, T1, T2 and T3） up to 120 d, where To referred to the conventional diet, and T1, T2 and T3 referred as improved organic diets. Required dry matter for individual animal was supplied by roughage and concentrate sources of the ration in the ratio of 2：1. Local grass and paddy straw were supplied to group T0 and T1, Napier grass and straw to group T2, and Napier grass （Pennisetum purpureum）, straw and Ipil-ipil leaf （Leuceana leucucephala） to group Ts as roughage; whereas, the concentrate was supplied as 1.5% of live weight. The results revealed that total dry matter intake （DMI）, total DMI as percent live weight （%LW）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and average daily gain （ADG） varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） among different treatment groups. Breed also had significant （P 〈 0.01） effect on total DMI, FCR and ADG, but total DMI （%LW） was not affected by breed type. Feed cost expressed as per kg live weight gain （LWG） （BDT/kg LWG; 1USD = 78.95 BDT）, were also affected （P 〈 0.01） by feed treatments and breed type. Indigenous and crossbred bulls fed diet T3 had higher ADG （0.49 kg and 1.17 kg, respectively） and comparatively lower feed costs （156 BDT/kg LWG and 96.78 BDT/kg LWG, respectively）. But crossbred （L × HF） bulls showed the highest ADG （1.17 kg） and the lowest feed cost （96.78 BDT/kg LWG）. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of the experimental animals, it may be concluded that the crossbred （Lx HF） bulls treated with T3 diet may be used for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh.展开更多
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their o...Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.展开更多
Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic path...Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic pathways,and DNA adduct formation.Cytokines are small proteins that can accelerate or slow tumor growth by controlling associated signaling processes such as cell proliferation,metastasis,and apoptosis.This review reveals the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),and interleukins in LC.Macrophages play a role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)pathogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis.A nested case-control study revealed that elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were strongly associated with the risk of LC.Specifically,the odds ratio(OR)for IL-6 and IL-8 in former smokers(fourth quartile vs.first quartile)was 2.70(95%confidence interval[CI],1.55-4.70)and 2.83(95%CI,1.18-6.75),respectively.Because C-reactive protein levels are elevated in patients with NSCLC with larger and higher-grade tumors,CRP has been identified as a systemic indicator of chronic inflammation.Insulin-like growth factors influence cellular signal transduction pathways and contribute to tumorigenesis.Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have been explored for their role in NSCLC prognosis,highlighting their association with chromogranin.Transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily M,member 7(TRPM7),urokinase plasminogen activator,matrix metalloproteinases,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been identified with a focus on their expression patterns and prognostic significance in LC tissues.Moreover,lung angiogenesis induces vascular endothelial growth factor,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,myeloperoxidase,and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions.In conclusion,this review thoroughly summarized the inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing LC,providing the basis for further research on potential treatment approaches.展开更多
Skin cancer,a prevalent malignancy worldwide,poses significant health concerns owing to its increasing incidence.Autophagy,a natural cellular process,is a pivotal event in skin cancer and has advantageous and detrimen...Skin cancer,a prevalent malignancy worldwide,poses significant health concerns owing to its increasing incidence.Autophagy,a natural cellular process,is a pivotal event in skin cancer and has advantageous and detrimental effects.This duality has prompted extensive investigations into medical interventions targeting autophagy modulation for their substantial therapeutic potential.This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between skin cancer and autophagy and the contribution and mechanism of autophagy modulators in skin cancer.We outlined the effectiveness and safety of targeting autophagy as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin cancer.This comprehensive review identified a diverse array of autophagy modulators with promising potential for the treatment of skin cancer.Each of these compounds demonstrates efficacy through distinct physiological mechanisms that have been elucidated in detail.Interestingly,findings from a literature search indicated that none of the natural,synthetic,or semisynthetic compounds exhibited notable adverse effects in either human or animal models.Consequently,this review offers novel mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives on the targeted modulation of autophagy in skin cancer.展开更多
文摘Background:Breast cancer still stands to be the foremost contributor to cancer-related incidence and mortality in women globally accounting for about 14%of all female cancer-related deaths worldwide.This research seeks to illustrate the mechanisms and clinical findings of natural products against breast cancer treatment.Methodology:Required data for this review article was retrieved employing several readily obtainable search databases,including Web of Science■(Thomson Reuters,USA),PubMed■(U.S.National Library of Medicine,USA),and SciVerse Scopus■(Elsevier Properties S.A.,USA),taking into consideration certain search terms like“breast cancer,”“natural products against breast cancer,”and“Clinically proven natural products in the treatment of breast cancer”and so on.Results:Several natural products,namely Omega-3 fatty acids,dietary isothiocyanates,curcumin,green tea,flaxseed,limonene,and others,were found to modulate crucial pathways in breast cancer cells.These substances suppressed angiogenesis by downregulating the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),promoted apoptosis by activating caspase enzymes,and prevented cell proliferation by controlling cyclin-dependent kinases.Clinical studies demonstrated improved outcomes in patients receiving these natural products with standard treatment procedures.Discussion:The findings underscore the multifaceted functions of natural products in breast cancer therapy,highlighting their potential to increase the efficacy of conventional treatments while reducing adverse effects.Further exploration of synergistic actions and optimal dosages is needed.Conclusion:Clinically proven natural products represent a potential avenue for breast cancer treatment with their mechanistic insights that facilitate their incorporation into treatment regimens.To maximize clinical applications,future inquiries should center on elucidating the full spectrum of these anticancer functions.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Although the frequencies of getting drug naive type 2 diabetes patients among all the diabetic patients are very low, nowadays it claims more attention in the treatment procedures of drug naive diabetic patients. But in Bangladesh, we have very few research-oriented data regarding the demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of this study was to determine the demographic clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label observational real-life study which was conducted in the chambers of the investigators in several places of Bangladesh as outdoor setting during the period from August 2020 to December 2020. In total, 250 patients with drug naive type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled as the study population. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patient data collection. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version as per need. <strong>Result:</strong> Two hundred and fifty (250) participants were selected as study population. The male-female ratio of the participants was 1.4:1. The highest number of participants was from 51 - 60 years’ age group (31.20%). The highest number of participants (41%) was with overweight (BMI: 25 - 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Majority (65%) of the patients of this study suffered from diabetes for ≤5 years. The mean (±SD) SBP of the participants was 137.25 ± 17.50 mmHg and the mean (±SD) DBP of the participants was 85.16 ± 13.39 mmHg. We found the mean (±SD) fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), post prandial blood sugar (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl), uric acid (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), total bilirubin (mg/dl), direct bilirubin (mg/dl), SGOT (IU/L) and SGPT (IU/L) were 251.51 ± 112.08, 349.72 ± 128.68, 219.59 ± 68.25, 196.44 ± 94.34, 35.14 ± 11.85, 145.72 ± 64.33, 40.88 ± 18.12, 3.45 ± 1.51, 0.86 ± 0.37, 29.16 ± 9.81, 0.87 ± 0.4, 0.48 ± 0.4, 37.15 ± 10.9 and 35.83 ± 23.04 respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Obesity and hypertension demand more attention of diabetologists in diagnosis and treatment of patients or suspected patients of diabetes. Patients aged ≥ 50 years are most vulnerable and suspicious for diabetes. Besides age consequence habits of tobacco smoking, family history, smoking and HTN, alcohol intake and presence of nitrites in the urine may be considered as the most potential comorbidities for diabetic patients. Diagnosis of demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of drug naive type 2 diabetes patients may play a vital role in proper treatment.
文摘An experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and cost per gain of indigenous and crossbred （local x Holstein Friesian （L x HF）） bulls under four different improved feed treatments to determine the appropriate ration for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh. Twenty indigenous bulls （average body weight 208.08 ± 13.98 kg） and 20 crossbred （L x l-IF） bulls （average body weight 256.26 ± 26.85 kg） of 24 months age were divided into four equal groups and fed on four diets （T0, T1, T2 and T3） up to 120 d, where To referred to the conventional diet, and T1, T2 and T3 referred as improved organic diets. Required dry matter for individual animal was supplied by roughage and concentrate sources of the ration in the ratio of 2：1. Local grass and paddy straw were supplied to group T0 and T1, Napier grass and straw to group T2, and Napier grass （Pennisetum purpureum）, straw and Ipil-ipil leaf （Leuceana leucucephala） to group Ts as roughage; whereas, the concentrate was supplied as 1.5% of live weight. The results revealed that total dry matter intake （DMI）, total DMI as percent live weight （%LW）, feed conversion ratio （FCR） and average daily gain （ADG） varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） among different treatment groups. Breed also had significant （P 〈 0.01） effect on total DMI, FCR and ADG, but total DMI （%LW） was not affected by breed type. Feed cost expressed as per kg live weight gain （LWG） （BDT/kg LWG; 1USD = 78.95 BDT）, were also affected （P 〈 0.01） by feed treatments and breed type. Indigenous and crossbred bulls fed diet T3 had higher ADG （0.49 kg and 1.17 kg, respectively） and comparatively lower feed costs （156 BDT/kg LWG and 96.78 BDT/kg LWG, respectively）. But crossbred （L × HF） bulls showed the highest ADG （1.17 kg） and the lowest feed cost （96.78 BDT/kg LWG）. Therefore, considering the growth performance and cost per kg gain of the experimental animals, it may be concluded that the crossbred （Lx HF） bulls treated with T3 diet may be used for economic organic beef production in Bangladesh.
文摘Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world,and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing continuously,mostly in regions with white-skinned inhabitants.The types of skin cancer vary in their origin and clinical appearances and also differ in their extensiveness.The continents of the world have different scenarios of skin cancer prevalence.This review aims to explore the different types of skin cancer,their clinical features,and their worldwide prevalence based on the literature.Literature from different electronic databases,including Google Scholar,ResearchGate,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Elsevier,and Springer,were collected through a literature search using specific keywords such as"skin cancer","skin cancer types","melanoma","non-melanoma","skin cancer continental prevalence"or similar keywords.The search included English publications from 2000 to 2024.Melanoma skin cancer(MSC)ranks 17th in global prevalence,with the highest incidence and deaths occurring in Europe,However,Australia and New Zealand record the highest incidence and mortality rates.Asia has a lower incidence rate of melanoma,but a higher mortality rate.Superficial spreading melanoma(SSM)is the most common type of MSC.Non-melanoma skin cancers(NMSCs)have the highest incidence in North America,with the highest number of deaths occurring in Asia,Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence rates for basal cell carcinoma(BCC).BCC is the most commonly diagnosed skin cancer worldwide and the most prevalent form of NMSCs;however,squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive form of NMSCs,causing more deaths.NMSCs are the most prevalent cancers worldwide,causing most skin cancer-related deaths.The prevalence of skin cancer rising globally,with several continents experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates.The types and subtypes of skin cancer are becoming more common among clinically diagnosed cancers.This review comprehensively describes skin cancer types and their prevalence worldwide.However,the actual prevalence of skin cancer in these countries should be investigated.Further research on the prevalence of skin cancer across different continents is required to develop more effective cancer management strategies and control the spread of the disease.
文摘Lung cancer(LC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.Inflammation is a driver of cancer initiation and progression,affecting processes such as angiogenesis,antiapoptotic pathways,and DNA adduct formation.Cytokines are small proteins that can accelerate or slow tumor growth by controlling associated signaling processes such as cell proliferation,metastasis,and apoptosis.This review reveals the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),and interleukins in LC.Macrophages play a role in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)pathogenesis and are associated with poor prognosis.A nested case-control study revealed that elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were strongly associated with the risk of LC.Specifically,the odds ratio(OR)for IL-6 and IL-8 in former smokers(fourth quartile vs.first quartile)was 2.70(95%confidence interval[CI],1.55-4.70)and 2.83(95%CI,1.18-6.75),respectively.Because C-reactive protein levels are elevated in patients with NSCLC with larger and higher-grade tumors,CRP has been identified as a systemic indicator of chronic inflammation.Insulin-like growth factors influence cellular signal transduction pathways and contribute to tumorigenesis.Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors have been explored for their role in NSCLC prognosis,highlighting their association with chromogranin.Transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily M,member 7(TRPM7),urokinase plasminogen activator,matrix metalloproteinases,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been identified with a focus on their expression patterns and prognostic significance in LC tissues.Moreover,lung angiogenesis induces vascular endothelial growth factor,soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,myeloperoxidase,and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase expressions.In conclusion,this review thoroughly summarized the inflammatory cytokines and specific factors influencing LC,providing the basis for further research on potential treatment approaches.
文摘Skin cancer,a prevalent malignancy worldwide,poses significant health concerns owing to its increasing incidence.Autophagy,a natural cellular process,is a pivotal event in skin cancer and has advantageous and detrimental effects.This duality has prompted extensive investigations into medical interventions targeting autophagy modulation for their substantial therapeutic potential.This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between skin cancer and autophagy and the contribution and mechanism of autophagy modulators in skin cancer.We outlined the effectiveness and safety of targeting autophagy as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin cancer.This comprehensive review identified a diverse array of autophagy modulators with promising potential for the treatment of skin cancer.Each of these compounds demonstrates efficacy through distinct physiological mechanisms that have been elucidated in detail.Interestingly,findings from a literature search indicated that none of the natural,synthetic,or semisynthetic compounds exhibited notable adverse effects in either human or animal models.Consequently,this review offers novel mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives on the targeted modulation of autophagy in skin cancer.
