The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology has introduced new information about the structure of cells,diseases,and their associated biological factors.One of the main uses of scRNA-seq is identi...The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology has introduced new information about the structure of cells,diseases,and their associated biological factors.One of the main uses of scRNA-seq is identifying cell populations,which sometimes leads to the detection of rare cell populations.However,the new method is still in its infancy and with its advantages comes computational challenges that are just beginning to address.An important tool in the analysis is dimensionality reduction,which transforms high dimensional data into a meaningful reduced subspace.The technique allows noise removal,visualization and compression of high-dimensional data.This paper presents a new dimensionality reduction approach where,during an unsupervised multistage process,a feature set including high valuable markers is created which can facilitate the isolation of cell populations.Our proposed method,called fusion of the Spearman and Pearson affinity matrices(FSPAM),is based on a graph-based Gaussian kernel.Use of the graph theory can be effective to overcome the challenge of the nonlinear relations between cellular markers in scRNA-seq data.Furthermore,with a proper fusion of the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient criteria,it extracts a set of the most important features in a new space.In fact,the FSPAM aggregates the various aspects of cell-to-cell similarity derived from the Pearson and Spearman metrics,and reveals new aspects of cell-to-cell similarity,which can be used to extract new features.The results of the identification of cell populations via k-means++clustering method based on the features extracted from the FSPAM and different datasets of scRNA-seq suggested that the proposed method,regardless of the characteristics that govern each dataset,enjoys greater accuracy and better quality compared to previous methods.展开更多
With the recent demonstration of quantum computers,interests in the field of reversible logic synthesis and optimization have taken a different turn.As every quantum operation is inherently reversible,there is an imme...With the recent demonstration of quantum computers,interests in the field of reversible logic synthesis and optimization have taken a different turn.As every quantum operation is inherently reversible,there is an immense motivation for exploring reversible circuit design and optimization.When it comes to faults in circuits,the parity-preserving feature donates to the detection of permanent and temporary faults.In the context of reversible circuits,the parity-preserving property ensures that the input and output parities are equal.In this paper we suggest six parity-preserving reversible blocks(ZFATSL)with improved quantum cost.The reversible blocks are synthesized using an existing synthesis method that generates a netlist of multiple-control Toffoli(MCT)gates.Various optimization rules are applied at the reversible circuit level,followed by transformation into a netlist of elementary quantum gates from the NCV library.The designs of full-adder and unsigned and signed multipliers are proposed using the functional blocks that possess parity-preserving properties.The proposed designs are compared with state-of-the-art methods and found to be better in terms of cost of realization.Average savings of 25.04%,20.89%,21.17%,and 51.03%,and 18.59%,13.82%,13.82%,and 27.65% respectively,are observed for 4-bit unsigned and 5-bit signed multipliers in terms of quantum cost,garbage output,constant input,and gate count as compared to recent works.展开更多
Reversible logic has recently gained significant interest due to its inherent ability to reduce energy dissipation,which is the primary need for low-power digital circuits.One of the newest areas of relevant study is ...Reversible logic has recently gained significant interest due to its inherent ability to reduce energy dissipation,which is the primary need for low-power digital circuits.One of the newest areas of relevant study is reversible logic,which has applications in many areas,including nanotechnology,DNA computing,quantum computing,fault tolerance,and low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS).An electrical circuit is classified as reversible if it has an equal number of inputs and outputs,and a one-to-one relationship.A reversible circuit is conservative if the EXOR of the inputs and the EXOR of the outputs are equivalent.In addition,quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is one of the state-of-the-art approaches that can be used as an alternative to traditional technologies.Hence,we propose an efficient conservative gate with low power demand and high speed in this paper.First,we present a reversible gate called ANG(Ahmadpour Navimipour Gate).Then,two non-resistant QCA ANG and reversible fault-tolerant ANG structures are implemented in QCA technology.The suggested reversible gate is realized through the Miller algorithm.Subsequently,reversible fault-tolerant ANG is implemented by the 2DW clocking scheme.Furthermore,the power consumption of the suggested ANG is assessed under different energy ranges(0.5Ek,1.0Ek,and 1.5Ek).Simulations of the structures and analysis of their power consumption are performed using QCADesigner 2.0.03 and QCAPro software.The proposed gate shows great improvements compared to recent designs.展开更多
Rapid growth in information technology and computer networks has resulted in the universal use of data transmission in the digital domain. However, the major challenge faced by digital data owners is protection of dat...Rapid growth in information technology and computer networks has resulted in the universal use of data transmission in the digital domain. However, the major challenge faced by digital data owners is protection of data against unauthorized copying and distribution. Digital watermark technology is starting to be considered a credible protection method to mitigate the potential challenges that undermine the efficiency of the system. Digital audio watermarking should retain the quality of the host signal in a way that remains inaudible to the human hearing system. It should be sufficiently robust to be resistant against potential attacks, One of the major deficiencies of conventional audio watermarking techniques is the use of non-intelligent decoders in which some sets of specific rules are used for watermark extraction. This paper presents a new robust intelligent audio water- marking scheme using a synergistic combination of singular value decomposition （SVD） and support vector machine （SVM）. The methodology involves embedding a watermark data by modulating the singular values in the SVD transform domain. In the extraction process, an intelligent detector using SVM is suggested for extracting the watermark data. By learning the destructive effects of noise, the detector in question can effectively retrieve the watermark. Diverse experiments under various conditions have been carried out to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. Experimental results showed better imperceptibility, higher robustness, lower payload, and higher operational efficiency, for the proposed method than for conventional techniques.展开更多
文摘The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)technology has introduced new information about the structure of cells,diseases,and their associated biological factors.One of the main uses of scRNA-seq is identifying cell populations,which sometimes leads to the detection of rare cell populations.However,the new method is still in its infancy and with its advantages comes computational challenges that are just beginning to address.An important tool in the analysis is dimensionality reduction,which transforms high dimensional data into a meaningful reduced subspace.The technique allows noise removal,visualization and compression of high-dimensional data.This paper presents a new dimensionality reduction approach where,during an unsupervised multistage process,a feature set including high valuable markers is created which can facilitate the isolation of cell populations.Our proposed method,called fusion of the Spearman and Pearson affinity matrices(FSPAM),is based on a graph-based Gaussian kernel.Use of the graph theory can be effective to overcome the challenge of the nonlinear relations between cellular markers in scRNA-seq data.Furthermore,with a proper fusion of the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient criteria,it extracts a set of the most important features in a new space.In fact,the FSPAM aggregates the various aspects of cell-to-cell similarity derived from the Pearson and Spearman metrics,and reveals new aspects of cell-to-cell similarity,which can be used to extract new features.The results of the identification of cell populations via k-means++clustering method based on the features extracted from the FSPAM and different datasets of scRNA-seq suggested that the proposed method,regardless of the characteristics that govern each dataset,enjoys greater accuracy and better quality compared to previous methods.
文摘With the recent demonstration of quantum computers,interests in the field of reversible logic synthesis and optimization have taken a different turn.As every quantum operation is inherently reversible,there is an immense motivation for exploring reversible circuit design and optimization.When it comes to faults in circuits,the parity-preserving feature donates to the detection of permanent and temporary faults.In the context of reversible circuits,the parity-preserving property ensures that the input and output parities are equal.In this paper we suggest six parity-preserving reversible blocks(ZFATSL)with improved quantum cost.The reversible blocks are synthesized using an existing synthesis method that generates a netlist of multiple-control Toffoli(MCT)gates.Various optimization rules are applied at the reversible circuit level,followed by transformation into a netlist of elementary quantum gates from the NCV library.The designs of full-adder and unsigned and signed multipliers are proposed using the functional blocks that possess parity-preserving properties.The proposed designs are compared with state-of-the-art methods and found to be better in terms of cost of realization.Average savings of 25.04%,20.89%,21.17%,and 51.03%,and 18.59%,13.82%,13.82%,and 27.65% respectively,are observed for 4-bit unsigned and 5-bit signed multipliers in terms of quantum cost,garbage output,constant input,and gate count as compared to recent works.
文摘Reversible logic has recently gained significant interest due to its inherent ability to reduce energy dissipation,which is the primary need for low-power digital circuits.One of the newest areas of relevant study is reversible logic,which has applications in many areas,including nanotechnology,DNA computing,quantum computing,fault tolerance,and low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS).An electrical circuit is classified as reversible if it has an equal number of inputs and outputs,and a one-to-one relationship.A reversible circuit is conservative if the EXOR of the inputs and the EXOR of the outputs are equivalent.In addition,quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)is one of the state-of-the-art approaches that can be used as an alternative to traditional technologies.Hence,we propose an efficient conservative gate with low power demand and high speed in this paper.First,we present a reversible gate called ANG(Ahmadpour Navimipour Gate).Then,two non-resistant QCA ANG and reversible fault-tolerant ANG structures are implemented in QCA technology.The suggested reversible gate is realized through the Miller algorithm.Subsequently,reversible fault-tolerant ANG is implemented by the 2DW clocking scheme.Furthermore,the power consumption of the suggested ANG is assessed under different energy ranges(0.5Ek,1.0Ek,and 1.5Ek).Simulations of the structures and analysis of their power consumption are performed using QCADesigner 2.0.03 and QCAPro software.The proposed gate shows great improvements compared to recent designs.
基金Project supported by the Dezfoul Branch,Islamic Azad University,Dezfoul,Iran
文摘Rapid growth in information technology and computer networks has resulted in the universal use of data transmission in the digital domain. However, the major challenge faced by digital data owners is protection of data against unauthorized copying and distribution. Digital watermark technology is starting to be considered a credible protection method to mitigate the potential challenges that undermine the efficiency of the system. Digital audio watermarking should retain the quality of the host signal in a way that remains inaudible to the human hearing system. It should be sufficiently robust to be resistant against potential attacks, One of the major deficiencies of conventional audio watermarking techniques is the use of non-intelligent decoders in which some sets of specific rules are used for watermark extraction. This paper presents a new robust intelligent audio water- marking scheme using a synergistic combination of singular value decomposition （SVD） and support vector machine （SVM）. The methodology involves embedding a watermark data by modulating the singular values in the SVD transform domain. In the extraction process, an intelligent detector using SVM is suggested for extracting the watermark data. By learning the destructive effects of noise, the detector in question can effectively retrieve the watermark. Diverse experiments under various conditions have been carried out to verify the performance of the proposed scheme. Experimental results showed better imperceptibility, higher robustness, lower payload, and higher operational efficiency, for the proposed method than for conventional techniques.
