The complex formed by two members of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, S100A8/A9, exerts apoptosisinducing activity in various cells of different origins. Here, we present evidence that the underlying molecular...The complex formed by two members of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, S100A8/A9, exerts apoptosisinducing activity in various cells of different origins. Here, we present evidence that the underlying molecular mechanisms involve both programmed cell death I （PCD I, apoptosis） and PCD II （autophagy）-like death. Treatment of cells with S100A8/A9 caused the increase of Beclin-1 expression as well as Atgl2-Atg5 formation. S100A8/A9-induced cell death was partially inhibited by the specific PI3-kinase class Ⅲ inhibitor, 3-methyladenine （3-MA）, and by the vacuole H＋-ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin-A1 （Baf-A1）. S100A8/A9 provoked the translocation of BNIP3, a BH3 only pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member, to mitochondria. Consistent with this finding, ATM-BNIP3 overexpression partially inhibited S100A8/A9-induced cell death, decreased reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation, and partially pro- tected against the decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in S100A8/A9-treated ceils. In addition, either ATM-BNIP3 overexpression or N-acetyl-L-cysteine co-treatment decreased lysosomal activation in cells treated with S100A8/A9. Our data indicate that S100A8/A9-promoted cell death occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via ROS and the process involves BNIP3.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 l...AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the possible association between Toll-interleukin 1 receptor(TIR) domain containing adaptor protein(TIRAP;also known as MAI.) rsl893352 and rs8l77374(S180L) gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuber...Objective:To evaluate the possible association between Toll-interleukin 1 receptor(TIR) domain containing adaptor protein(TIRAP;also known as MAI.) rsl893352 and rs8l77374(S180L) gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.Methods:This case-control study was performed on 174 PTB and 177 healthy subjects.Tetra amplification refractory mutation systetn-polymerase chain reaction(T-AKMS-PCR) was used to detect the polymorphisms.Results:Our finding showed that neither the overall Ckisqaare comparison of PTB and control subjects nor the logistic regression analysis indicated any association between rsl893352 polymorphism and PTB.Regarding rs8l77374 polymorphism,the CT genotype as well as CT+TT increased the risk of PTB in comparison with CC genotype(OR=4.73,95%CI=2.65-8.45,P<0.0001 and OR=6.47,95%C1=3.68-11.38,P<0.0001.respectively).The rs8177374 T allele increased the risk of PTB in comparison with C allele(OR=4.21.95%CI=2.43-7.26,P<0.0001).Conclusions:Our finding indicates that TIRAP rs8177374 polymorphism is associated with PTB in a sample of Iranian population.展开更多
Magnesium alloys are of considerable current interest for use as degradable implants due to their unique properties including biodegrad-ability,biocompatibility,low density and adequate mechanical properties.Neverthel...Magnesium alloys are of considerable current interest for use as degradable implants due to their unique properties including biodegrad-ability,biocompatibility,low density and adequate mechanical properties.Nevertheless,there is a need to further improve these properties either by alloying or through the use of appropriate processing.Among the different biodegradable Mg alloys now in use,the Mg-Zn series are of special interest and have been the subject of many research investigations.This is primarily because Zn is an essential element for the human body in addition to its positive effects in improving the mechanical strength and lowering the degradation rate of the implant.The properties of Mg-Zn alloys may be further improved both through the addition of third and fourth alloying elements such as Ca,Ag,Sn or Sr and/or by thermo-mechanical processing where the latter is more environmentally and economically favorable.In practice,procedures based on the application of severe plastic deformation(SPD)are especially suited to produce fine-grained microstructures with improved mechanical,degradation and cell behavior.Equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP)is a popular SPD technique that has the capability of pro-ducing bulk materials that are sufficiently large for use as typical implants.Accordingly,this review is designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the research that has been undertaken on ECAP-processed biodegradable Mg-Zn alloys.展开更多
Several studies examined the impact of miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and cancer risk, but the findings are inconsistent. However, no study has been conducted to inspect the impact of miR-34b/c polymorphism on bladd...Several studies examined the impact of miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and cancer risk, but the findings are inconsistent. However, no study has been conducted to inspect the impact of miR-34b/c polymorphism on bladder cancer. This study aimed to assess possible association between rs4938723 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.This case-control study was done on 136 pathologically proven bladder cancer patients and 144 controls. Genotyping of Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism was achieved by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings did not show any statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between bladder cancer and controls. Larger sample sizes with diverse ethnicities are required to validate our findings.展开更多
A case-control study was carried out that involved 203 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB） and 203 healthy subjects. Genotyping of TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms was done using polyme...A case-control study was carried out that involved 203 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB） and 203 healthy subjects. Genotyping of TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism assay. We found that TLR1 rs5743551 variant affected the risk of PTB in the codominant （OR=3.28, 95% C1=1.98-5.45, P〈0.0001, GA vs. GG; OR=1.86, 95% C1=1.05-3.28, P=0.033, AA vs. GG） and dominant （OR=2.69, 95% C1=1.67-4.34, P〈0.0001, GA＋AA vs. GG） inheritance models tested. The A allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the G allele （OR=1.33, 95% C1=1.01-1.75, P=0.049）. The TG genotype of the rs5743618 variant significantly increased the risk of PTB compared to the risk associated with the TT genotype （0R=3.29, 95% C1=1.82-5.97, P〈0.0001）. The G allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the T allele （OR=3.00, 95% C1=1.69-5.31, P=0.0001）. Our findings revealed that TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms affected the risk of PTB in an Iranian population sample. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and involving subjects of different ethnicities are required to validate our present findings.展开更多
Objective The effect of rs4331426 polymorphism in the Chr18q11.2 locus on pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） risk was evaluated.Methods This case-control study included 208 PTB patients and 204 healthy subjects.Genotyping ...Objective The effect of rs4331426 polymorphism in the Chr18q11.2 locus on pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） risk was evaluated.Methods This case-control study included 208 PTB patients and 204 healthy subjects.Genotyping of the rs4331426 variant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results The frequencies of genotypes AA,AG,and GG polymorphisms were 83.1%,15.9%,and 1.0% in the PTB group and 84.3%,15.2%,and 0.5% in the control group,respectively.The frequency of the minor（G） allele was 8.9% in the PTB group and 8.1% in controls.Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of the rs4331426 variant showed statistically significant differences between PTB and controls.In addition,stratification by sex showed no significant association between the rs4331426 variant and PTB risk in males or females.Conclusion In conclusion,the results of this study do not support an association between the rs4331426 polymorphism and risk of PTB in an Iranian population.展开更多
An ever-growing demand for depleted natural resources is one of the significant challenges facing the global asphalt pavement industry in building and maintaining global asphalt pavements.Because plastics are ubiquito...An ever-growing demand for depleted natural resources is one of the significant challenges facing the global asphalt pavement industry in building and maintaining global asphalt pavements.Because plastics are ubiquitous in the global economy,they are the latest in a series of high-profile materials to attract attention.Their low material recovery rates and the environmental impact of current disposal methods pose a threat to plastic recycling.Recycling plastic wastes in asphalt pavement is a possible approach to reducing environmental pressure and the demand for depleted natural resources.Many studies have proposed recycling plastic waste in asphalt pavement using dry-and wet-processed technologies.This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of various recycled plastics in asphalt pavement concerning the properties of compatibility,storage stability,microstructure,thermo-rheology,and mechanical performance and to identify hallenges and recommendations for the future.This review discusses recent developments and the feasibility of using plastic wastes as modifiers or additives to asphalt binders or asphalt mixtures in dry and wet processes,focusing on different materials from waste streams,how to produce such modified materials,and the characteristics of plastic waste modified asphalt,thus contributing to the sustainable management of resources and production of useful paving materials.展开更多
文摘The complex formed by two members of the S100 calcium-binding protein family, S100A8/A9, exerts apoptosisinducing activity in various cells of different origins. Here, we present evidence that the underlying molecular mechanisms involve both programmed cell death I （PCD I, apoptosis） and PCD II （autophagy）-like death. Treatment of cells with S100A8/A9 caused the increase of Beclin-1 expression as well as Atgl2-Atg5 formation. S100A8/A9-induced cell death was partially inhibited by the specific PI3-kinase class Ⅲ inhibitor, 3-methyladenine （3-MA）, and by the vacuole H＋-ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin-A1 （Baf-A1）. S100A8/A9 provoked the translocation of BNIP3, a BH3 only pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member, to mitochondria. Consistent with this finding, ATM-BNIP3 overexpression partially inhibited S100A8/A9-induced cell death, decreased reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation, and partially pro- tected against the decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in S100A8/A9-treated ceils. In addition, either ATM-BNIP3 overexpression or N-acetyl-L-cysteine co-treatment decreased lysosomal activation in cells treated with S100A8/A9. Our data indicate that S100A8/A9-promoted cell death occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via ROS and the process involves BNIP3.
基金Supported by University of Manitoba Start-up funds and an award from the Manitoba Medical Service Foundation to Ghavami SUniversity of Manitoba Start-up Funds to Alizadeh J
文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the possible association between Toll-interleukin 1 receptor(TIR) domain containing adaptor protein(TIRAP;also known as MAI.) rsl893352 and rs8l77374(S180L) gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.Methods:This case-control study was performed on 174 PTB and 177 healthy subjects.Tetra amplification refractory mutation systetn-polymerase chain reaction(T-AKMS-PCR) was used to detect the polymorphisms.Results:Our finding showed that neither the overall Ckisqaare comparison of PTB and control subjects nor the logistic regression analysis indicated any association between rsl893352 polymorphism and PTB.Regarding rs8l77374 polymorphism,the CT genotype as well as CT+TT increased the risk of PTB in comparison with CC genotype(OR=4.73,95%CI=2.65-8.45,P<0.0001 and OR=6.47,95%C1=3.68-11.38,P<0.0001.respectively).The rs8177374 T allele increased the risk of PTB in comparison with C allele(OR=4.21.95%CI=2.43-7.26,P<0.0001).Conclusions:Our finding indicates that TIRAP rs8177374 polymorphism is associated with PTB in a sample of Iranian population.
基金supported by the European Research Council under Grant Agreement No.267464-SPDMETALS(TGL).
文摘Magnesium alloys are of considerable current interest for use as degradable implants due to their unique properties including biodegrad-ability,biocompatibility,low density and adequate mechanical properties.Nevertheless,there is a need to further improve these properties either by alloying or through the use of appropriate processing.Among the different biodegradable Mg alloys now in use,the Mg-Zn series are of special interest and have been the subject of many research investigations.This is primarily because Zn is an essential element for the human body in addition to its positive effects in improving the mechanical strength and lowering the degradation rate of the implant.The properties of Mg-Zn alloys may be further improved both through the addition of third and fourth alloying elements such as Ca,Ag,Sn or Sr and/or by thermo-mechanical processing where the latter is more environmentally and economically favorable.In practice,procedures based on the application of severe plastic deformation(SPD)are especially suited to produce fine-grained microstructures with improved mechanical,degradation and cell behavior.Equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP)is a popular SPD technique that has the capability of pro-ducing bulk materials that are sufficiently large for use as typical implants.Accordingly,this review is designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the research that has been undertaken on ECAP-processed biodegradable Mg-Zn alloys.
基金funded by a research grant (#8067) from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
文摘Several studies examined the impact of miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and cancer risk, but the findings are inconsistent. However, no study has been conducted to inspect the impact of miR-34b/c polymorphism on bladder cancer. This study aimed to assess possible association between rs4938723 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.This case-control study was done on 136 pathologically proven bladder cancer patients and 144 controls. Genotyping of Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism was achieved by using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings did not show any statistically significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between bladder cancer and controls. Larger sample sizes with diverse ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
基金funded by a dissertation research grant (M.D. thesis of HM #7264) from the Zahedan University of Medical sciences
文摘A case-control study was carried out that involved 203 individuals diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB） and 203 healthy subjects. Genotyping of TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism assay. We found that TLR1 rs5743551 variant affected the risk of PTB in the codominant （OR=3.28, 95% C1=1.98-5.45, P〈0.0001, GA vs. GG; OR=1.86, 95% C1=1.05-3.28, P=0.033, AA vs. GG） and dominant （OR=2.69, 95% C1=1.67-4.34, P〈0.0001, GA＋AA vs. GG） inheritance models tested. The A allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the G allele （OR=1.33, 95% C1=1.01-1.75, P=0.049）. The TG genotype of the rs5743618 variant significantly increased the risk of PTB compared to the risk associated with the TT genotype （0R=3.29, 95% C1=1.82-5.97, P〈0.0001）. The G allele was associated with a higher risk of PTB than the T allele （OR=3.00, 95% C1=1.69-5.31, P=0.0001）. Our findings revealed that TLR1 rs5743551 and rs5743618 polymorphisms affected the risk of PTB in an Iranian population sample. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and involving subjects of different ethnicities are required to validate our present findings.
基金funded by a research grant from Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
文摘Objective The effect of rs4331426 polymorphism in the Chr18q11.2 locus on pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） risk was evaluated.Methods This case-control study included 208 PTB patients and 204 healthy subjects.Genotyping of the rs4331426 variant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results The frequencies of genotypes AA,AG,and GG polymorphisms were 83.1%,15.9%,and 1.0% in the PTB group and 84.3%,15.2%,and 0.5% in the control group,respectively.The frequency of the minor（G） allele was 8.9% in the PTB group and 8.1% in controls.Neither genotype nor allele frequencies of the rs4331426 variant showed statistically significant differences between PTB and controls.In addition,stratification by sex showed no significant association between the rs4331426 variant and PTB risk in males or females.Conclusion In conclusion,the results of this study do not support an association between the rs4331426 polymorphism and risk of PTB in an Iranian population.
基金financial support from the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures(Wuhan University of Technology,SYSJJ2022-07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020kfyXJJS127)。
文摘An ever-growing demand for depleted natural resources is one of the significant challenges facing the global asphalt pavement industry in building and maintaining global asphalt pavements.Because plastics are ubiquitous in the global economy,they are the latest in a series of high-profile materials to attract attention.Their low material recovery rates and the environmental impact of current disposal methods pose a threat to plastic recycling.Recycling plastic wastes in asphalt pavement is a possible approach to reducing environmental pressure and the demand for depleted natural resources.Many studies have proposed recycling plastic waste in asphalt pavement using dry-and wet-processed technologies.This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of various recycled plastics in asphalt pavement concerning the properties of compatibility,storage stability,microstructure,thermo-rheology,and mechanical performance and to identify hallenges and recommendations for the future.This review discusses recent developments and the feasibility of using plastic wastes as modifiers or additives to asphalt binders or asphalt mixtures in dry and wet processes,focusing on different materials from waste streams,how to produce such modified materials,and the characteristics of plastic waste modified asphalt,thus contributing to the sustainable management of resources and production of useful paving materials.
