Root-knot nematodes being omnipresent in agricultural and horticultural soils are tallied among the most important economic pathogens around the world.For successful parasitism,these nematodes use various strategies t...Root-knot nematodes being omnipresent in agricultural and horticultural soils are tallied among the most important economic pathogens around the world.For successful parasitism,these nematodes use various strategies to control and manipulate the host plant’s cell machinery.These strategies include the mole-cular mimicry of some host genes by some nematode secreted effector proteins,secretion of cell wall digesting enzymes and other effector proteins that are responsible for the suppression of defence by the host plant.All these secretions which are released through the stylet,contribute to the formation of specialized feeding sites or giant cells.The effector proteins interfere with the normal physiology,cytology and biochemistry of the host plant.The present review brings novel insights by summarizing some novel effectors that have been discovered recently like MgPDI,MiMIF,MiIDL1,MiISE6,Mg16820,etc.It also discusses some novel mechanisms through which these effector proteins target different pathways of host plants and thus facilitate nematode parasitism.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death.Intestinal inflammation,a known CRC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environm...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death.Intestinal inflammation,a known CRC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,immunosuppressive cells,and secretory growth factors.The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines,chemokines,growth factors,and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes.Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment,which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells.These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties,drug resistance,invasion,and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs,promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth.A deeper understanding of the cytokineand chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC.Here,we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine-and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment,which drives immunosuppression,resistance to therapeutics,and metastasis during CRC progression.We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.展开更多
Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w,published online 12 January 2021 After online publication of the article1,the authors noticed an error in affiliation o...Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w,published online 12 January 2021 After online publication of the article1,the authors noticed an error in affiliation of co-authors Dr.Nissar A.Wani.Dr.Wani is erroneously linked to Sidra Medicine,Doha,Qatar who is actually working at the Department of Biotechnology,School of Life Sciences,Central University of Kashmir,Ganderbal,Jammu&Kashmir,India.Also,the department name"Cancer Research Department"for the first author Ajaz A.Bhat is missing.展开更多
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors.Recent clinical,genomic,and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosu...Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors.Recent clinical,genomic,and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC.Despite signifcant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions,failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths.It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment(TME)plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis,promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy,and thereby adversely affects the prognosis.A complete understanding of the TME factors,together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions,can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC.Interestingly,different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve)(human papillomavirus)HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized,targeted chemoimmunotherapy(CIT)regimen.This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve) HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes,including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),anoikis resistance,angiogenesis,immune surveillance,metastatic niche,therapeutic resistance,and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype.Furthermore,we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve) HNSCC.展开更多
文摘Root-knot nematodes being omnipresent in agricultural and horticultural soils are tallied among the most important economic pathogens around the world.For successful parasitism,these nematodes use various strategies to control and manipulate the host plant’s cell machinery.These strategies include the mole-cular mimicry of some host genes by some nematode secreted effector proteins,secretion of cell wall digesting enzymes and other effector proteins that are responsible for the suppression of defence by the host plant.All these secretions which are released through the stylet,contribute to the formation of specialized feeding sites or giant cells.The effector proteins interfere with the normal physiology,cytology and biochemistry of the host plant.The present review brings novel insights by summarizing some novel effectors that have been discovered recently like MgPDI,MiMIF,MiIDL1,MiISE6,Mg16820,etc.It also discusses some novel mechanisms through which these effector proteins target different pathways of host plants and thus facilitate nematode parasitism.
基金Ramalingaswami Fellowship,Grant/Award Number:D.O.NO.BT/HRD/35/02/2006the Department of Biotechnology,&Core Research grant,Grant/Award Number:CRG/2021/003805+1 种基金Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Govt.of India,New DelhiSidra Medicine Precision Program,Grant/Award Numbers:5081012003,5081012002。
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a predominant life-threatening cancer,with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death.Intestinal inflammation,a known CRC risk factor,nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,immunosuppressive cells,and secretory growth factors.The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines,chemokines,growth factors,and matrix-remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes.Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment,which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells.These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell-like properties,drug resistance,invasion,and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs,promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth.A deeper understanding of the cytokineand chemokine-mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC.Here,we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine-and chemokine-mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment,which drives immunosuppression,resistance to therapeutics,and metastasis during CRC progression.We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.
文摘Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00419-w,published online 12 January 2021 After online publication of the article1,the authors noticed an error in affiliation of co-authors Dr.Nissar A.Wani.Dr.Wani is erroneously linked to Sidra Medicine,Doha,Qatar who is actually working at the Department of Biotechnology,School of Life Sciences,Central University of Kashmir,Ganderbal,Jammu&Kashmir,India.Also,the department name"Cancer Research Department"for the first author Ajaz A.Bhat is missing.
基金This study was supported by Ramalingaswami Fellowship(Grant number:D.O.NO.BT/HRD/35/02/2006)from the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi to Muzafar A.MachaMohammad Haris is funded by a grant(5071012001)from Sidra Medicine Doha,QatarAjaz A.Bhat is supported by Sidra Medicine internal grant(5011041002).We thank Dr.Vineeta Tanwar(Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio,USA)for her professional assistance in editing the paper.
文摘Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is a very aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced-stage tumors.Recent clinical,genomic,and cellular studies have revealed the highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive nature of HNSCC.Despite signifcant advances in multimodal therapeutic interventions,failure to cure and recurrence are common and account for most deaths.It is becoming increasingly apparent that tumor microenvironment(TME)plays a critical role in HNSCC tumorigenesis,promotes the evolution of aggressive tumors and resistance to therapy,and thereby adversely affects the prognosis.A complete understanding of the TME factors,together with the highly complex tumor-stromal interactions,can lead to new therapeutic interventions in HNSCC.Interestingly,different molecular and immune landscapes between HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve)(human papillomavirus)HNSCC tumors offer new opportunities for developing individualized,targeted chemoimmunotherapy(CIT)regimen.This review highlights the current understanding of the complexity between HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve) HNSCC TME and various tumor-stromal cross-talk modulating processes,including epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),anoikis resistance,angiogenesis,immune surveillance,metastatic niche,therapeutic resistance,and development of an aggressive tumor phenotype.Furthermore,we summarize the recent developments and the rationale behind CIT strategies and their clinical applications in HPV^(+ve) and HPV^(-ve) HNSCC.
