Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural onc...Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural oncolytic viruses,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has shown selective tumor cell infection.Materials and methods:In this study,we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.Results:Compared with the control group,the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21,P27,and P53 genes by 38%,46%,and 81%,respectively(p<0.05).In contrast,the expression levels of CD34,integrinα5,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)genes significantly decreased by 47%,45%,42%,and 23%,respectively(p<0.05).The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h(p<0.01).Furthermore,Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV-treated group decreased by 0.61%and 1.63%after 6 h and 12 h,respectively(p<0.05).After 12 days,tumor volume in the NDV-treated groups decreased by 72%-87%compared with a 48%increase in the control group,reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group(p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients.However,several other factors need to be considered.These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘Background:Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally.Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them.Among natural oncolytic viruses,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has shown selective tumor cell infection.Materials and methods:In this study,we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.Results:Compared with the control group,the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of P21,P27,and P53 genes by 38%,46%,and 81%,respectively(p<0.05).In contrast,the expression levels of CD34,integrinα5,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)genes significantly decreased by 47%,45%,42%,and 23%,respectively(p<0.05).The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h(p<0.01).Furthermore,Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV-treated group decreased by 0.61%and 1.63%after 6 h and 12 h,respectively(p<0.05).After 12 days,tumor volume in the NDV-treated groups decreased by 72%-87%compared with a 48%increase in the control group,reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group(p<0.001).Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients.However,several other factors need to be considered.These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.
