BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplak...BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplakia commonly affects the urinary bladder but has been shown to affect any solid organ,including the native and transplanted kidney.However,isolated malakoplakia of the kidney allograft is rare.Transplant recipients with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop malakoplakia.CASE SUMMARY We report three cases of kidney allograft parenchymal malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppression that were successfully managed with good outcomes.We described the clinical characteristics of all the kidney allograft malakoplakia cases documented in the literature.A total of 55 cases of malakoplakia were reported in recipients with a history of kidney transplant.A total of 27 recipients had malakoplakia involving the allograft,and others had malakoplakia in other organs.The common presentations included allograft dysfunction,pyelonephritis,and allograft or systemic mass.Most recipients had favorable outcomes with appropriate management that included prolonged antibiotic therapy and adjustment of immunosuppression.We reviewed the published literature on all the cases of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients so far and summarized the etiology,management,and outcomes.CONCLUSION This case series provides an overview of the etiology,presentation,pathogenesis,and management of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women ...The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women would score higher in different dimensions of psychopathology. SCL-90-R was used to evaluate the differences. This instrument consists of 10 subscales which measure depression, anxiety, phobia, hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and added items of psychopathology. Independent t-test between male patients (n = 19) and female patients (n = 32) was performed. Findings indicated that women had higher scores in four subscales. Women had higher scores in anxiety (P < 0.01), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), and added items (P < 0.05). Effect size measures were calculated in order for better interpretation of statistical significance tests. Findings supported the notion that women who applied for aesthetic rhinoplasty showed higher scores of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and general psychopathological symptoms. Surgeons can utilize validated psychometric instruments in order to screen psychologically disturbed patients as these patients are more likely to show dissatisfaction after the surgery.展开更多
Aim:Self-esteem is one’s attitude towards oneself.It is one of the most important psychological aspects of rhinoplasty,a common aesthetic operation.Prior studies have indicated an improvement in patients’self-esteem...Aim:Self-esteem is one’s attitude towards oneself.It is one of the most important psychological aspects of rhinoplasty,a common aesthetic operation.Prior studies have indicated an improvement in patients’self-esteem after this operation.The aim of current study was to preoperatively compare self-esteem in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty with that of functional rhinoplasty patients.Methods:A total of 42 patients completed the validated Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale preoperatively(21 aesthetic surgery patients and 21 functional surgery patients).Those with both aesthetic and functional purposes were categorized regarding their primary objective.The t-test for independent groups was used for analysis of the data,and Cohen’s d was calculated as a measure of effect size.Results:The mean level of self-esteem in the aesthetic surgery group was significantly lower than that of the functional surgery group(P<0.05).Age,gender,socio-economic status,and educational backgrounds were analyzed and comparative analysis of each showed no significant difference between the two groups.The value of effect size measure was very high(d=1.04).Conclusion:The findings of the present study showed that aesthetic rhinoplasty patients had lower self-esteem in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease associated with gramnegative infection,predominantly by Escherichia coli.It is induced by defective phagolysosomal activity of the macrophages.Malakoplakia commonly affects the urinary bladder but has been shown to affect any solid organ,including the native and transplanted kidney.However,isolated malakoplakia of the kidney allograft is rare.Transplant recipients with compromised immune systems are more likely to develop malakoplakia.CASE SUMMARY We report three cases of kidney allograft parenchymal malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients on immunosuppression that were successfully managed with good outcomes.We described the clinical characteristics of all the kidney allograft malakoplakia cases documented in the literature.A total of 55 cases of malakoplakia were reported in recipients with a history of kidney transplant.A total of 27 recipients had malakoplakia involving the allograft,and others had malakoplakia in other organs.The common presentations included allograft dysfunction,pyelonephritis,and allograft or systemic mass.Most recipients had favorable outcomes with appropriate management that included prolonged antibiotic therapy and adjustment of immunosuppression.We reviewed the published literature on all the cases of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients so far and summarized the etiology,management,and outcomes.CONCLUSION This case series provides an overview of the etiology,presentation,pathogenesis,and management of malakoplakia in kidney transplant recipients.
文摘The aim of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates in dimensions of psychopathology. Considering the existing body of literature, it was hypothesized that women would score higher in different dimensions of psychopathology. SCL-90-R was used to evaluate the differences. This instrument consists of 10 subscales which measure depression, anxiety, phobia, hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and added items of psychopathology. Independent t-test between male patients (n = 19) and female patients (n = 32) was performed. Findings indicated that women had higher scores in four subscales. Women had higher scores in anxiety (P < 0.01), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), and added items (P < 0.05). Effect size measures were calculated in order for better interpretation of statistical significance tests. Findings supported the notion that women who applied for aesthetic rhinoplasty showed higher scores of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and general psychopathological symptoms. Surgeons can utilize validated psychometric instruments in order to screen psychologically disturbed patients as these patients are more likely to show dissatisfaction after the surgery.
文摘Aim:Self-esteem is one’s attitude towards oneself.It is one of the most important psychological aspects of rhinoplasty,a common aesthetic operation.Prior studies have indicated an improvement in patients’self-esteem after this operation.The aim of current study was to preoperatively compare self-esteem in patients seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty with that of functional rhinoplasty patients.Methods:A total of 42 patients completed the validated Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale preoperatively(21 aesthetic surgery patients and 21 functional surgery patients).Those with both aesthetic and functional purposes were categorized regarding their primary objective.The t-test for independent groups was used for analysis of the data,and Cohen’s d was calculated as a measure of effect size.Results:The mean level of self-esteem in the aesthetic surgery group was significantly lower than that of the functional surgery group(P<0.05).Age,gender,socio-economic status,and educational backgrounds were analyzed and comparative analysis of each showed no significant difference between the two groups.The value of effect size measure was very high(d=1.04).Conclusion:The findings of the present study showed that aesthetic rhinoplasty patients had lower self-esteem in comparison with functional rhinoplasty patients.
