Background: Varenicline, which is derived from the cytisine compound, is used to assess in smoking cessation. Sleep driving (SD) is often classified as a variant of somnambulism. Although, somnambulism has been report...Background: Varenicline, which is derived from the cytisine compound, is used to assess in smoking cessation. Sleep driving (SD) is often classified as a variant of somnambulism. Although, somnambulism has been reported as a side effect of varenicline, varenicline-induced sleep driving (VISD) has not been reported. Case Report: A 56-year-old man with a history of 35 pack year smoking who presented for smoking cessation counseling. Treatment with varenicline was initiated. In the following night, the patient drove to a shopping center and woke up in his car. Varenicline was discontinued. SD has not been reported in the following nights. In a repeated attempt to stop smoking, treatment with varenicline was resumed by the patient. SD reoccurred in the following night. Varenicline was discontinued indefinitely, and SD has not been reported.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse...Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.展开更多
The rapid growth in global population continues to challenge the world’s ability to provide enough food. As one of the most crucial issues for human development, food production must increase to offset hunger and pov...The rapid growth in global population continues to challenge the world’s ability to provide enough food. As one of the most crucial issues for human development, food production must increase to offset hunger and poverty as well as social unrest. To augment the yield of crops a variety of pesticides like Endosulfan, Rogor, Aldrin, Chlorpyrifos, etc. are being used liberally by the farmers. In the present investigation, Endosulfan was administered orally (daily) by gavage method to female Swiss albino mice group for 4 weeks @ 3.0 mg/kg b.w. After that, they were left for 6 months and then sacrificed and liver tissues were fixed for light microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopic study. The histopathological study of Endosulfan administered group liver showed hepatocytes with congestion in central vein with less dense cytoplasm, haemorrhaged bile duct, degenerated cytoplasm and central vein with vacuolations in sinusoidal spaces. Neoplastic changes in hepatocytes are the major finding of study. The ultrastuctural study revealed dilation in the nuclear pore complex and massive movement of cytoplasmic material from cytoplasm to the nucleus which is major finding which denotes neoplastic changes. Presence of abundant free lying polyribosomes in the cytoplasm, which denotes neoplastic changes in the cellis also one of theimportant finding observed. The present study thus deciphers that Endosulfan toxicity leads to onset of neoplasia thence carcinogenesis in liver cells in Swiss albino mice which is the novel finding in the field of toxicology.展开更多
The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn.(Ranunculaceae), commonly known as Black cumin, are predominantly used as carminative, antispasmodic, and stimulant. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect ...The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn.(Ranunculaceae), commonly known as Black cumin, are predominantly used as carminative, antispasmodic, and stimulant. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of N. sativa seed extract on the permeation of co-infused amoxicillin across the gut wall. The methanolic extract of N. sativa improved intestinal permeability of amoxicillin in in-vitro experiments in a dose-dependent manner. Two new glycosides, decanyl nigelloic acid diglucoside [n-decanyl-3-aldehydic-4-methoxy-5-hydroxy benzoate-5-β-D-glucofuranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranoside]] and nigelabdienoyl triglucoside [homo-labd-5, 9(11)-dien-16-onyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranoside], along with seven known fatty acid glycerides/esters, were isolated from the gut permeation enhancing extract. The structures of these new glycosides were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses.展开更多
A new polymeric reagent, cross-linked poly（4-vinylpyridine） supported azide ion, [P4-VP]N3, was introduced as polymeric reagents for efficient and regioselective conversion of epoxides to azidohydrins in the presenc...A new polymeric reagent, cross-linked poly（4-vinylpyridine） supported azide ion, [P4-VP]N3, was introduced as polymeric reagents for efficient and regioselective conversion of epoxides to azidohydrins in the presence of cross-linked poly（4-vinylpyridine） supported sulfuric acid, [P4-VP]H2SO4, as a solid proton source and as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of this polymeric reagent over some of those reported in the literature are easy work-up procedure and regeneration of the reagent.展开更多
Trachysperum ammi has been traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. To date, T. ammi has reported for its chemical constituents in different diseases condition. Th...Trachysperum ammi has been traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. To date, T. ammi has reported for its chemical constituents in different diseases condition. The traditional evidence convinced us to perform the antidepressant-like activity of methanolic extract of Trachysperum ammi (META). The antidepressant activity of META assessed by using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and locomotor activity test. The seed parts of META at doses level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight administered orally to examine the CNS stimulants activity test in mice behavioral models. Here, we reported that META significantly reduced immobility time in the FST after repeated administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to mice for 14 days. The intensity of immobility significantly reduced at all of the doses (p < 0.05) whereas, we were found the strongest effect observed at 200 mg/kg. The antidepressant-like effect of META caused the reduction (p < 0.05) in the immobility in TST of mice when orally administered with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively. Additionally, we were executed locomotor activity test to check the motor stimulating activity. META has employed at a dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, the results have found that 50 mg/kg produced the locomotion effects as similar to the control group. Interestingly, the locomotion, rearing, and defecation significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg of META. Our present findings suggest that the seed parts of Trachysperum ammi may possess antidepressant-like activity which may use as a supportive treatment to management of neurological disorders.展开更多
This study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic role of the ethanolic extract of Pleurotus cornucopiae on sodium arsenite induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 8 mg•kg–1 bo...This study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic role of the ethanolic extract of Pleurotus cornucopiae on sodium arsenite induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 8 mg•kg–1 body weight orally caused renal damage in rats as manifested by the significant rise in serum levels of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine level compared with control. Ethanolic extracts of P. cornucopiae (400 mg•kg–1 body weight per day) was administered orally for 30 days to sodium arsenite pre-treated rats. The results show significant decrease in the serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in comparison to the arsenic treated denotes the nephroprotective effect of P. cornucopiae against sodium arsenite induced toxicity. Furthermore, it also possesses antioxidant effect as lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels decreased in P. cornucopiae treated group in comparison to arsenic treated group. Thus, the present study reveals that P. cornucopiae possesses nephroprotective as well as antioxidant property against arsenic induced toxicity.展开更多
The steady magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and combined heat and mass transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid over an inclined stretching sheet have been investigated in the present analysis. The effects of t...The steady magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and combined heat and mass transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid over an inclined stretching sheet have been investigated in the present analysis. The effects of the flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, species concentration, local skin friction, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are computed, discussed and have been graphically represented in figures and tables for various values of different parameters. The numerical results are carried out for several values of the combined effects of magnetic parameter M, stretching parameter λ, Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, Schmidt number Sc, Soret number S0, slip parameter A and Casson parameter n on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and also the skin-friction coefficient ?f?"(0)?local Nusselt number -θ'(0)?and local Sherwood number -ψ'(0)?are discussed and presented in tabular form. The results pertaining to the present study indicate that the velocity profiles decrease as the increase of magnetic field parameter, but reverse trend arises for the effect of Casson parameter and stretching ratio parameter for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The temperature profiles increase forthe effect of magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number in case of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The concentration profile increases for the effect of Soret number while concentration profile decreases for the increasing values of Schmidt number, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. By considering the cooling plate the numerical results for the skin-friction coefficient f?"(0) , local Nusselt number?-θ'(0) and local Sherwood number ?-ψ'(0) are presented in Tables 1-3.展开更多
In the entire world, about 200 million populations are exposed to arsenic poisoning in groundwater. Arsenic is a very poisonous metalloid and has three allotropic forms. The toxic inorganic arsenic is converted and ut...In the entire world, about 200 million populations are exposed to arsenic poisoning in groundwater. Arsenic is a very poisonous metalloid and has three allotropic forms. The toxic inorganic arsenic is converted and utilized metabolically into organic form. It is primarily eliminated out from the human body through metabolic wastes like urine and is also deposited in the hair, nails and skin of the affected ones. Arsenic is known to be a carcinogen as Carcinogen category 1 in the forms of arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, arsenous acids, arsenic acid and their salts. The arsenic also affects the epidermal system, the nervous system and the vascular system of humans. In the present investigation for toxicological evaluation of arsenic Liver Function Tests & Kidney Function Tests have been considered. It is presumed that medicinal plants have significance in the present day in view of the lethal diseases like AIDS, cancer, hepatitis, nephritis sterility too for which no effective drugs are found till today in modern system of medicine. Medicinal plant based drugs generally have no side effects or the least side effect. Thus to evaluate an ameliorating effect, if any, to mitigate the arsenic toxicity in mice, for which Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) has been taken as curative measure. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was administered for 4 weeks followed by the administration of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) for 4 and 6 weeks at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Their biochemical levels like liver and kidney function tests were assayed and were found with elevated levels. But, after administration of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers), there was significant amelioration in the biochemical levels. The protective effect of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) was shown in the form of normalization of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities represented by normalization of liver and kidney functions.展开更多
Objective:To perform a simultaneous quantitative estimation of two biologically active triterpenoid compounds lupeol and a steroid compound,stigmasterol,in Abutilon indicum(A.indicum)using high-performance thin-layer ...Objective:To perform a simultaneous quantitative estimation of two biologically active triterpenoid compounds lupeol and a steroid compound,stigmasterol,in Abutilon indicum(A.indicum)using high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC).Methods:TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica-gel 60 F254(20 cmí10 cm)were used with a mobile phase of toluene-methanol-formic acid(7.0:2.7:0.3,v/v/v)and densitometric determination of these compounds was carried out at 530 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode.Results:Compact bands for lupeol and stigmasterol were obtained at R_(f)0.52±0.02 and 0.28±0.05.The limit of detection(45 and 18 ng/band),limit of quantification(135 and 54 ng/band),recovery(98.2%-99.7%and 97.2%-99.6%)and precision(≤2.18 and 1.91)were satisfactory for lupeol and stigmasterol respectively.Linearity range for lupeol and stigmasterol were 100-1000(r^(2)=0.9994)and 50-500 ng/band(r^(2)=0.9941)and the contents were estimated as(0.59±0.10)%and(0.83±0.10)%w/w respectively.The total phenolic,flavonoid,proanthocyanidin,alkaloidal and saponin contents of methanolic extract of A.indicum were also measured in this work.According to International Conference on Harmonization(ICH)guidelines,the method was validated for linearity,precision,accuracy,and recovery,limit of detection,limit of quantification,specificity,and robustness.Conclusions:The HPTLC method was found to be reproducible,accurate,and precise and could detect these two compounds at nanogram level from the A.indicum.展开更多
Background:This scientometric study investigates global trends and applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in physiotherapy,including rehabilitation,movement analysis,and telerehabilitation,between 2006 and 2024.Th...Background:This scientometric study investigates global trends and applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in physiotherapy,including rehabilitation,movement analysis,and telerehabilitation,between 2006 and 2024.The increasing applications of AI in physiotherapy may have the potential to enhance outcomes,increase operational efficiency,and bring innovative solutions.However,the rapid evolution of AI technologies and applications in physiotherapy necessitates critical examination of patterns of research and geographic differences.Methods:The articles were published and indexed in Web of Science and Scopus,and data collection was done in July 2024.A thorough search query was employed:TITLE-ABS-KEY("Artificial Intelligence"OR"AI")AND("Physiotherapy"OR"Physio"OR"PT"),which yielded 377 records.Excluding 35 duplicate records and 2 noneligible studies screened,340 studies were included.The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal arti-cles,conference articles,and review articles in the English language with a minimum of five citations.Exclusion criteria ruled out non-peer-reviewed articles,editorials,and non-physiotherapy-related studies.Findings:The analysis identifies a uniform rate of growth in research productivity with a steep rate of growth between 2019 and 2022 with advances in artificial intelligence technologies,such as machine learning,wearable technology,and robot rehabilitation.The major research institutions were mapped in North America,Europe,and Asia;however,significant geographic disparities exist.Bibliometric indicators,such as H-index,collabora-tion networks,and co-authorship analysis,were used to quantify the productivity of authors,journals,and institutions.Interpretation:AI has shown its potential to transform physiotherapy,in particular,to maximize rehabilitation and treatment outcomes.The review does note,however,that future studies should consider ethical factors,such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and explainability.The findings suggest the significance of exploring the longterm clinical impact of AI and interdisciplinary collaboration to address regional inequalities.Research needs to be carried out in underexplored areas,such as pediatric rehabilitation and AI-based decision-making systems,to ascertain even and effective AI integration into physiotherapy practice among populations.展开更多
A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme ...A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The main objectives of this study are to increase the mixing efficiency and flame holding capability of a supersonic combustor. The performance of combustor has been investigated by varying the hydrogen injection angle made with the direction of air stream considering anti-clockwise direction as positive. The injector position from left boundary, backward-facing step height and the inlet width of air stream are kept constant. The results show that upstream of injector the mixing is dominated by recirculation and in downstream the mixing is dominated by mass concentration of hydrogen. Upstream recirculation is dominant for injecting angle 600 and 900 . Incorporating the various effects, perpendicular injection shows the maximum mixing efficiency and its large upstream recirculation region has a good flame holding capability.展开更多
A numerical investigation has been performed on supersonic mixing of hydrogen with air in a Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) combustor and its flame holding capability by solving Two-Dimensional full Navier-Sto...A numerical investigation has been performed on supersonic mixing of hydrogen with air in a Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) combustor and its flame holding capability by solving Two-Dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. The main flow is air entering through a finite width of inlet and gaseous hydrogen is injected perpendicularly from the side wall. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. In this study the enhancement of mixing and good flame holding capability of a supersonic combustor have been investigated by varying the distance of injector position from left boundary keeping constant the backward-facing step height and other calculation parameters. The results show that the configuration for small distance of injector position has high mixing efficiency but the upstream recirculation can not evolved properly which is an important factor for flame holding capability. On the other hand, the configuration for very long distance has lower mixing efficiency due to lower gradient of hydrogen mass concentration on the top of injector caused by the expansion of side jet in both upstream and downstream of injector. For moderate distance of injector position, large and elongated upstream recirculation can evolve which might be activated as a good flame holder.展开更多
Background:At a global level,the COVID-19 disease outbreak has had a major impact on health services and has induced disruption in routine care of health institutions,exposing cancer patients to severe risks.To provid...Background:At a global level,the COVID-19 disease outbreak has had a major impact on health services and has induced disruption in routine care of health institutions,exposing cancer patients to severe risks.To provide unin-terrupted tumor treatment throughout a pandemic lockdown is a major obstacle.Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)and its causative virus,SARS-CoV-2,stance considerable challenges for the management of oncology patients.COVID-19 presents particularly severe respiratory and systemic infection in aging and immunosuppressed indi-viduals,including patients with cancer.Objective:In the present review,we focused on emergent evidence from cancer sufferers that have been con-taminated with COVID-19 and cancer patients who were at higher risk of severe COVID-19,and indicates that anticancer treatment may either rise COVID-19 susceptibility or have a duple therapeutic impact on cancer as well as COVID-19;moreover,how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts cancer cells.Also,to assess the global effect of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on cancer and its treatment.Methods:A literature survey was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science(WOS),Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and VIral Protein domain DataBase(VIP DB)between Dec 1,2019 and Sep 23,2021,for studies on anticancer treatments in patients with COVID-19.The characteristics of the patients,treatment types,mortality,and other additional outcomes were extracted and pooled for synthesis.Results:This disease has a huge effect on sufferers who have cancer(s).Sufferers of COVID-19 have a greater percentage of tumor diagnoses than the rest of the population.Likewise,cancer and highest proportion is lung cancer sufferers are more susceptible to COVID-19 constriction than the rest of the population.Conclusion:Sufferers who have both COVID-19 and tumor have a considerably elevated death risk than single COVID-19 positive patients overall.During the COVID-19 pandemic,there was a reduction in the screening of cancer and detection,and also deferral of routine therapies,which may contribute to an increase in cancer mortality there in future.展开更多
Transonic internal flow around an airfoil is associated with self-excited unsteady shock wave oscillation. This unsteady phenomenon generates buffet, high speed impulsive noise, non-synchronous vibration, high cycle f...Transonic internal flow around an airfoil is associated with self-excited unsteady shock wave oscillation. This unsteady phenomenon generates buffet, high speed impulsive noise, non-synchronous vibration, high cycle fatigue failure and so on. Present study investigates the effectiveness of perforated cavity to control this unsteady flow field. The cavity has been incorporated on the airfoil surface. The degree of perforation of the cavity is kept constant as 30%. However, the number of openings(perforation) at the cavity upper wall has been varied. Results showed that this passive control reduces the strength of shock wave compared to that of baseline airfoil. As a result, the intensity of shock wave/boundary layer interaction and the root mean square(RMS) of pressure oscillation around the airfoil have been reduced with the control method.展开更多
Vanadium is quantitatively retained on 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP)-ammonium tetraphenylborate with microcrystalline naphthalene or by a column method in the pH range of 2.1–4.5 from a l...Vanadium is quantitatively retained on 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP)-ammonium tetraphenylborate with microcrystalline naphthalene or by a column method in the pH range of 2.1–4.5 from a large volume of aqueous solutions of various samples. After filtration, the solid mass consisting of the vanadium complex and naphthalene was dissolved with 5 mL of dimethylformamide and the metal was determined by the third derivative spectrophotometry. Vanadium complex can alternatively be quantitatively adsorbed on ammonium tetraphenylborate-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column and determined similarly. About 0.05 μg of vanadium can be concentrated in a column from 250 mL of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 0.2 ng/mL. The interference of a large number of anions and cations has been studied and the optimized conditions developed were utilized for the determination of trace amount of vanadium in various samples.展开更多
文摘Background: Varenicline, which is derived from the cytisine compound, is used to assess in smoking cessation. Sleep driving (SD) is often classified as a variant of somnambulism. Although, somnambulism has been reported as a side effect of varenicline, varenicline-induced sleep driving (VISD) has not been reported. Case Report: A 56-year-old man with a history of 35 pack year smoking who presented for smoking cessation counseling. Treatment with varenicline was initiated. In the following night, the patient drove to a shopping center and woke up in his car. Varenicline was discontinued. SD has not been reported in the following nights. In a repeated attempt to stop smoking, treatment with varenicline was resumed by the patient. SD reoccurred in the following night. Varenicline was discontinued indefinitely, and SD has not been reported.
基金A Scholarship supported Daniyah Almarghalani from Taif University,Saudi Arabia Cultural Missionsupported by the grants from American Heart Association#17AIREA33700076/ZAS/2017the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health#R01NS112642 to ZAS.
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.
文摘The rapid growth in global population continues to challenge the world’s ability to provide enough food. As one of the most crucial issues for human development, food production must increase to offset hunger and poverty as well as social unrest. To augment the yield of crops a variety of pesticides like Endosulfan, Rogor, Aldrin, Chlorpyrifos, etc. are being used liberally by the farmers. In the present investigation, Endosulfan was administered orally (daily) by gavage method to female Swiss albino mice group for 4 weeks @ 3.0 mg/kg b.w. After that, they were left for 6 months and then sacrificed and liver tissues were fixed for light microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopic study. The histopathological study of Endosulfan administered group liver showed hepatocytes with congestion in central vein with less dense cytoplasm, haemorrhaged bile duct, degenerated cytoplasm and central vein with vacuolations in sinusoidal spaces. Neoplastic changes in hepatocytes are the major finding of study. The ultrastuctural study revealed dilation in the nuclear pore complex and massive movement of cytoplasmic material from cytoplasm to the nucleus which is major finding which denotes neoplastic changes. Presence of abundant free lying polyribosomes in the cytoplasm, which denotes neoplastic changes in the cellis also one of theimportant finding observed. The present study thus deciphers that Endosulfan toxicity leads to onset of neoplasia thence carcinogenesis in liver cells in Swiss albino mice which is the novel finding in the field of toxicology.
基金supported by the Ministry of AYUSH,India(No.NH1014D040)the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)(No.SRF/2012)
文摘The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn.(Ranunculaceae), commonly known as Black cumin, are predominantly used as carminative, antispasmodic, and stimulant. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of N. sativa seed extract on the permeation of co-infused amoxicillin across the gut wall. The methanolic extract of N. sativa improved intestinal permeability of amoxicillin in in-vitro experiments in a dose-dependent manner. Two new glycosides, decanyl nigelloic acid diglucoside [n-decanyl-3-aldehydic-4-methoxy-5-hydroxy benzoate-5-β-D-glucofuranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranoside]] and nigelabdienoyl triglucoside [homo-labd-5, 9(11)-dien-16-onyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2→1)-β-D-glucopyranoside], along with seven known fatty acid glycerides/esters, were isolated from the gut permeation enhancing extract. The structures of these new glycosides were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses.
文摘A new polymeric reagent, cross-linked poly（4-vinylpyridine） supported azide ion, [P4-VP]N3, was introduced as polymeric reagents for efficient and regioselective conversion of epoxides to azidohydrins in the presence of cross-linked poly（4-vinylpyridine） supported sulfuric acid, [P4-VP]H2SO4, as a solid proton source and as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of this polymeric reagent over some of those reported in the literature are easy work-up procedure and regeneration of the reagent.
文摘Trachysperum ammi has been traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. To date, T. ammi has reported for its chemical constituents in different diseases condition. The traditional evidence convinced us to perform the antidepressant-like activity of methanolic extract of Trachysperum ammi (META). The antidepressant activity of META assessed by using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and locomotor activity test. The seed parts of META at doses level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight administered orally to examine the CNS stimulants activity test in mice behavioral models. Here, we reported that META significantly reduced immobility time in the FST after repeated administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to mice for 14 days. The intensity of immobility significantly reduced at all of the doses (p < 0.05) whereas, we were found the strongest effect observed at 200 mg/kg. The antidepressant-like effect of META caused the reduction (p < 0.05) in the immobility in TST of mice when orally administered with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively. Additionally, we were executed locomotor activity test to check the motor stimulating activity. META has employed at a dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, the results have found that 50 mg/kg produced the locomotion effects as similar to the control group. Interestingly, the locomotion, rearing, and defecation significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg of META. Our present findings suggest that the seed parts of Trachysperum ammi may possess antidepressant-like activity which may use as a supportive treatment to management of neurological disorders.
文摘This study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic role of the ethanolic extract of Pleurotus cornucopiae on sodium arsenite induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 8 mg•kg–1 body weight orally caused renal damage in rats as manifested by the significant rise in serum levels of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine level compared with control. Ethanolic extracts of P. cornucopiae (400 mg•kg–1 body weight per day) was administered orally for 30 days to sodium arsenite pre-treated rats. The results show significant decrease in the serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in comparison to the arsenic treated denotes the nephroprotective effect of P. cornucopiae against sodium arsenite induced toxicity. Furthermore, it also possesses antioxidant effect as lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels decreased in P. cornucopiae treated group in comparison to arsenic treated group. Thus, the present study reveals that P. cornucopiae possesses nephroprotective as well as antioxidant property against arsenic induced toxicity.
文摘The steady magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and combined heat and mass transfer of a non-Newtonian fluid over an inclined stretching sheet have been investigated in the present analysis. The effects of the flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, species concentration, local skin friction, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are computed, discussed and have been graphically represented in figures and tables for various values of different parameters. The numerical results are carried out for several values of the combined effects of magnetic parameter M, stretching parameter λ, Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, Schmidt number Sc, Soret number S0, slip parameter A and Casson parameter n on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and also the skin-friction coefficient ?f?"(0)?local Nusselt number -θ'(0)?and local Sherwood number -ψ'(0)?are discussed and presented in tabular form. The results pertaining to the present study indicate that the velocity profiles decrease as the increase of magnetic field parameter, but reverse trend arises for the effect of Casson parameter and stretching ratio parameter for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The temperature profiles increase forthe effect of magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number in case of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The concentration profile increases for the effect of Soret number while concentration profile decreases for the increasing values of Schmidt number, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and Eckert number for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. By considering the cooling plate the numerical results for the skin-friction coefficient f?"(0) , local Nusselt number?-θ'(0) and local Sherwood number ?-ψ'(0) are presented in Tables 1-3.
文摘In the entire world, about 200 million populations are exposed to arsenic poisoning in groundwater. Arsenic is a very poisonous metalloid and has three allotropic forms. The toxic inorganic arsenic is converted and utilized metabolically into organic form. It is primarily eliminated out from the human body through metabolic wastes like urine and is also deposited in the hair, nails and skin of the affected ones. Arsenic is known to be a carcinogen as Carcinogen category 1 in the forms of arsenic trioxide, arsenic pentoxide, arsenous acids, arsenic acid and their salts. The arsenic also affects the epidermal system, the nervous system and the vascular system of humans. In the present investigation for toxicological evaluation of arsenic Liver Function Tests & Kidney Function Tests have been considered. It is presumed that medicinal plants have significance in the present day in view of the lethal diseases like AIDS, cancer, hepatitis, nephritis sterility too for which no effective drugs are found till today in modern system of medicine. Medicinal plant based drugs generally have no side effects or the least side effect. Thus to evaluate an ameliorating effect, if any, to mitigate the arsenic toxicity in mice, for which Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) has been taken as curative measure. Sodium arsenite at the dose of 3 mg/kg body weight was administered for 4 weeks followed by the administration of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) for 4 and 6 weeks at dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Their biochemical levels like liver and kidney function tests were assayed and were found with elevated levels. But, after administration of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers), there was significant amelioration in the biochemical levels. The protective effect of Cucumis sativus (cucumbers) was shown in the form of normalization of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities represented by normalization of liver and kidney functions.
文摘Objective:To perform a simultaneous quantitative estimation of two biologically active triterpenoid compounds lupeol and a steroid compound,stigmasterol,in Abutilon indicum(A.indicum)using high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC).Methods:TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica-gel 60 F254(20 cmí10 cm)were used with a mobile phase of toluene-methanol-formic acid(7.0:2.7:0.3,v/v/v)and densitometric determination of these compounds was carried out at 530 nm in reflectance/absorbance mode.Results:Compact bands for lupeol and stigmasterol were obtained at R_(f)0.52±0.02 and 0.28±0.05.The limit of detection(45 and 18 ng/band),limit of quantification(135 and 54 ng/band),recovery(98.2%-99.7%and 97.2%-99.6%)and precision(≤2.18 and 1.91)were satisfactory for lupeol and stigmasterol respectively.Linearity range for lupeol and stigmasterol were 100-1000(r^(2)=0.9994)and 50-500 ng/band(r^(2)=0.9941)and the contents were estimated as(0.59±0.10)%and(0.83±0.10)%w/w respectively.The total phenolic,flavonoid,proanthocyanidin,alkaloidal and saponin contents of methanolic extract of A.indicum were also measured in this work.According to International Conference on Harmonization(ICH)guidelines,the method was validated for linearity,precision,accuracy,and recovery,limit of detection,limit of quantification,specificity,and robustness.Conclusions:The HPTLC method was found to be reproducible,accurate,and precise and could detect these two compounds at nanogram level from the A.indicum.
文摘Background:This scientometric study investigates global trends and applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in physiotherapy,including rehabilitation,movement analysis,and telerehabilitation,between 2006 and 2024.The increasing applications of AI in physiotherapy may have the potential to enhance outcomes,increase operational efficiency,and bring innovative solutions.However,the rapid evolution of AI technologies and applications in physiotherapy necessitates critical examination of patterns of research and geographic differences.Methods:The articles were published and indexed in Web of Science and Scopus,and data collection was done in July 2024.A thorough search query was employed:TITLE-ABS-KEY("Artificial Intelligence"OR"AI")AND("Physiotherapy"OR"Physio"OR"PT"),which yielded 377 records.Excluding 35 duplicate records and 2 noneligible studies screened,340 studies were included.The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal arti-cles,conference articles,and review articles in the English language with a minimum of five citations.Exclusion criteria ruled out non-peer-reviewed articles,editorials,and non-physiotherapy-related studies.Findings:The analysis identifies a uniform rate of growth in research productivity with a steep rate of growth between 2019 and 2022 with advances in artificial intelligence technologies,such as machine learning,wearable technology,and robot rehabilitation.The major research institutions were mapped in North America,Europe,and Asia;however,significant geographic disparities exist.Bibliometric indicators,such as H-index,collabora-tion networks,and co-authorship analysis,were used to quantify the productivity of authors,journals,and institutions.Interpretation:AI has shown its potential to transform physiotherapy,in particular,to maximize rehabilitation and treatment outcomes.The review does note,however,that future studies should consider ethical factors,such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and explainability.The findings suggest the significance of exploring the longterm clinical impact of AI and interdisciplinary collaboration to address regional inequalities.Research needs to be carried out in underexplored areas,such as pediatric rehabilitation and AI-based decision-making systems,to ascertain even and effective AI integration into physiotherapy practice among populations.
文摘A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The main objectives of this study are to increase the mixing efficiency and flame holding capability of a supersonic combustor. The performance of combustor has been investigated by varying the hydrogen injection angle made with the direction of air stream considering anti-clockwise direction as positive. The injector position from left boundary, backward-facing step height and the inlet width of air stream are kept constant. The results show that upstream of injector the mixing is dominated by recirculation and in downstream the mixing is dominated by mass concentration of hydrogen. Upstream recirculation is dominant for injecting angle 600 and 900 . Incorporating the various effects, perpendicular injection shows the maximum mixing efficiency and its large upstream recirculation region has a good flame holding capability.
文摘A numerical investigation has been performed on supersonic mixing of hydrogen with air in a Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) combustor and its flame holding capability by solving Two-Dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. The main flow is air entering through a finite width of inlet and gaseous hydrogen is injected perpendicularly from the side wall. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. In this study the enhancement of mixing and good flame holding capability of a supersonic combustor have been investigated by varying the distance of injector position from left boundary keeping constant the backward-facing step height and other calculation parameters. The results show that the configuration for small distance of injector position has high mixing efficiency but the upstream recirculation can not evolved properly which is an important factor for flame holding capability. On the other hand, the configuration for very long distance has lower mixing efficiency due to lower gradient of hydrogen mass concentration on the top of injector caused by the expansion of side jet in both upstream and downstream of injector. For moderate distance of injector position, large and elongated upstream recirculation can evolve which might be activated as a good flame holder.
文摘Background:At a global level,the COVID-19 disease outbreak has had a major impact on health services and has induced disruption in routine care of health institutions,exposing cancer patients to severe risks.To provide unin-terrupted tumor treatment throughout a pandemic lockdown is a major obstacle.Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)and its causative virus,SARS-CoV-2,stance considerable challenges for the management of oncology patients.COVID-19 presents particularly severe respiratory and systemic infection in aging and immunosuppressed indi-viduals,including patients with cancer.Objective:In the present review,we focused on emergent evidence from cancer sufferers that have been con-taminated with COVID-19 and cancer patients who were at higher risk of severe COVID-19,and indicates that anticancer treatment may either rise COVID-19 susceptibility or have a duple therapeutic impact on cancer as well as COVID-19;moreover,how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts cancer cells.Also,to assess the global effect of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on cancer and its treatment.Methods:A literature survey was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science(WOS),Embase,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and VIral Protein domain DataBase(VIP DB)between Dec 1,2019 and Sep 23,2021,for studies on anticancer treatments in patients with COVID-19.The characteristics of the patients,treatment types,mortality,and other additional outcomes were extracted and pooled for synthesis.Results:This disease has a huge effect on sufferers who have cancer(s).Sufferers of COVID-19 have a greater percentage of tumor diagnoses than the rest of the population.Likewise,cancer and highest proportion is lung cancer sufferers are more susceptible to COVID-19 constriction than the rest of the population.Conclusion:Sufferers who have both COVID-19 and tumor have a considerably elevated death risk than single COVID-19 positive patients overall.During the COVID-19 pandemic,there was a reduction in the screening of cancer and detection,and also deferral of routine therapies,which may contribute to an increase in cancer mortality there in future.
基金carried out with the computational resource support from sub-project CP 3111 (AIF 3rd round) of Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP), UGC, MoE, GoB
文摘Transonic internal flow around an airfoil is associated with self-excited unsteady shock wave oscillation. This unsteady phenomenon generates buffet, high speed impulsive noise, non-synchronous vibration, high cycle fatigue failure and so on. Present study investigates the effectiveness of perforated cavity to control this unsteady flow field. The cavity has been incorporated on the airfoil surface. The degree of perforation of the cavity is kept constant as 30%. However, the number of openings(perforation) at the cavity upper wall has been varied. Results showed that this passive control reduces the strength of shock wave compared to that of baseline airfoil. As a result, the intensity of shock wave/boundary layer interaction and the root mean square(RMS) of pressure oscillation around the airfoil have been reduced with the control method.
基金theNationalResearchCouncilofIslamicRepublicofIran (No .NRCI1719)
文摘Vanadium is quantitatively retained on 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP)-ammonium tetraphenylborate with microcrystalline naphthalene or by a column method in the pH range of 2.1–4.5 from a large volume of aqueous solutions of various samples. After filtration, the solid mass consisting of the vanadium complex and naphthalene was dissolved with 5 mL of dimethylformamide and the metal was determined by the third derivative spectrophotometry. Vanadium complex can alternatively be quantitatively adsorbed on ammonium tetraphenylborate-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column and determined similarly. About 0.05 μg of vanadium can be concentrated in a column from 250 mL of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 0.2 ng/mL. The interference of a large number of anions and cations has been studied and the optimized conditions developed were utilized for the determination of trace amount of vanadium in various samples.
