The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1...The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1266), and 6-[5-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile(MA-1250) on carbon steel(C-steel) was investigated in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution by weight loss(WL), potentiodynamic polarization(PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM)techniques. Morphological analysis was performed on the uninhibited and inhibited C-steel using atomic force microscope(AFM) and Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-IR) methods. The effect of temperature was studied and discussed. Inspection of experimental results revealed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the incremental addition of inhibitors and with elevating the temperature of the acid media. The adsorption of furanylnicotinamidine derivatives on C-steel follows Temkin’s isotherm. PP studies indicated that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and showed that p-dimethylaminophenyl furanylnicotinamidine derivative(MA-1256) was the most efficient inhibitor among the other studied derivatives with IE reached(95%)at 21 × 10-6 mol·L-1. MA-1266 is highly soluble in aqueous solution and has non-toxicity profile with LC50 N 37 mg·L-1. Thus, MA-1266 can be a promising green corrosion inhibitor candidate with IE N 91% at 21× 10-6 mol·L-1. The experiments were coupled with computational chemical theories such as quantum chemical and molecular dynamic methods. The experimental results were in good agreement with the computational outputs.展开更多
In this study,Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corro...In this study,Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corrosion products.Open circuit potential（OCP）,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and potentiodynamic studies were used to assess the corrosion characteristics of these coatings after exposure according to the Society of Automotive Engineers（SAE）J2334 solution of varying durations.This solution simulates an industrial environment and contains chloride and carbonate ions that induce corrosion of the deposited coatings.However,the Al–Mg alloy coating maintained an OCP of approximately-0.911 V versus Ag/Ag Cl in the SAE J2334 solution even after 792 h of exposure.This indicates that it protects the steel sacrificially,whereas the Al–Zn coating provides only barrier-type protection through the deposition of corrosion products.The Al–Mg coating acts as a self-healing coating and provides protection by forming Mg_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3（Al–Mg layered double hydroxides）.Mg_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3has interlocking characteristics with a morphology of plate-like nanostructures and an ion-exchange ability that can improve the corrosion resistance properties of the coating.The presence of Zn in the corrosion products of the Al–Zn coating allows dissolution,but,at the same time,Zn_5（OH）_6（CO_3）_2and Zn_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3are formed and act to reduce the corrosion rate.展开更多
This study describes the adsorption behavior of three arylthiophene derivatives namely:2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-methoxy phenyl] thiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1217),2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-[4-chlorophenyll t...This study describes the adsorption behavior of three arylthiophene derivatives namely:2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-methoxy phenyl] thiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1217),2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-[4-chlorophenyll thiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1316) and 2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-ch lorophenyllthiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1312) at C-steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1) HCl interface using experimental and theoretical studies.Electrochemical and mass loss measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) of the arylthiophene derivatives increases with increasing concentrations and exhibited maximum efficiency 89% at 21×10^(-6) mol·L^(-1)(MA-1217) by mass loss method.The investigated arylthiophene derivatives obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.From polarization studies the arylthiophene derivatives act as mixed-type inhibitors.Surface analysis were carried out and discussed.The mode of orientation and adsorption of inhibitor molecules on C-steel surface was studied using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.Quantum chemical parameters as well as the radial distribution function indices and binding energies confirm the experimental results.展开更多
By optimal sizing of a wind/photovoltaic hybrid renewable-energy(RE)system,trimming the surplus capacity to reduce the fluctuations in the electricity supplied to the grid,and using it to produce green hydrogen throug...By optimal sizing of a wind/photovoltaic hybrid renewable-energy(RE)system,trimming the surplus capacity to reduce the fluctuations in the electricity supplied to the grid,and using it to produce green hydrogen through electrolysis,a stable output with maximum possible capacity factor(CF)is generated to maintain the electricity grid stability.Simultaneously,the trimmed energy is used in a secondary conversion path that minimizes the weighted average cost of the energy generated from the entire plant.This surplus power-to-gas conversion allows the use of green hydrogen to produce electricity,methanol,or ammonia subject to the resource availability,site characteristics,and financial feasibility.Based on robust site selection criteria,the best performance is obtained at two sites:Ras Ghareb and Minya,achieving the lowest energy cost with some variance in their performance.For the Ras Ghareb site,the optimally sized RE plant provided the grid with a quasi-steady capacity of 423 MW with a CF of 80.04%and was capable of injecting 2965.8648 GWh throughout the year with the lowest cost of 2.4355¢/kWh.A surplus of 3.9%of the total energy produced from the plant was directed to produce 1922-ton H_(2)/year,achieving the lowest cost of hydrogen production of$1.9745/kg H_(2).For the other selected site,Minya,the clipped energy is used to produce 3330.47-ton H_(2)/year with an optimized lowest cost of$3.5268/kg H_(2).The difference in hydrogen costs was attributed to the number of full operating hours of the electrolyser in both sites.The cost is mainly affected by the electricity price and the electrolyser cost.With both tending to decrease,future forecasts show hydrogen cost reductions.展开更多
This study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry.It also provides a comprehensive database o...This study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry.It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power,heat and chemical products.When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used,research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds.This approach utilizes solar energy,a clean and renewable source,and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications.Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture,the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products,which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries.The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms,pie charts,etc.The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019.Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land,Dakahlia(Lower Egypt region)produces the highest percentage of the total residue(37.17%).Qena governorate(Upper Egypt region)produces 1.14 metric tons of residues,with sugarcane accounting for 20.3%of the total.展开更多
文摘The corrosion inhibition action of three newly synthesized furanylnicotinamidine derivatives namely: 6-[5-{4(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1256), 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-yl]nicotinamidine(MA-1266), and 6-[5-{4-(dimethylamino)phenyl}furan-2-yl]nicotinonitrile(MA-1250) on carbon steel(C-steel) was investigated in 1.0 mol·L-1 HCl solution by weight loss(WL), potentiodynamic polarization(PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM)techniques. Morphological analysis was performed on the uninhibited and inhibited C-steel using atomic force microscope(AFM) and Infrared Spectroscopy(ATR-IR) methods. The effect of temperature was studied and discussed. Inspection of experimental results revealed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the incremental addition of inhibitors and with elevating the temperature of the acid media. The adsorption of furanylnicotinamidine derivatives on C-steel follows Temkin’s isotherm. PP studies indicated that the investigated compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors and showed that p-dimethylaminophenyl furanylnicotinamidine derivative(MA-1256) was the most efficient inhibitor among the other studied derivatives with IE reached(95%)at 21 × 10-6 mol·L-1. MA-1266 is highly soluble in aqueous solution and has non-toxicity profile with LC50 N 37 mg·L-1. Thus, MA-1266 can be a promising green corrosion inhibitor candidate with IE N 91% at 21× 10-6 mol·L-1. The experiments were coupled with computational chemical theories such as quantum chemical and molecular dynamic methods. The experimental results were in good agreement with the computational outputs.
基金supported by the research fund of Hanyang University (No. HY-2014-P)
文摘In this study,Al–Zn and Al–Mg coatings were deposited on steel substrates by an arc thermal spray process.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited coatings and corrosion products.Open circuit potential（OCP）,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and potentiodynamic studies were used to assess the corrosion characteristics of these coatings after exposure according to the Society of Automotive Engineers（SAE）J2334 solution of varying durations.This solution simulates an industrial environment and contains chloride and carbonate ions that induce corrosion of the deposited coatings.However,the Al–Mg alloy coating maintained an OCP of approximately-0.911 V versus Ag/Ag Cl in the SAE J2334 solution even after 792 h of exposure.This indicates that it protects the steel sacrificially,whereas the Al–Zn coating provides only barrier-type protection through the deposition of corrosion products.The Al–Mg coating acts as a self-healing coating and provides protection by forming Mg_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3（Al–Mg layered double hydroxides）.Mg_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3has interlocking characteristics with a morphology of plate-like nanostructures and an ion-exchange ability that can improve the corrosion resistance properties of the coating.The presence of Zn in the corrosion products of the Al–Zn coating allows dissolution,but,at the same time,Zn_5（OH）_6（CO_3）_2and Zn_6Al_2（OH）_（16）CO_3are formed and act to reduce the corrosion rate.
基金financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education&Scientific Research of Yemen。
文摘This study describes the adsorption behavior of three arylthiophene derivatives namely:2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-methoxy phenyl] thiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1217),2-(4-amidinophenyl)-5-[4-chlorophenyll thiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1316) and 2-(4-amidino-3-fluorophenyl)-5-[4-ch lorophenyllthiophene dihydrochloride salt(MA-1312) at C-steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1) HCl interface using experimental and theoretical studies.Electrochemical and mass loss measurements showed that the inhibition efficiency(IE) of the arylthiophene derivatives increases with increasing concentrations and exhibited maximum efficiency 89% at 21×10^(-6) mol·L^(-1)(MA-1217) by mass loss method.The investigated arylthiophene derivatives obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.From polarization studies the arylthiophene derivatives act as mixed-type inhibitors.Surface analysis were carried out and discussed.The mode of orientation and adsorption of inhibitor molecules on C-steel surface was studied using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.Quantum chemical parameters as well as the radial distribution function indices and binding energies confirm the experimental results.
文摘By optimal sizing of a wind/photovoltaic hybrid renewable-energy(RE)system,trimming the surplus capacity to reduce the fluctuations in the electricity supplied to the grid,and using it to produce green hydrogen through electrolysis,a stable output with maximum possible capacity factor(CF)is generated to maintain the electricity grid stability.Simultaneously,the trimmed energy is used in a secondary conversion path that minimizes the weighted average cost of the energy generated from the entire plant.This surplus power-to-gas conversion allows the use of green hydrogen to produce electricity,methanol,or ammonia subject to the resource availability,site characteristics,and financial feasibility.Based on robust site selection criteria,the best performance is obtained at two sites:Ras Ghareb and Minya,achieving the lowest energy cost with some variance in their performance.For the Ras Ghareb site,the optimally sized RE plant provided the grid with a quasi-steady capacity of 423 MW with a CF of 80.04%and was capable of injecting 2965.8648 GWh throughout the year with the lowest cost of 2.4355¢/kWh.A surplus of 3.9%of the total energy produced from the plant was directed to produce 1922-ton H_(2)/year,achieving the lowest cost of hydrogen production of$1.9745/kg H_(2).For the other selected site,Minya,the clipped energy is used to produce 3330.47-ton H_(2)/year with an optimized lowest cost of$3.5268/kg H_(2).The difference in hydrogen costs was attributed to the number of full operating hours of the electrolyser in both sites.The cost is mainly affected by the electricity price and the electrolyser cost.With both tending to decrease,future forecasts show hydrogen cost reductions.
基金This work was supported by the Egyptian Science&Technology development Fund(STDF)of Egypt-China International Joint research(Grant No.41554).
文摘This study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry.It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power,heat and chemical products.When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used,research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds.This approach utilizes solar energy,a clean and renewable source,and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications.Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture,the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products,which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries.The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms,pie charts,etc.The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019.Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land,Dakahlia(Lower Egypt region)produces the highest percentage of the total residue(37.17%).Qena governorate(Upper Egypt region)produces 1.14 metric tons of residues,with sugarcane accounting for 20.3%of the total.
