Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly compose...Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.展开更多
Identification of natural substances with antioxidant properties is ongoing research for addressing issues related to oxidative stress especially attributed to environmental effects.Our previous study demonstrated tha...Identification of natural substances with antioxidant properties is ongoing research for addressing issues related to oxidative stress especially attributed to environmental effects.Our previous study demonstrated that Lateolabrax japonicus peptides(LPH),rich in Glu,Gly,and hydrophobic amino acids,exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro,with though its action mechanism yet to be revealed.Therefore,to assess the in vivo antioxidative properties of LPH,we employed H_(2)O_(2) to generate oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster model.Results indicated that LPH significantly prolonged the lifespan of Drosophila subjected to oxidative stress mostly mediated via LPH’s enhancement of the antioxidant defense system and intestinal functions.Antioxidant effects were manifested by a decrease in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,elevated superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities,decreased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in intestinal epithelial cells,and the preservation of intestinal length.LPH effectively controlled the excessive proliferation and differentiation of oxidative stress-induced Drosophila intestinal stem cells.At the gene level,LPH upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related Nrf2 genes while concurrently downregulated mTOR expression level.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the addition of LPH significantly influenced the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota in H_(2)O_(2)-induced Drosophila.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the antioxidative mechanism of LPH,suggesting its potential applications in food industry and to be assessed using other in vivo oxidative stress models.展开更多
Gastric ulcer is a widespread disease caused by various etiologies.Dendrobium offi cinale flowers exert several health benefits owing to their rich flavonoid content.In this study,protective effects and possible actio...Gastric ulcer is a widespread disease caused by various etiologies.Dendrobium offi cinale flowers exert several health benefits owing to their rich flavonoid content.In this study,protective effects and possible action mechanisms of D.offi cinale flowers’flavonoid enriched extract(DOFF)were assessed against gastric ulcer.The result of sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetry showed that 52.34%of the total extractive was flavonoid,and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometer(UPLC-QTOF/MS)revealed the presence of 28 components in DOFF of which 14 belonged to flavonoids.In addition,in vivo assay revealed DOFF potential in reducing the formation of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions,with drop-in ulcer index from 64.33±8.76 to 32.00±4.47.Similar results were revealed in human gastric mucosal epithelia cells,with cells viability to increase from 27.2%to 61.6%post DOFF administration.To analyzed the protect effect of DOFF,we used Western blotting and immunofluorometric assay to revealed the expression levels of key proteins in cell pathways.The results showed that DOFF(320μg/mL)could increase the level of oxidation marker protein(HO-1),apoptosis regulatory protein(Bcl-2)and autophagy marker(LC3β)by 50.84%,43.85%,and 59.21%compared with ethanol-treated group respectively.Further analyzed of the mitochondrial activity and apoptosis pathway,we found that DOFF appeared to mitigate against ethanolinduced gastric mucosal injury via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 and PI3K/AKT autophagy signaling pathways.展开更多
Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit proces...Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit processing is also regarded as a valuable source of value-added phytochemicals.A comprehensive analysis of mandarin composition as a determinant of fruit functional properties,health benefits,and valorization into useful products is represented together with the effect of different processes such as light,wax coating,auxin addition,ozone treatment,and ethylene degreening.Such reviewing evidence is an essential precondition for improving the selling market of mandarin and highlighting its waste valorization potential and its incorporation into useful products produced by pharmaceutical industries.In this study,the phytochemical and biological reports presented to emphasize the needed priority for agricultural techniques to provide a certain mandarin product or trait.In addition,the paper summarizes the optimum conditions applied for the updated extraction techniques for phenolic acids,flavonoids,and oils at a commercial scale from mandarin peels and to enhance its global marketing.A brief representation is given towards potential mandarin patents and the valorization of its bio-waste fruits into commercial products of added value.The review can guide researchers to produce future potentially marketed functional food enriched with mandarin extracts and/or bioactives.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772042)Ramóny Cajal grant(RYC2020-030365-I)+1 种基金Xunta de Galicia for supporting the program(Excelencia-ED431F2022/01)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02015).
文摘Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2100205)Fuzhou Science&Technology Project,China(2022-Y-0022022-P-023).
文摘Identification of natural substances with antioxidant properties is ongoing research for addressing issues related to oxidative stress especially attributed to environmental effects.Our previous study demonstrated that Lateolabrax japonicus peptides(LPH),rich in Glu,Gly,and hydrophobic amino acids,exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro,with though its action mechanism yet to be revealed.Therefore,to assess the in vivo antioxidative properties of LPH,we employed H_(2)O_(2) to generate oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster model.Results indicated that LPH significantly prolonged the lifespan of Drosophila subjected to oxidative stress mostly mediated via LPH’s enhancement of the antioxidant defense system and intestinal functions.Antioxidant effects were manifested by a decrease in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,elevated superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities,decreased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in intestinal epithelial cells,and the preservation of intestinal length.LPH effectively controlled the excessive proliferation and differentiation of oxidative stress-induced Drosophila intestinal stem cells.At the gene level,LPH upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related Nrf2 genes while concurrently downregulated mTOR expression level.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the addition of LPH significantly influenced the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota in H_(2)O_(2)-induced Drosophila.These findings provide a deeper understanding of the antioxidative mechanism of LPH,suggesting its potential applications in food industry and to be assessed using other in vivo oxidative stress models.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program for Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE0109500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072149).
文摘Gastric ulcer is a widespread disease caused by various etiologies.Dendrobium offi cinale flowers exert several health benefits owing to their rich flavonoid content.In this study,protective effects and possible action mechanisms of D.offi cinale flowers’flavonoid enriched extract(DOFF)were assessed against gastric ulcer.The result of sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate colorimetry showed that 52.34%of the total extractive was flavonoid,and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometer(UPLC-QTOF/MS)revealed the presence of 28 components in DOFF of which 14 belonged to flavonoids.In addition,in vivo assay revealed DOFF potential in reducing the formation of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions,with drop-in ulcer index from 64.33±8.76 to 32.00±4.47.Similar results were revealed in human gastric mucosal epithelia cells,with cells viability to increase from 27.2%to 61.6%post DOFF administration.To analyzed the protect effect of DOFF,we used Western blotting and immunofluorometric assay to revealed the expression levels of key proteins in cell pathways.The results showed that DOFF(320μg/mL)could increase the level of oxidation marker protein(HO-1),apoptosis regulatory protein(Bcl-2)and autophagy marker(LC3β)by 50.84%,43.85%,and 59.21%compared with ethanol-treated group respectively.Further analyzed of the mitochondrial activity and apoptosis pathway,we found that DOFF appeared to mitigate against ethanolinduced gastric mucosal injury via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 and PI3K/AKT autophagy signaling pathways.
文摘Fruits are regarded as the richest dietary sources of polyphenols,carotenoids,terpenoids,and limonoids,making them highly desired prospects for the functional food industry.Citrus waste that remains after fruit processing is also regarded as a valuable source of value-added phytochemicals.A comprehensive analysis of mandarin composition as a determinant of fruit functional properties,health benefits,and valorization into useful products is represented together with the effect of different processes such as light,wax coating,auxin addition,ozone treatment,and ethylene degreening.Such reviewing evidence is an essential precondition for improving the selling market of mandarin and highlighting its waste valorization potential and its incorporation into useful products produced by pharmaceutical industries.In this study,the phytochemical and biological reports presented to emphasize the needed priority for agricultural techniques to provide a certain mandarin product or trait.In addition,the paper summarizes the optimum conditions applied for the updated extraction techniques for phenolic acids,flavonoids,and oils at a commercial scale from mandarin peels and to enhance its global marketing.A brief representation is given towards potential mandarin patents and the valorization of its bio-waste fruits into commercial products of added value.The review can guide researchers to produce future potentially marketed functional food enriched with mandarin extracts and/or bioactives.
