The amino-terminal residue of a protein(or amino-terminus of a peptide following protease cleavage)can be an important determinant of its stability,through the Ubiquitin Proteasome System associated N-degron pathways....The amino-terminal residue of a protein(or amino-terminus of a peptide following protease cleavage)can be an important determinant of its stability,through the Ubiquitin Proteasome System associated N-degron pathways.Plants contain a unique combination of N-degron pathways(previously called the N-end rule pathways)E3 ligases,PROTEOLYSIS(PRT)6 and PRT1,recognizing non-overlapping sets of amino-terminal residues,and others remain to be identified.Although only very few substrates of PRT1 or PRT6 have been identified,substrates of the oxygen and nitric oxide sensing branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway include key nuclear-located transcription factors(ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VIIs and LITTLE ZIPPER 2)and the histone-modifying Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 component VERNALIZATION 2.In response to reduced oxygen or nitric oxide levels(and other mechanisms that reduce pathway activity)these stabilized substrates regulate diverse aspects of growth and development,including response to flooding,salinity,vernalization(cold-induced flowering)and shoot apical meristem function.The N-degron pathways show great promise for use in the improvement of crop performance and for biotechnological applications.Upstream proteases,components of the different pathways and associated substrates still remain to be identified and characterized to fully appreciate how regulation of protein stability through the amino-terminal residue impacts plant biology.展开更多
Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-yea...Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment(PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards.However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers.Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats.Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately,precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.展开更多
基金supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant nos. BB/R002428/1 and BB/M029441/1)by Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grants RPG-2017-132 and RPG-2018-172funded by a University of Nottingham joint Biosciences/Chemistry Ph.D. fellowship
文摘The amino-terminal residue of a protein(or amino-terminus of a peptide following protease cleavage)can be an important determinant of its stability,through the Ubiquitin Proteasome System associated N-degron pathways.Plants contain a unique combination of N-degron pathways(previously called the N-end rule pathways)E3 ligases,PROTEOLYSIS(PRT)6 and PRT1,recognizing non-overlapping sets of amino-terminal residues,and others remain to be identified.Although only very few substrates of PRT1 or PRT6 have been identified,substrates of the oxygen and nitric oxide sensing branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway include key nuclear-located transcription factors(ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VIIs and LITTLE ZIPPER 2)and the histone-modifying Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 component VERNALIZATION 2.In response to reduced oxygen or nitric oxide levels(and other mechanisms that reduce pathway activity)these stabilized substrates regulate diverse aspects of growth and development,including response to flooding,salinity,vernalization(cold-induced flowering)and shoot apical meristem function.The N-degron pathways show great promise for use in the improvement of crop performance and for biotechnological applications.Upstream proteases,components of the different pathways and associated substrates still remain to be identified and characterized to fully appreciate how regulation of protein stability through the amino-terminal residue impacts plant biology.
基金supported by AUB’s University Research Board (URB)
文摘Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment(PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards.However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers.Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats.Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately,precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.
