The existing models for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in gas reservoirs with edge water ignore the effects of reservoir's interlayer heterogeneity,so their calculation results are more devia...The existing models for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in gas reservoirs with edge water ignore the effects of reservoir's interlayer heterogeneity,so their calculation results are more deviated from the actual water breakthrough time of gas wells.As a result,they cannot accurately and effectively guide the adjustment of gas well production system and the formulation of technical water control measures.In this paper,a water-flooding seepage experiment of parallel core was conducted by taking the gas reservoir with edge water of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang Gas Field of the Sichuan Basin as an example.Then,the effects of edge water inrush caused by the interlayer heterogeneity of reservoir on water breakthrough time of gas wells was analyzed by means of reservoir numerical simulation.Based on this,the inrush coefficient was introduced to characterize the interlayer heterogeneity of reservoir,and a model for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in the commingled gas reservoir with edge water considering the influence of interlayer heterogeneity was established.Finally,five wells in the gas reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang Gas Field were selected for case calculation.And the following research results were obtained.First,the interlayer heterogeneity of gas reservoir results in edge water burst.And the stronger the interlayer heterogeneity,the more severe the edge water coning and the sooner the water breakthrough.The water breakthrough time of gas wells depends on the water breakthrough time in the reservoir with the highest permeability.Second,a model for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in the gas reservoirs with edge water considering the influence of reservoir interlayer heterogeneity is established based on the seepage theory.And the relative errors of its calculation results are in the range of 3.43e4.70%,which can satisfy the accuracy requirement of engineering errors.In conclusion,this newly established model can provide an effective method for accurately calculating the water break-through time of the gas well in the commingled gas reservoir with edge water.Furthermore,it is conducive to the adjustment of the production system of gas wells in the gas reservoir with edge water and the formulation of technical water control measures.展开更多
炎症小体是先天免疫的重要组成部分,参与多种病理生理学过程。NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD like recepter heat protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)作为近年来研究最广泛的炎症小体之一,其在机体对病原微生物感染、维...炎症小体是先天免疫的重要组成部分,参与多种病理生理学过程。NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD like recepter heat protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)作为近年来研究最广泛的炎症小体之一,其在机体对病原微生物感染、维持组织稳态等方面发挥着重要作用。NLRP3炎症小体由NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和半胱氨酸天冬酶1(Caspase-1)等蛋白组成,其活化过程涉及多步骤信号转导,包括启动信号和激活信号。NLRP3炎症小体的活化能够促进Caspase-1的切割与活化,进而介导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的成熟与释放,以及细胞焦亡过程,从而在机体炎症反应中发挥关键作用。在兽医领域,NLRP3炎症小体的研究主要集中在与动物疾病发生发展的关系及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。研究表明,NLRP3炎症小体的过度激活与多种动物疾病相关,其中包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫以及支原体感染等。因此,针对NLRP3炎症小体的调控已成为相关疾病治疗的重要策略,并展现出作为疾病诊断标记物的潜力。目前在兽医临床上,针对NLRP3炎症小体的相关调控机制正在被系统研究。近年来,研究人员开发了一系列针对NLRP3炎症小体的抑制剂,如UK5099、MCC950等,虽然这些抑制剂在动物模型中显示出显著的抗炎作用,但NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂的开发领域仍属于起步阶段且尚未有针对此靶点的药物成功上市,因此开发更接近临床应用的新型NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂仍面临挑战。笔者对NLRP3炎症小体及其在兽医领域的研究进展进行了综述,以期为NLRP3炎症小体应用于治疗动物炎症性疾病的重要靶点提供参考。展开更多
目的:探讨苗药头花蓼对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎(HAG)SD大鼠胃黏膜组织中PTEN、PI3K和AKT表达的影响。方法:48只SPF级SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组及药物组,模型组和药物组SD大鼠采用H.pylori悉尼驯化株SS2000灌胃构建H.pylori感染慢性胃炎动...目的:探讨苗药头花蓼对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎(HAG)SD大鼠胃黏膜组织中PTEN、PI3K和AKT表达的影响。方法:48只SPF级SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组及药物组,模型组和药物组SD大鼠采用H.pylori悉尼驯化株SS2000灌胃构建H.pylori感染慢性胃炎动物模型;建模成功后,药物组给予1.58 g/(kg·d)头花蓼生药2周,空白组和模型组给予等量无菌生理盐水;末次给药4周后,处死各组大鼠取胃组织,采用HE染色观察胃黏膜组织变化,并进行病理评分;提取各组大鼠胃黏膜组织蛋白及mRNA,采用Western Blot和Real time PCR技术检测大鼠胃黏膜组织中PTEN、PI3K和AKT蛋白及mRNA表达量的变化。结果:HE染色结果显示,模型组SD大鼠胃黏膜呈现慢性炎症,病理评分明显升高(P<0.05),头花蓼药物组病理评分较模型组显著降低(P<0.05);Western blot及Real time PCR结果显示,模型组PTEN蛋白及mRNA表达较空白组明显降低(P<0.05),AKT表达显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,药物组胃黏膜中PTEN蛋白及mRNA表达上调(P<0.05),AKT表达水平下调(P<0.05)。结论:苗药头花蓼可能通过上调PTEN表达、抑制AKT/PI3K通路活化,从而改善H.pylori引起的胃黏膜炎症。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project“Research on Gas-Water Two-Phase Flow Characteristics of Deep Reef-Shoal Reservoirs”(No.2016ZX05017-001-HZ02)Chongqing Graduate Research and Innovation Project“Water Invasion Mechanism and Prediction Model of Water Breakthrough Time of Ultra-Deep Carbonate Gas Reservoirs”(No.CYS19351)。
文摘The existing models for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in gas reservoirs with edge water ignore the effects of reservoir's interlayer heterogeneity,so their calculation results are more deviated from the actual water breakthrough time of gas wells.As a result,they cannot accurately and effectively guide the adjustment of gas well production system and the formulation of technical water control measures.In this paper,a water-flooding seepage experiment of parallel core was conducted by taking the gas reservoir with edge water of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang Gas Field of the Sichuan Basin as an example.Then,the effects of edge water inrush caused by the interlayer heterogeneity of reservoir on water breakthrough time of gas wells was analyzed by means of reservoir numerical simulation.Based on this,the inrush coefficient was introduced to characterize the interlayer heterogeneity of reservoir,and a model for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in the commingled gas reservoir with edge water considering the influence of interlayer heterogeneity was established.Finally,five wells in the gas reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in the Puguang Gas Field were selected for case calculation.And the following research results were obtained.First,the interlayer heterogeneity of gas reservoir results in edge water burst.And the stronger the interlayer heterogeneity,the more severe the edge water coning and the sooner the water breakthrough.The water breakthrough time of gas wells depends on the water breakthrough time in the reservoir with the highest permeability.Second,a model for calculating the water breakthrough time of gas wells in the gas reservoirs with edge water considering the influence of reservoir interlayer heterogeneity is established based on the seepage theory.And the relative errors of its calculation results are in the range of 3.43e4.70%,which can satisfy the accuracy requirement of engineering errors.In conclusion,this newly established model can provide an effective method for accurately calculating the water break-through time of the gas well in the commingled gas reservoir with edge water.Furthermore,it is conducive to the adjustment of the production system of gas wells in the gas reservoir with edge water and the formulation of technical water control measures.
文摘炎症小体是先天免疫的重要组成部分,参与多种病理生理学过程。NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD like recepter heat protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)作为近年来研究最广泛的炎症小体之一,其在机体对病原微生物感染、维持组织稳态等方面发挥着重要作用。NLRP3炎症小体由NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和半胱氨酸天冬酶1(Caspase-1)等蛋白组成,其活化过程涉及多步骤信号转导,包括启动信号和激活信号。NLRP3炎症小体的活化能够促进Caspase-1的切割与活化,进而介导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-18的成熟与释放,以及细胞焦亡过程,从而在机体炎症反应中发挥关键作用。在兽医领域,NLRP3炎症小体的研究主要集中在与动物疾病发生发展的关系及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。研究表明,NLRP3炎症小体的过度激活与多种动物疾病相关,其中包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫以及支原体感染等。因此,针对NLRP3炎症小体的调控已成为相关疾病治疗的重要策略,并展现出作为疾病诊断标记物的潜力。目前在兽医临床上,针对NLRP3炎症小体的相关调控机制正在被系统研究。近年来,研究人员开发了一系列针对NLRP3炎症小体的抑制剂,如UK5099、MCC950等,虽然这些抑制剂在动物模型中显示出显著的抗炎作用,但NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂的开发领域仍属于起步阶段且尚未有针对此靶点的药物成功上市,因此开发更接近临床应用的新型NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂仍面临挑战。笔者对NLRP3炎症小体及其在兽医领域的研究进展进行了综述,以期为NLRP3炎症小体应用于治疗动物炎症性疾病的重要靶点提供参考。
文摘目的:探讨苗药头花蓼对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎(HAG)SD大鼠胃黏膜组织中PTEN、PI3K和AKT表达的影响。方法:48只SPF级SD大鼠分为空白组、模型组及药物组,模型组和药物组SD大鼠采用H.pylori悉尼驯化株SS2000灌胃构建H.pylori感染慢性胃炎动物模型;建模成功后,药物组给予1.58 g/(kg·d)头花蓼生药2周,空白组和模型组给予等量无菌生理盐水;末次给药4周后,处死各组大鼠取胃组织,采用HE染色观察胃黏膜组织变化,并进行病理评分;提取各组大鼠胃黏膜组织蛋白及mRNA,采用Western Blot和Real time PCR技术检测大鼠胃黏膜组织中PTEN、PI3K和AKT蛋白及mRNA表达量的变化。结果:HE染色结果显示,模型组SD大鼠胃黏膜呈现慢性炎症,病理评分明显升高(P<0.05),头花蓼药物组病理评分较模型组显著降低(P<0.05);Western blot及Real time PCR结果显示,模型组PTEN蛋白及mRNA表达较空白组明显降低(P<0.05),AKT表达显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,药物组胃黏膜中PTEN蛋白及mRNA表达上调(P<0.05),AKT表达水平下调(P<0.05)。结论:苗药头花蓼可能通过上调PTEN表达、抑制AKT/PI3K通路活化,从而改善H.pylori引起的胃黏膜炎症。
