Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the leading vegetable crop worldwide and an essential component of a healthy diet (Lin et al., 2014; Du et al., 2017). Fruit color is regarded as one of the most important commercial t...Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the leading vegetable crop worldwide and an essential component of a healthy diet (Lin et al., 2014; Du et al., 2017). Fruit color is regarded as one of the most important commercial traits in tomato (The Tomato Genome Consortium, 2012). Consumers in different regions have different color preferences. For example, European and American consumers prefer red tomatoes, while pink tomatoes are more pop- ular in Asia countries, particularly in China and Japan (Ballester et al., 2010; Lin et al., 2014). However, most of tomato breeding ma- terials are red-fruited, thus the generation of pink-fruited materials is very important for Asian tomato production. Metabolomics and genetics studies demonstrate that the pink trait results from the absence of yellow-colored flavonoid naringenin chalcone (NarCh) in the peels,and is controlled by the monogenic recessive yellow(y)lOCUS(Adato et a1..2009;Ballester et a1..2OLO).展开更多
The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in...The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and later widely cultivated worldwide.Since the late 19th century,breeders,guided by modern genetics,breeding science,and statistical theory,have improved tomatoes into an important fruit and vegetable crop that serves both fresh consumption and processing needs,satisfying diverse consumer demands.Over the past three decades,advancements in modern crop molecular breeding technologies,represented by molecular marker technology,genome sequencing,and genome editing,have significantly transformed tomato breeding paradigms.This article reviews the research progress in the field of tomato molecular breeding,encompassing genome sequencing of germplasm resources,the identification of functional genes for agronomic traits,and the development of key molecular breeding technologies.Based on these advancements,we also discuss the major challenges and perspectives in this field.展开更多
The jasmonate signaling pathway coordinates plant defenses and growth,thereby enhancing fitness in changing conditions.Jasmonate-mediated responses are triggered by the recognition of external signals via pattern reco...The jasmonate signaling pathway coordinates plant defenses and growth,thereby enhancing fitness in changing conditions.Jasmonate-mediated responses are triggered by the recognition of external signals via pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)located on the cell membrane.Following signal perception,cells rapidly activate jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis,resulting in the accumulation of the bioactive jasmonate,jasmonoyl-isoleucine(JA-Ile).In the nucleus,the coronatine insensitive 1-jasmonate-ZIMdomain(COI1-JAZ)complex recognizes JA-Ile and triggers JAZ ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Consequently,transcription factors(e.g.,MYC2)bound by JAZ are released,enabling the activation and amplification of JA responses.In parallel to this activation,feedback regulation orchestrated by transcription factors terminates transcription,preventing overcommitment to JA signaling.In this review,we summarize recent advances in understanding JA signaling,emphasizing the connection between PRR activation and JA biosynthesis,and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that ensure precision and robustness of the JA signaling pathway.Finally,we discuss how these mechanistic insights can be leveraged to optimize JA signaling for crop genetic improvement.展开更多
Dietary anthocyanins are important health-promoting antioxidants that make a major contribution to the quality of fruits. It is intriguing that most tomato cultivars do not produce anthocyanins in fruit. However, the ...Dietary anthocyanins are important health-promoting antioxidants that make a major contribution to the quality of fruits. It is intriguing that most tomato cultivars do not produce anthocyanins in fruit. However, the purple tomato variety Indigo Rose, which has the dominant Aft locus combined with the recessive atv locus from wild tomato species, exhibits light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin. Here, we report that Aft encodes a functional anthocyanin activator named SlAN2-like, while atv encodes a nonfunctional version of the anthocyanin repressor SlMYBATV. The expression of SlAN2-like is responsive to light, and the functional SlAN2-like can activate the expression of both anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and their regulatory genes, suggesting that SlAN2-like acts as a master regulator in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We further showed that cultivated tomatoes contain nonfunctional alleles of SlAN2-like and therefore fail to produce anthocyanins. Consistently, expression of a functional SlAN2-like gene driven by the fruit-specific promoter in a tomato cultivar led to the activation of the entire anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and high-level accumulation of anthocyanins in both the peel and flesh. Taken together, our study exemplifies that efficient engineering of complex metabolic pathways could be achieved through tissue-specific expression of master transcriptional regulators.展开更多
Grain number is a flexible trait and contributes significantly to grain yield.In rice,the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE(DST)controls grain number by directly regulating cytokinin oxidase!...Grain number is a flexible trait and contributes significantly to grain yield.In rice,the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE(DST)controls grain number by directly regulating cytokinin oxidase!dehydrogenase 2(OsCKX2)expression.Although specific upstream regulators of the DST-OsCKX2 module have been identified,the mechanism employed by DST to regulate the expression of OsCKX2 remains unclear.Here,we demonstrate that DST-interacting protein 1(DIP1),known as Mediator subunit OsMED25,acts as an interacting coactivator of DST.Phenotypic analyses revealed that OsMED25-RNAi and the osmed25 mutant plants exhibited enlarged panicles,with enhanced branching and spikelet number,similar to the dst mutant.Genetic analysis indicated that OsMED25 acts in the same pathway as the DST-OsCKX2 module to regulate spikelet number per panicle.Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 physically interacts with DST at the promoter region of OsCKX2,and then recruits RNA polymerase II(Pol II)to activate OsCKX2 transcription.Thus,OsMED25 was involved in the communication between DST and Pol II general transcriptional machinery to regulate spikelet number.In general,our findings reveal a novel function of OsMED25 in DST-OsCKX2 modulated transcriptional regulation,thus enhancing our un derstanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying DST-OsCKX2-mediated spikelet number.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100500 and 2016YFD0101703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31601759 and 31471881)+1 种基金the Ministry of Agriculture of China (2016ZX08009-003-001)the Tai-Shan Scholar Program from the Shandong Provincial Government
文摘Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the leading vegetable crop worldwide and an essential component of a healthy diet (Lin et al., 2014; Du et al., 2017). Fruit color is regarded as one of the most important commercial traits in tomato (The Tomato Genome Consortium, 2012). Consumers in different regions have different color preferences. For example, European and American consumers prefer red tomatoes, while pink tomatoes are more pop- ular in Asia countries, particularly in China and Japan (Ballester et al., 2010; Lin et al., 2014). However, most of tomato breeding ma- terials are red-fruited, thus the generation of pink-fruited materials is very important for Asian tomato production. Metabolomics and genetics studies demonstrate that the pink trait results from the absence of yellow-colored flavonoid naringenin chalcone (NarCh) in the peels,and is controlled by the monogenic recessive yellow(y)lOCUS(Adato et a1..2009;Ballester et a1..2OLO).
基金supported by the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(NY2401080000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31991184,32372705,32302567,32402586)+6 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(15053344,15054001)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural Universitythe Tai-Shan Scholars Program from the Shandong Province(TSQN202312148)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024JQ014,ZR2024QC172)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(324CXTD426)the Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(ZDYF2025XDNY082)Taishan Academy of Tomato Innovation。
文摘The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and later widely cultivated worldwide.Since the late 19th century,breeders,guided by modern genetics,breeding science,and statistical theory,have improved tomatoes into an important fruit and vegetable crop that serves both fresh consumption and processing needs,satisfying diverse consumer demands.Over the past three decades,advancements in modern crop molecular breeding technologies,represented by molecular marker technology,genome sequencing,and genome editing,have significantly transformed tomato breeding paradigms.This article reviews the research progress in the field of tomato molecular breeding,encompassing genome sequencing of germplasm resources,the identification of functional genes for agronomic traits,and the development of key molecular breeding technologies.Based on these advancements,we also discuss the major challenges and perspectives in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32402586,32372705)Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(NY2401080000)+2 种基金the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(15055005)the Open Project of National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(324CXTD426)Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(ZDYF2025XDNY082).
文摘The jasmonate signaling pathway coordinates plant defenses and growth,thereby enhancing fitness in changing conditions.Jasmonate-mediated responses are triggered by the recognition of external signals via pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)located on the cell membrane.Following signal perception,cells rapidly activate jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis,resulting in the accumulation of the bioactive jasmonate,jasmonoyl-isoleucine(JA-Ile).In the nucleus,the coronatine insensitive 1-jasmonate-ZIMdomain(COI1-JAZ)complex recognizes JA-Ile and triggers JAZ ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.Consequently,transcription factors(e.g.,MYC2)bound by JAZ are released,enabling the activation and amplification of JA responses.In parallel to this activation,feedback regulation orchestrated by transcription factors terminates transcription,preventing overcommitment to JA signaling.In this review,we summarize recent advances in understanding JA signaling,emphasizing the connection between PRR activation and JA biosynthesis,and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that ensure precision and robustness of the JA signaling pathway.Finally,we discuss how these mechanistic insights can be leveraged to optimize JA signaling for crop genetic improvement.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(XDA24020308)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2016YFD0100500)+1 种基金the Ministry of Agriculture of China,China(2016ZX08009-003-001)he Tai-Shan Scholar Program from Shandong Province(No.tsxk20150901).
文摘Dietary anthocyanins are important health-promoting antioxidants that make a major contribution to the quality of fruits. It is intriguing that most tomato cultivars do not produce anthocyanins in fruit. However, the purple tomato variety Indigo Rose, which has the dominant Aft locus combined with the recessive atv locus from wild tomato species, exhibits light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin. Here, we report that Aft encodes a functional anthocyanin activator named SlAN2-like, while atv encodes a nonfunctional version of the anthocyanin repressor SlMYBATV. The expression of SlAN2-like is responsive to light, and the functional SlAN2-like can activate the expression of both anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and their regulatory genes, suggesting that SlAN2-like acts as a master regulator in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We further showed that cultivated tomatoes contain nonfunctional alleles of SlAN2-like and therefore fail to produce anthocyanins. Consistently, expression of a functional SlAN2-like gene driven by the fruit-specific promoter in a tomato cultivar led to the activation of the entire anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and high-level accumulation of anthocyanins in both the peel and flesh. Taken together, our study exemplifies that efficient engineering of complex metabolic pathways could be achieved through tissue-specific expression of master transcriptional regulators.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFD1000300)Agricultural Seed Project of Shandong Province (Grant Nos 2020LZGC005, 2021LZGC0017)+1 种基金the Tai-Shan Scholar Program from Shandong Province (Grant No. tsxk20150901)the K. C. Wong Education Foundation.
文摘Grain number is a flexible trait and contributes significantly to grain yield.In rice,the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE(DST)controls grain number by directly regulating cytokinin oxidase!dehydrogenase 2(OsCKX2)expression.Although specific upstream regulators of the DST-OsCKX2 module have been identified,the mechanism employed by DST to regulate the expression of OsCKX2 remains unclear.Here,we demonstrate that DST-interacting protein 1(DIP1),known as Mediator subunit OsMED25,acts as an interacting coactivator of DST.Phenotypic analyses revealed that OsMED25-RNAi and the osmed25 mutant plants exhibited enlarged panicles,with enhanced branching and spikelet number,similar to the dst mutant.Genetic analysis indicated that OsMED25 acts in the same pathway as the DST-OsCKX2 module to regulate spikelet number per panicle.Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 physically interacts with DST at the promoter region of OsCKX2,and then recruits RNA polymerase II(Pol II)to activate OsCKX2 transcription.Thus,OsMED25 was involved in the communication between DST and Pol II general transcriptional machinery to regulate spikelet number.In general,our findings reveal a novel function of OsMED25 in DST-OsCKX2 modulated transcriptional regulation,thus enhancing our un derstanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying DST-OsCKX2-mediated spikelet number.
