For efficient colloidal quantum dot(CQD)solar cells(CQD-SCs),thiol-passivated p-type CQDs are generally used as a hole-transporting material(HTM);however,there are issues with the control of optoelectrical properties,...For efficient colloidal quantum dot(CQD)solar cells(CQD-SCs),thiol-passivated p-type CQDs are generally used as a hole-transporting material(HTM);however,there are issues with the control of optoelectrical properties,low thiol passivation rate,and poor morphology with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of approximately 11%.Although polymeric HTMs have been introduced to address these issues,maximizing efficiency and achieving green-solvent processability and thermal stability for commercialization is necessary.Here,we synthesize a novel benzodifuran(BDF)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDF)showing an electron-deficient state,low steric hindrance,and low planarity compared to those of a typical benzodithiophene(BDT)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDT).BDF properties lead to deep high occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels,closeπ-πstacking,excellent solubility,and amorphous properties related to efficiency,green-solvent processability,and thermal stability.With these benefits,the asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed enhanced open-circuit voltage(Voc)(0.65 V)and PCE(13.29%)compared to those of the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(0.63 V and 12.22%)in toxic processes with chlorobenzene.The asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed a PCE of 12.51%in a green-solvent process with 2-methylanisole and improved thermal stability at 80℃(83.8%retaining after 24 h)owing to less lateral crystallization than the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(60.8%retaining after 24 h).展开更多
The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health burden.It is the leading cause of disability and deat...The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health burden.It is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide,posing immense societal and economic challenges due to the long-term care required for stro ke survivors and the significant healthcare costs associated with its treatment and management(Amarenco et al.,2009).展开更多
The recent progress in semiconductor processing technology has served as a major driving force behind the rapid development of nanophotonics research.Among the emerging applications,metasurfaces have attracted signifi...The recent progress in semiconductor processing technology has served as a major driving force behind the rapid development of nanophotonics research.Among the emerging applications,metasurfaces have attracted significant attention as saturable absorbers(SAs)for mode-locked laser systems that generate short pulses.In this study,we present the comprehensive design,fabrication,and experimental demonstration of a metasurface-based SA operating in the 1μm wavelength range,leveraging both the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)phenomenon and the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ)effect of indium tin oxide.展开更多
Objective:Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent due to its ability to damage DNA in the treatment of cancer.However,its clinical application is often limited by adverse effects on normal tissues,especially...Objective:Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent due to its ability to damage DNA in the treatment of cancer.However,its clinical application is often limited by adverse effects on normal tissues,especially the kidneys.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its side effects.In this study,we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human renal epithelial cells,with a focus on key signaling pathways and mediators that drive nephrotoxicity.Methods:To explore these mechanisms,human proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2)were treated with cisplatin.The study assessed DNA damage response(DDR)and stress-related protein expression,cell cycle distribution,and apoptosis.Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs),particularly Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase(ERK),was analyzed,along with the expression and functional role of activating transcription factor 3(ATF3)and tumor protein p53(p53).Results:Cisplatin treatment upregulated DDR and stress response proteins,induced S phase arrest,and increased the SubG1 population,indicating apoptotic cell death.ERK was identified as a critical mediator of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and stress responses.ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in an ERK-dependent manner and required p53 activation.Knockdown of ATF3 reduced cisplatin-induced DNA damage,highlighting its role in the cytotoxic response.Conclusions:Cisplatin induces nephrotoxicity through ERK-and p53-dependent upregulation of ATF3,which is associated with DNA damage and cell death,suggesting a modulatory role in the cellular stress response.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of cisplatin-induced renal injury and suggest potential therapeutic targets to alleviate its adverse effects.展开更多
Exploring highly efficient Pt-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for hydrogen(H2)production.Herein,a novel HER electrocatalyst having abundant ultra-small(2–3 nm)Ru electronical...Exploring highly efficient Pt-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for hydrogen(H2)production.Herein,a novel HER electrocatalyst having abundant ultra-small(2–3 nm)Ru electronically confined by a B,N codoped polar carbon surface(Ru/(B-N)-PC)was constructed.The Ru/(B-N)-PC catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 15 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2),a low Tafel slope of 22.6 mV·dec^(−1),superior durability,which outperforms the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.Both experimental characterizations and theory calculations suggest that an electron communication established between B,N co-doped carbon surface and ultra-small Ru nanoparticles with electrons transferred from N atoms to Ru and backtransferred from Ru to B atoms,which exerts a moderate electronic modification of Ru.This,in turn,affords a modest H adsorption energy and a lower H2O dissociation barrier,leading to the high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction.The work provides meaningful insight into the size control and electronic modulation of Ru catalyst for intrinsic HER activity improvement.展开更多
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(2021R1A2C3004420,2021M3H4A1A02055684,and 2020R1C1C1012256)the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT(21-CoE-ET-01)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1A6A3A14038599).
文摘For efficient colloidal quantum dot(CQD)solar cells(CQD-SCs),thiol-passivated p-type CQDs are generally used as a hole-transporting material(HTM);however,there are issues with the control of optoelectrical properties,low thiol passivation rate,and poor morphology with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of approximately 11%.Although polymeric HTMs have been introduced to address these issues,maximizing efficiency and achieving green-solvent processability and thermal stability for commercialization is necessary.Here,we synthesize a novel benzodifuran(BDF)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDF)showing an electron-deficient state,low steric hindrance,and low planarity compared to those of a typical benzodithiophene(BDT)-based HTM(asy-ranPBTBDT).BDF properties lead to deep high occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels,closeπ-πstacking,excellent solubility,and amorphous properties related to efficiency,green-solvent processability,and thermal stability.With these benefits,the asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed enhanced open-circuit voltage(Voc)(0.65 V)and PCE(13.29%)compared to those of the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(0.63 V and 12.22%)in toxic processes with chlorobenzene.The asy-ranPBTBDF-based CQD-SC showed a PCE of 12.51%in a green-solvent process with 2-methylanisole and improved thermal stability at 80℃(83.8%retaining after 24 h)owing to less lateral crystallization than the asy-ranPBTBDT-based device(60.8%retaining after 24 h).
基金supported by the NIH National Cancer Institute career development award(K25CA201545,to WL)。
文摘The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health burden.It is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide,posing immense societal and economic challenges due to the long-term care required for stro ke survivors and the significant healthcare costs associated with its treatment and management(Amarenco et al.,2009).
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(RS-2020-NR049597,RS-2023-00256050)Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(RS-2024-00432036)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(P0024164)。
文摘The recent progress in semiconductor processing technology has served as a major driving force behind the rapid development of nanophotonics research.Among the emerging applications,metasurfaces have attracted significant attention as saturable absorbers(SAs)for mode-locked laser systems that generate short pulses.In this study,we present the comprehensive design,fabrication,and experimental demonstration of a metasurface-based SA operating in the 1μm wavelength range,leveraging both the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)phenomenon and the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ)effect of indium tin oxide.
基金supported by the research grant of Gyeongsang National University in 2023supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00516213)+3 种基金the Brain Pool Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea funded by theKorea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-25439144)AKorea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A6C10B724)supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)programthrough the RISE Center,Gyeongsangnam-do Provincial Government,Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-16-001)Learning&Academic research institution for Master’s⋅PhD students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00301974 and RS-2023-00301914).
文摘Objective:Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent due to its ability to damage DNA in the treatment of cancer.However,its clinical application is often limited by adverse effects on normal tissues,especially the kidneys.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its side effects.In this study,we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in human renal epithelial cells,with a focus on key signaling pathways and mediators that drive nephrotoxicity.Methods:To explore these mechanisms,human proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2)were treated with cisplatin.The study assessed DNA damage response(DDR)and stress-related protein expression,cell cycle distribution,and apoptosis.Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs),particularly Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase(ERK),was analyzed,along with the expression and functional role of activating transcription factor 3(ATF3)and tumor protein p53(p53).Results:Cisplatin treatment upregulated DDR and stress response proteins,induced S phase arrest,and increased the SubG1 population,indicating apoptotic cell death.ERK was identified as a critical mediator of cisplatin-induced DNA damage and stress responses.ATF3 expression was significantly elevated in an ERK-dependent manner and required p53 activation.Knockdown of ATF3 reduced cisplatin-induced DNA damage,highlighting its role in the cytotoxic response.Conclusions:Cisplatin induces nephrotoxicity through ERK-and p53-dependent upregulation of ATF3,which is associated with DNA damage and cell death,suggesting a modulatory role in the cellular stress response.These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of cisplatin-induced renal injury and suggest potential therapeutic targets to alleviate its adverse effects.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072069)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology(No.GC202101)+3 种基金the Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic materials(No.202121904)the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry,Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter(No.20210012)the JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(No.JPMJER2003)the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP-2021/243),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Exploring highly efficient Pt-free catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great importance for hydrogen(H2)production.Herein,a novel HER electrocatalyst having abundant ultra-small(2–3 nm)Ru electronically confined by a B,N codoped polar carbon surface(Ru/(B-N)-PC)was constructed.The Ru/(B-N)-PC catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 15 mV at the current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2),a low Tafel slope of 22.6 mV·dec^(−1),superior durability,which outperforms the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.Both experimental characterizations and theory calculations suggest that an electron communication established between B,N co-doped carbon surface and ultra-small Ru nanoparticles with electrons transferred from N atoms to Ru and backtransferred from Ru to B atoms,which exerts a moderate electronic modification of Ru.This,in turn,affords a modest H adsorption energy and a lower H2O dissociation barrier,leading to the high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction.The work provides meaningful insight into the size control and electronic modulation of Ru catalyst for intrinsic HER activity improvement.
