In everyday life,people effectively convey their intentions through pointing gestures without explicitly naming objects.In particular,pointing gestures used in conjunction with linguistic expressions such as“this”an...In everyday life,people effectively convey their intentions through pointing gestures without explicitly naming objects.In particular,pointing gestures used in conjunction with linguistic expressions such as“this”and“that”play a crucial role in intuitively indicating objects or locations in space.Although research on the recognition of such nonverbal gestures has been actively pursued within the field of human-computer interaction(HCI),accurately interpreting a user’s intent remains challenging in situations where the pointing gesture is ambiguous.This paper proposes an integrated system that combines a large language model(LLM),capable of understanding complex human language expressions,with pointing gestures designed to designate targets in space,thereby effectively processing multimodal user commands.The system is designed to accurately recognize user intentions even in complex and uncertain environments(e.g.,indoor spaces with multiple objects)by synergistically leveraging spatial information obtained from pointing gestures and contextual reasoning provided by the LLM.To validate the proposed approach,we constructed a dataset comprising complex real-world environments and diverse utterances,and conducted experiments to meticulously analyze the system’s performance and limitations.This study demonstrates the potential for natural expansion of language-based spatial understanding within HCI,and suggests avenues for future research in related fields.展开更多
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption,compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings.For decades,many radi...Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption,compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings.For decades,many radiative cooling studies have been introduced but its applications are mostly restricted to nighttime use only.Recently,the emergence of photonic technologies to achieves daytime radiative cooling overcome the performance limitations.For example,broadband and selective emissions in mid-IR and high reflectance in the solar spectral range have already been demonstrated.This review article discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamic heat transfer that motivates radiative cooling.Several photonic structures such as multilayer,periodical,random;derived from nature,and associated design procedures were thoroughly discussed.Photonic integration with new functionality significantly enhances the effciency of radiative cooling technologies such as colored,transparent,and switchable radiative cooling applications has been developed.The commercial applications such as reducing cooling loads in vehicles,increasing the power generation of solar cells,generating electricity,saving water,and personal thermal regulation are also summarized.Lastly,perspectives on radiative cooling and emerging issues with potential solution strategies are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s.Ph.D.Students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(No.RS-2023-00301974).
文摘In everyday life,people effectively convey their intentions through pointing gestures without explicitly naming objects.In particular,pointing gestures used in conjunction with linguistic expressions such as“this”and“that”play a crucial role in intuitively indicating objects or locations in space.Although research on the recognition of such nonverbal gestures has been actively pursued within the field of human-computer interaction(HCI),accurately interpreting a user’s intent remains challenging in situations where the pointing gesture is ambiguous.This paper proposes an integrated system that combines a large language model(LLM),capable of understanding complex human language expressions,with pointing gestures designed to designate targets in space,thereby effectively processing multimodal user commands.The system is designed to accurately recognize user intentions even in complex and uncertain environments(e.g.,indoor spaces with multiple objects)by synergistically leveraging spatial information obtained from pointing gestures and contextual reasoning provided by the LLM.To validate the proposed approach,we constructed a dataset comprising complex real-world environments and diverse utterances,and conducted experiments to meticulously analyze the system’s performance and limitations.This study demonstrates the potential for natural expansion of language-based spatial understanding within HCI,and suggests avenues for future research in related fields.
基金supported by the Hyundai Motor Company(HR-210433.0001)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant(2021R1A2B5B03001691,2021M3H4A1A02050237).
文摘Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption,compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings.For decades,many radiative cooling studies have been introduced but its applications are mostly restricted to nighttime use only.Recently,the emergence of photonic technologies to achieves daytime radiative cooling overcome the performance limitations.For example,broadband and selective emissions in mid-IR and high reflectance in the solar spectral range have already been demonstrated.This review article discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamic heat transfer that motivates radiative cooling.Several photonic structures such as multilayer,periodical,random;derived from nature,and associated design procedures were thoroughly discussed.Photonic integration with new functionality significantly enhances the effciency of radiative cooling technologies such as colored,transparent,and switchable radiative cooling applications has been developed.The commercial applications such as reducing cooling loads in vehicles,increasing the power generation of solar cells,generating electricity,saving water,and personal thermal regulation are also summarized.Lastly,perspectives on radiative cooling and emerging issues with potential solution strategies are discussed.
