Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong ...Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.展开更多
具备感知与决策能力的物理信息系统在结构上具备一定的内生安全属性,能够在面对不同强度的网络攻击时维持系统韧性.然而,现有研究在该类系统的韧性度量方面仍面临根本性挑战:一方面,不同架构设计在抵御已知与未知攻击方式方面能力差异显...具备感知与决策能力的物理信息系统在结构上具备一定的内生安全属性,能够在面对不同强度的网络攻击时维持系统韧性.然而,现有研究在该类系统的韧性度量方面仍面临根本性挑战:一方面,不同架构设计在抵御已知与未知攻击方式方面能力差异显著,导致系统表现出的韧性存在较大差异;另一方面,当前主流韧性评估方法普遍缺乏对真实攻防动态环境的建模支持,且度量维度单一,难以客观反映系统在复杂环境中感知与决策能力对韧性表现的实际影响.为解决这一关键问题,本文聚焦于具备反馈调度能力的动态异构冗余(dynamic heterogeneous redundancy,DHR)架构系统,首次从博弈论视角出发,基于真实漏洞攻击手段及其破坏后果,科学建模攻防双方在动态环境中的策略对抗过程,并引入对抗性多臂老虎机问题形式化描述策略演化机制.在此基础上,创新性地将EXP3(exponentialweight algorithm for exploration and exploitation)强化学习方法引入DHR架构的策略反馈调度过程中,实现对环境动态变化的快速感知与防御策略的自适应更新,有效提升系统对未知攻击的应对能力与策略鲁棒性,体现了EXP3算法与DHR体系结构结合的合理性与实效性.同时,针对传统韧性评估维度单一的问题,本文提出了三维度的韧性度量方法,全面刻画系统在复杂威胁环境下的抗攻击能力与自适应能力.最后,通过实验模拟验证所提博弈建模方法与多维韧性度量体系的有效性,进一步分析感知与决策能力对系统韧性的显著影响及参数配置对系统安全性的敏感性,体现了本工作在攻防建模、策略自适应与韧性度量方法上的系统性创新,具有重要的理论价值与现实应用意义.展开更多
Chikungunya virus disease(CHIKVD),a mosquitoborne arboviral disease,is clinically characterized by encompass fever,acute articular pain or arthritis,and a maculopapular rash.By December 2024,autochthonous transmission...Chikungunya virus disease(CHIKVD),a mosquitoborne arboviral disease,is clinically characterized by encompass fever,acute articular pain or arthritis,and a maculopapular rash.By December 2024,autochthonous transmission had been recorded in 119 countries and territories,and persistently high attack rates leave susceptible populations continuously at risk.展开更多
In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropi...In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropic quasi-flatband resonances and isotropic quasi-flatband symmetry-protected BICs that exist in coupled topological defects characterized by nontrivial 2D Zak phases,originating from monopole,dipole,and quadrupole corner modes within second-order topological insulator systems.These topological defect modes,whose band structures are described using a tight-binding model,exhibit distinctive radiative behavior due to their symmetry and multipolar characteristics.Through far-field excitation analysis,we demonstrate the robustness and accessibility of these modes in terms of angular and spectral stability.Furthermore,we investigate potential applications of the quasi-flatband resonances in light-matter interactions,including optical forces,second-harmonic generation,and strong coupling,which exhibit robust performance under varying illumination angles.These findings offer new opportunities for precise control over light-matter interactions.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Clusters of COVID-19 cases often happened in small settings(e.g.,families,offices,school,or workplaces)that facilitate person-to-person virus transmission,especially from a ...Summary What is already known on this topic?Clusters of COVID-19 cases often happened in small settings(e.g.,families,offices,school,or workplaces)that facilitate person-to-person virus transmission,especially from a common exposure.What is added by this report?On January 10 and 11,2021,an individual gave three product promotional lectures in Tonghua City.展开更多
Ultra-compact multifunctional integrated photonic modules have great practical significance to photonic integrated circuits (PICs).However,the design effect and efficiency of the existing mainstream inverse design alg...Ultra-compact multifunctional integrated photonic modules have great practical significance to photonic integrated circuits (PICs).However,the design effect and efficiency of the existing mainstream inverse design algorithms are incompetent when designing these modules.We analyze their shortcomings in this task,and propose a new,to our knowledge,inverse design algorithm named polygon search (PS) algorithm to address these problems.We utilize the PS algorithm to design an integrated dual-channel mode-conversion-crossing waveguide module.This module integrates three functions:interconversion between TE_(0) and TE_(1),interconversion between TE_(0) and TE_(2),and channel crossing within only a 4μm×4μm footprint,and its performance is verified by experimental testing.It not only greatly reduces the total footprint of many PICs but also greatly improves their fabricating robustness.Furthermore,we propose a PS-designed mode mixer and a PS-designed bending waveguide,and connect them with the integrated modules to form a four-channel crossing-mode-division-multiplexing system.This system can provide multiple modes on the basis of channel crossing and transmit the output signal in the same direction in parallel within a single output waveguide,which significantly increases the communication bandwidth and decreases the footprint of PICs.At last,we demonstrate the effect and efficiency advantages of the PS algorithm over several mainstream inverse design algorithms by a comprehensive contrast experiment and explain these advantages in theory from several perspectives.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Contact tracing and testing with isolated medical care of identified cases is a key strategy for interrupting chains of transmission of COVID-19 and reducing mortality assoc...Summary What is already known on this topic?Contact tracing and testing with isolated medical care of identified cases is a key strategy for interrupting chains of transmission of COVID-19 and reducing mortality associated with COVID-19.At the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic,due to test capacity limitations,case finding often started from suspected cases.What is added by this report?展开更多
文摘Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.
文摘具备感知与决策能力的物理信息系统在结构上具备一定的内生安全属性,能够在面对不同强度的网络攻击时维持系统韧性.然而,现有研究在该类系统的韧性度量方面仍面临根本性挑战:一方面,不同架构设计在抵御已知与未知攻击方式方面能力差异显著,导致系统表现出的韧性存在较大差异;另一方面,当前主流韧性评估方法普遍缺乏对真实攻防动态环境的建模支持,且度量维度单一,难以客观反映系统在复杂环境中感知与决策能力对韧性表现的实际影响.为解决这一关键问题,本文聚焦于具备反馈调度能力的动态异构冗余(dynamic heterogeneous redundancy,DHR)架构系统,首次从博弈论视角出发,基于真实漏洞攻击手段及其破坏后果,科学建模攻防双方在动态环境中的策略对抗过程,并引入对抗性多臂老虎机问题形式化描述策略演化机制.在此基础上,创新性地将EXP3(exponentialweight algorithm for exploration and exploitation)强化学习方法引入DHR架构的策略反馈调度过程中,实现对环境动态变化的快速感知与防御策略的自适应更新,有效提升系统对未知攻击的应对能力与策略鲁棒性,体现了EXP3算法与DHR体系结构结合的合理性与实效性.同时,针对传统韧性评估维度单一的问题,本文提出了三维度的韧性度量方法,全面刻画系统在复杂威胁环境下的抗攻击能力与自适应能力.最后,通过实验模拟验证所提博弈建模方法与多维韧性度量体系的有效性,进一步分析感知与决策能力对系统韧性的显著影响及参数配置对系统安全性的敏感性,体现了本工作在攻防建模、策略自适应与韧性度量方法上的系统性创新,具有重要的理论价值与现实应用意义.
基金supported by key grants of Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2024C03216,2025C02186)the Key Program of Health Commission of Zhejiang Province/Science Foundation of National Health Commission(WKJ-ZJ-2523).
文摘Chikungunya virus disease(CHIKVD),a mosquitoborne arboviral disease,is clinically characterized by encompass fever,acute articular pain or arthritis,and a maculopapular rash.By December 2024,autochthonous transmission had been recorded in 119 countries and territories,and persistently high attack rates leave susceptible populations continuously at risk.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0706005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305387,12272407,62275269,and 62275271)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40683)the National University of Defense Technology(No.ZK23-03)。
文摘In this Letter,we explore the interplay between topological defects and resonant phenomena in photonic crystal slabs,focusing on quasi-flatband resonances and bound states in the continuum(BICs).We identify anisotropic quasi-flatband resonances and isotropic quasi-flatband symmetry-protected BICs that exist in coupled topological defects characterized by nontrivial 2D Zak phases,originating from monopole,dipole,and quadrupole corner modes within second-order topological insulator systems.These topological defect modes,whose band structures are described using a tight-binding model,exhibit distinctive radiative behavior due to their symmetry and multipolar characteristics.Through far-field excitation analysis,we demonstrate the robustness and accessibility of these modes in terms of angular and spectral stability.Furthermore,we investigate potential applications of the quasi-flatband resonances in light-matter interactions,including optical forces,second-harmonic generation,and strong coupling,which exhibit robust performance under varying illumination angles.These findings offer new opportunities for precise control over light-matter interactions.
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Clusters of COVID-19 cases often happened in small settings(e.g.,families,offices,school,or workplaces)that facilitate person-to-person virus transmission,especially from a common exposure.What is added by this report?On January 10 and 11,2021,an individual gave three product promotional lectures in Tonghua City.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF0706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272407, 60907003,61805278, 62205376, 62275269, 62275271, 62305387)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633704)Foundation of NUDT (JC13-02-13, ZK17-03-01)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0142)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China (CX20230009)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (13JJ3001, 2022JJ40552)。
文摘Ultra-compact multifunctional integrated photonic modules have great practical significance to photonic integrated circuits (PICs).However,the design effect and efficiency of the existing mainstream inverse design algorithms are incompetent when designing these modules.We analyze their shortcomings in this task,and propose a new,to our knowledge,inverse design algorithm named polygon search (PS) algorithm to address these problems.We utilize the PS algorithm to design an integrated dual-channel mode-conversion-crossing waveguide module.This module integrates three functions:interconversion between TE_(0) and TE_(1),interconversion between TE_(0) and TE_(2),and channel crossing within only a 4μm×4μm footprint,and its performance is verified by experimental testing.It not only greatly reduces the total footprint of many PICs but also greatly improves their fabricating robustness.Furthermore,we propose a PS-designed mode mixer and a PS-designed bending waveguide,and connect them with the integrated modules to form a four-channel crossing-mode-division-multiplexing system.This system can provide multiple modes on the basis of channel crossing and transmit the output signal in the same direction in parallel within a single output waveguide,which significantly increases the communication bandwidth and decreases the footprint of PICs.At last,we demonstrate the effect and efficiency advantages of the PS algorithm over several mainstream inverse design algorithms by a comprehensive contrast experiment and explain these advantages in theory from several perspectives.
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Contact tracing and testing with isolated medical care of identified cases is a key strategy for interrupting chains of transmission of COVID-19 and reducing mortality associated with COVID-19.At the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic,due to test capacity limitations,case finding often started from suspected cases.What is added by this report?
