Citronellol is a kind of terpene produced by plants in response to external stress;thus can be used as a gas biomarker to detect black spot Ceratocystis fimbriata infection in sweetpotato.However,many contemporary ana...Citronellol is a kind of terpene produced by plants in response to external stress;thus can be used as a gas biomarker to detect black spot Ceratocystis fimbriata infection in sweetpotato.However,many contemporary analytical methods,exemplified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,are technically demanding,time-consuming,and require complex sample preparation procedures.In this study,a quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)-based gas sensor fabricated via a surface molecular imprinting technique was modified with a Co/Zn-ZIF@MIP composite,in which cobalt-zinc bimetallic ZIF(Co/Zn-ZIF)served as the support material.A linear relationship was observed between the frequency shift and citronellol concentrations ranging from 0.88 to 22 mg/L,with a sensitivity of−6.08 Hz/(mg·L)and a limit of detection(LOD)of 1.35 mg/L.This result indicated that this sensor has excellent selectivity for citronellol and demonstrates high repeatability,as evidenced by R^(2)value of 0.97.In evaluations with real samples,the sensor reliably identified citronellol among the complex volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted from black spot-infected sweetpotato,indicating a high level of selectivity.Our research achieved the rapid characterization of sweetpotato black spot disease within 4 min and provided new insights into the development of QCM-based gas sensors for the rapid assessment of agricultural product quality and safety.展开更多
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, poses a serious health issue worldwide1,according to the Global Cancer Statistics 2022. Approximately 30% of NSCLC patients are diagno...Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, poses a serious health issue worldwide1,according to the Global Cancer Statistics 2022. Approximately 30% of NSCLC patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate ranging from 7%-18%^(2). Unlike localized NSCLC, which can be treated with curative intent, patients with metastatic NSCLC typically undergo systemic treatment to delay progression and prolong survival.展开更多
The PACIFIC study ushered in a“tsunami-like”therapeutic revolution for stage III inoperable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)In the past,chemoradiotherapy(CRT)has been the standard of care for inoperable stage III N...The PACIFIC study ushered in a“tsunami-like”therapeutic revolution for stage III inoperable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)In the past,chemoradiotherapy(CRT)has been the standard of care for inoperable stage III NSCLC.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(cCRT),if tolerable in patients,is the optimal treatment regimen.A meta-analysis has shown that cCRT results in a 5-year survival rate 4.5%longer than that with sequential chemoradiotherapy(sCRT)1.However,within 2 years after cCRT,approximately 30%of patients experience local recurrence,and approximately 40%develop distant metastasis2.Clinicians have explored induction chemotherapy3,consolidation chemotherapy4,and combination use with targeted drugs2,and found that none improve the prognosis.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment approach of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1(PD-1)and PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)are widel...Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment approach of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1(PD-1)and PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)are widely used in clinical practice,but other antibodies that can circumvent innate and acquired resistance are bound to undergo preclinical and clinical studies.However,tumor cells can develop and facilitate the tolerogenic nature of the tumor microenvironment(TME),resulting in tumor progression.Therefore,the immune escape mechanisms exploited by growing lung cancer involve a fine interplay between all actors in the TME.A better understanding of the molecular biology of lung cancer and the cellular/molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and immune cells in the TME could identify novel therapeutic weapons in the old war against lung cancer.This article discusses the role of TME in the progression of lung cancer and pinpoints possible advances and challenges of immunotherapy for NSCLC.展开更多
Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem functions.Clipping management by reducing aboveground par...Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem functions.Clipping management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional issues.Thus,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN model.The results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping plot.The light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping plot.Rainfall intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope gradient.Clipping intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall intensity.The mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on runoff.In order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil drought.We propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriate clipping intensity;meanwhile,local physiographic and climate conditions should be considered.These findings may offer guidance for the development of measures for runoff regulation and ecosystem functions of the watershed during vegetation restoration on the northern Loess Plateau.展开更多
Background:Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is affected by multiple factors.This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell...Background:Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is affected by multiple factors.This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods::The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Metastatic sites included liver,bone,brain,adrenal gland,pleura,and contralateral lung.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method.Organ-specific disease control rate(OSDCR)of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.Results:Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified.The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS(3.1 vs.15.5 months,P=0.0005)and OS(11.1 months vs.not reached,P=0.0016).Besides,patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS(4.2 vs.15.5 months,P=0.0532)rather than OS(P=0.6086).Moreover,the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis(15.5 vs.4.3 months,P=0.1894).More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS(P=0.0052)but not OS(P=0.0791).The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs(Phi[φ]:0.516,P=0.001).The highest OSDCR was observed in lung(15/17),and the lowest in the liver(1/4).Conclusions:Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC.ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis,thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.展开更多
Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid(eDNA),which includes antibiotic resistance genes,is ubiquitous in the environment.The interactions between eDNA and biochar,a promising material widely used in soil amendment and wa...Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid(eDNA),which includes antibiotic resistance genes,is ubiquitous in the environment.The interactions between eDNA and biochar,a promising material widely used in soil amendment and water treatment,greatly affect the environmental behavior of eDNA.Hitherto few experimental evidences are available yet,especially on the information of thermodynamics and energy distribution to explains the interactions between biochar and eDNA.This study investigated the adsorption of herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)on pine sawdust biochar,with a specific emphasis on the adsorption thermodynamics and site energy distribution.The adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was enhanced by an increase in the pyrolysis and adsorption temperatures.The higher surface area,strongerπ−πinteraction,and weaker electrostatic repulsion between hsDNA and biochars prepared at high pyrolysis temperatures facilitated the adsorption of hsDNA.The thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was spontaneous and endothermic.Therefore,higher temperature was beneficial for the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar;this was well explained by the increase in E*and F(E*)with the adsorption temperature.These results are useful for evaluating the migration and transformation of eDNA in the presence of biochar.展开更多
基金support of the Earmarked Fund for CARS-10-Sweetpotato,China,the National Foundation of Nature and Science of China(Nos.32102083 and M2242001)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Nos.ZR2021QC204 and ZR2022MC196).
文摘Citronellol is a kind of terpene produced by plants in response to external stress;thus can be used as a gas biomarker to detect black spot Ceratocystis fimbriata infection in sweetpotato.However,many contemporary analytical methods,exemplified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,are technically demanding,time-consuming,and require complex sample preparation procedures.In this study,a quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)-based gas sensor fabricated via a surface molecular imprinting technique was modified with a Co/Zn-ZIF@MIP composite,in which cobalt-zinc bimetallic ZIF(Co/Zn-ZIF)served as the support material.A linear relationship was observed between the frequency shift and citronellol concentrations ranging from 0.88 to 22 mg/L,with a sensitivity of−6.08 Hz/(mg·L)and a limit of detection(LOD)of 1.35 mg/L.This result indicated that this sensor has excellent selectivity for citronellol and demonstrates high repeatability,as evidenced by R^(2)value of 0.97.In evaluations with real samples,the sensor reliably identified citronellol among the complex volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted from black spot-infected sweetpotato,indicating a high level of selectivity.Our research achieved the rapid characterization of sweetpotato black spot disease within 4 min and provided new insights into the development of QCM-based gas sensors for the rapid assessment of agricultural product quality and safety.
基金supported by grants from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2023ZD0501700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82373349)the MOE Changjiang Distinguished Professor Supporting Project (Grant No. KY0120240205)。
文摘Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, poses a serious health issue worldwide1,according to the Global Cancer Statistics 2022. Approximately 30% of NSCLC patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage with a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate ranging from 7%-18%^(2). Unlike localized NSCLC, which can be treated with curative intent, patients with metastatic NSCLC typically undergo systemic treatment to delay progression and prolong survival.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072562 to QZ)the High Level Hospital Construction Project(Grant No.DFJH201810 to QZ).
文摘The PACIFIC study ushered in a“tsunami-like”therapeutic revolution for stage III inoperable non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)In the past,chemoradiotherapy(CRT)has been the standard of care for inoperable stage III NSCLC.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(cCRT),if tolerable in patients,is the optimal treatment regimen.A meta-analysis has shown that cCRT results in a 5-year survival rate 4.5%longer than that with sequential chemoradiotherapy(sCRT)1.However,within 2 years after cCRT,approximately 30%of patients experience local recurrence,and approximately 40%develop distant metastasis2.Clinicians have explored induction chemotherapy3,consolidation chemotherapy4,and combination use with targeted drugs2,and found that none improve the prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82072562)the High-Level Hospital Construction Project(grant num-ber:DFJH201810)the GDPH Scientific Research Funds for Leading Medical Talents in Guangdong Province(grant number:KJ012019428).
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment approach of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death-1(PD-1)and PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)are widely used in clinical practice,but other antibodies that can circumvent innate and acquired resistance are bound to undergo preclinical and clinical studies.However,tumor cells can develop and facilitate the tolerogenic nature of the tumor microenvironment(TME),resulting in tumor progression.Therefore,the immune escape mechanisms exploited by growing lung cancer involve a fine interplay between all actors in the TME.A better understanding of the molecular biology of lung cancer and the cellular/molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between lung cancer cells and immune cells in the TME could identify novel therapeutic weapons in the old war against lung cancer.This article discusses the role of TME in the progression of lung cancer and pinpoints possible advances and challenges of immunotherapy for NSCLC.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077071,U22A20613 and 41877080)the Loess Plateau Ecological Restoration Innovation Team,Shaanxi Academy of Forestry(SXLK2020-03-02).
文摘Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem functions.Clipping management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional issues.Thus,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN model.The results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping plot.The light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping plot.Rainfall intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope gradient.Clipping intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall intensity.The mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on runoff.In order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil drought.We propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriate clipping intensity;meanwhile,local physiographic and climate conditions should be considered.These findings may offer guidance for the development of measures for runoff regulation and ecosystem functions of the watershed during vegetation restoration on the northern Loess Plateau.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072562 to QZ)the High-Level Hospital Construction Project(No.DFJH201810 to QZ)the GDPH Scientific Research Funds for Leading Medical Talents in Guangdong Province(No.KJ012019428 to QZ).
文摘Background:Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)is affected by multiple factors.This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods::The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Metastatic sites included liver,bone,brain,adrenal gland,pleura,and contralateral lung.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method.Organ-specific disease control rate(OSDCR)of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.Results:Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified.The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS(3.1 vs.15.5 months,P=0.0005)and OS(11.1 months vs.not reached,P=0.0016).Besides,patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS(4.2 vs.15.5 months,P=0.0532)rather than OS(P=0.6086).Moreover,the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis(15.5 vs.4.3 months,P=0.1894).More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS(P=0.0052)but not OS(P=0.0791).The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs(Phi[φ]:0.516,P=0.001).The highest OSDCR was observed in lung(15/17),and the lowest in the liver(1/4).Conclusions:Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC.ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis,thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42167030)Yunnan Young and Middleaged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talents(No.2018HB008)+1 种基金Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young and Elite Talents Project(No.YNWR-QNBJ-2018-336)Yunnan Provincial Scientific Innovation Team of Soil Environment and Ecological Safety(No.2019HC008).
文摘Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid(eDNA),which includes antibiotic resistance genes,is ubiquitous in the environment.The interactions between eDNA and biochar,a promising material widely used in soil amendment and water treatment,greatly affect the environmental behavior of eDNA.Hitherto few experimental evidences are available yet,especially on the information of thermodynamics and energy distribution to explains the interactions between biochar and eDNA.This study investigated the adsorption of herring sperm DNA(hsDNA)on pine sawdust biochar,with a specific emphasis on the adsorption thermodynamics and site energy distribution.The adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was enhanced by an increase in the pyrolysis and adsorption temperatures.The higher surface area,strongerπ−πinteraction,and weaker electrostatic repulsion between hsDNA and biochars prepared at high pyrolysis temperatures facilitated the adsorption of hsDNA.The thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar was spontaneous and endothermic.Therefore,higher temperature was beneficial for the adsorption of hsDNA on biochar;this was well explained by the increase in E*and F(E*)with the adsorption temperature.These results are useful for evaluating the migration and transformation of eDNA in the presence of biochar.
