Custom 465(C465)is a martensitic stainless steel known for its high strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and medical industries.However,limited work has been conducted on its...Custom 465(C465)is a martensitic stainless steel known for its high strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and medical industries.However,limited work has been conducted on its additive manufacturing(AM)and no dedicated heat treatments have been developed for additively manufactured C465 to optimize its strength-ductility trade-off.In this work,the C465 was fabricated via laser powder bed fusion.The effect of hot isostatic pressing,solid solution,cryogenic treatment(−78.5℃),and aging on the composition homogenization,austenite-to-martensite transition,and Ni_(3)Ti precipitation were systemically investigated.The atom probe tomography analysis reveals that Mo atoms accumulate on Ni_(3)Ti precipitate surfaces and inhibits the Ni_(3)Ti growth,con-tributing to the enhanced strength of C465.The modified heat treatment for additively manufactured C465 reaches comparable tensile strength with the wrought counterpart,yielding an ultimate tensile strength of 1773 MPa,yield strength of 1686 MPa,and elongation of 6.5%.A yield strength calculation model was proposed and validated with measured strength under various heat treatments,providing valuable insight for heat treatment design towards diverse industrial applications.展开更多
Objective: Immunotherapeutic outcomes and clinical characteristics of claudin 18 isoform 2 positive(CLDN18.2-positive) gastric cancer(GC) vary in different clinical studies, making it difficult to optimize antiCLDN18....Objective: Immunotherapeutic outcomes and clinical characteristics of claudin 18 isoform 2 positive(CLDN18.2-positive) gastric cancer(GC) vary in different clinical studies, making it difficult to optimize antiCLDN18.2 therapy. We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore the association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapeutic outcomes in GC.Methods: A total of 536 advanced GC patients from 2019 to 2021 in the CT041-CG4006 and CT041-ST-01clinical trials were included in the analysis. CLDN18.2 expression on ≥40% of tumor cells(2+, 40%) and CLDN18.2 expression on ≥70% of tumor cells(2+, 70%) were considered the two levels of positively expressed GC. The clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapy outcomes of GC patients were analyzed according to CLDN18.2 expression status.Results: CLDN18.2 was expressed in 57.6%(cut-off: 2+, 40%) and 48.9%(cut-off: 2+, 70%) of patients.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) and CLDN18.2 were co-expressed in 19.8% [combined positive score(CPS)≥1, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 40%)] and 17.2% [CPS≥5, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 70%)] of patients.CLDN18.2 expression positively correlated with younger age, female sex, non-gastroesophageal junction(nonGEJ), and diffuse phenotype(P<0.001). HER2 and PD-L1 expression were significantly lower in CLDN18.2-positive GC(both P<0.05). Uterine adnexa metastasis(P<0.001) was more frequent and liver metastasis(P<0.001)was less common in CLDN18.2-positive GC. Overall survival and immunotherapy-related progression-free survival(ir PFS) were inferior in the CLDN18.2-positive group.Conclusions: CLDN18.2-positive GC is associated with poor prognosis and worse immunotherapeutic outcomes. The combination of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy, anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy, and chemotherapy for GC requires further investigation.展开更多
It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclode...It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers(diethylenetriamine β-cyclodextrin polymer(DETA-TFCDP) and triethylenetetramine β-cyclodextrin polymer(TETA-TFCDP)) were prepared and applied to capture uranium. Results exhibited that DETA-TFCDP and TETA-TFCDP displayed the advantages of high adsorption amounts(612.2and 628.2 mg·g-1, respectively) and rapid adsorption rates, which can reach(88 ± 1)% of their equilibrium adsorption amounts in 10 min. Moreover, the adsorbent processes of DETA-TFCDP and TETATFCDP on uranium(Ⅵ) followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, stating they were mainly chemisorption and self-endothermic. Besides, TETA-TFCDP also showed excellent selectivity in the presence of seven competing cations and could be effectively reused five times via Na2CO3as the desorption reagent. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the enriched multi-amine groups and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of TETA-TFCDP were the main active sites for capturing uranium(Ⅵ). Hence, multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers are a highly efficient, rapid, and promising adsorbent for capturing uranium(Ⅵ)from radioactive wastewater.展开更多
The demand for large-scale energy storage is increasing due to the decreasing non-renewable resources and deteriorating environmental pollution.Developing rechargeable batteries with high energy density and long cycle...The demand for large-scale energy storage is increasing due to the decreasing non-renewable resources and deteriorating environmental pollution.Developing rechargeable batteries with high energy density and long cycle performance is an ideal choice to meet the demand of energy storage system.The development of excellent electrode particles is of great significance in the commercialization of nextgeneration batteries.The ideal electrode particles should balance raw material reserves,electrochemical performance,price and environmental protection.Among them,the development of electrode particulate materials with excellent electrochemical properties is the top priority at present.In this review,the typical researches of electrode materials are summarized in terms of crystal structure,morphology,pore structure,surface and interface regulation.Firstly,the structural characteristics and improvement methods of transition metal oxides,polyanionic compounds,Prussian blue and their analogues are introduced.Then,the different effects of particulate morphology,pore,surface and interface structure on the performance of electrode materials are discussed.For designing high-performance electrode materials,preparation route should be set according to the particle properties of the materials and the synergistic effect of various optimization methods should be adopted.At the same time,in addition to the electrode materials,other components of the rechargeable batteries,such as current collector,separator and electrolytes,should be optimized to improve the overall performance of the batteries.This review would provide important guiding principle for designing high-performance electrode particulate materials.展开更多
Deep neural networks(DNNs)have found widespread applications in interpreting remote sensing(RS)imagery.However,it has been demonstrated in previous works that DNNs are susceptible and vulnerable to different types of ...Deep neural networks(DNNs)have found widespread applications in interpreting remote sensing(RS)imagery.However,it has been demonstrated in previous works that DNNs are susceptible and vulnerable to different types of noises,particularly adversarial noises.Surprisingly,there has been a lack of comprehensive studies on the robustness of RS tasks,prompting us to undertake a thorough survey and benchmark on the robustness of DNNs in RS.This manuscript conducts a comprehensive study of both the natural robustness and adversarial robustness of DNNs in RS tasks.Specifically,we systematically and extensively survey the robustness of DNNs from various perspectives such as noise type,attack domain,and attacker’s knowledge,encompassing typical applications such as object detection and image classification.Building upon this foundation,we further develop a rigorous benchmark for testing the robustness of DNN-based models,which entails the construction of noised datasets,robustness testing,and evaluation.Under the proposed benchmark,we perform a meticulous and systematic examination of the robustness of typical deep learning algorithms in the context of object detection and image classification applications.Through comprehensive survey and benchmark,we uncover insightful and intriguing findings,which shed light on the relationship between adversarial noise crafting and model training,yielding a deeper understanding of the susceptibility and limitations of various DNN-based models,and providing guidance for the development of more resilient and robust models.展开更多
Low-density closed-cell aluminum foam is promising to be used as load-bearing and thermal insulation components. It is necessary to systematically study its thermal expansion performance. In this work, linear thermal ...Low-density closed-cell aluminum foam is promising to be used as load-bearing and thermal insulation components. It is necessary to systematically study its thermal expansion performance. In this work, linear thermal expansion coefficient(LTEC) of the closed-cell aluminum foam of different density was measured in the temperature range of 100–500 °C. X-ray fluorescence was used to analyze elemental composition of the cell wall material. Phase transition characteristics were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. LTEC of the closed-cell aluminum foam was found to be dominated by its cell wall property and independent of its density. Particularly, two anomalies were found and experimentally analyzed. Due to the release of the residual tensile stress, the LTEC declined and even exhibited negative values. After several thermal cycles, the residual stress vanished. With temperature higher than 300 °C,instantaneous LTEC showed hysteresis, which should result from the redistribution of some residual hydrogen in the Ti2Al20 Ca lattice.展开更多
Hepatic progenitor cells(HPCs)hold tremendous potential for liver regeneration,but their well-known limitation of proliferation hampers their broader use.There is evidence that laminin is required for the proliferatio...Hepatic progenitor cells(HPCs)hold tremendous potential for liver regeneration,but their well-known limitation of proliferation hampers their broader use.There is evidence that laminin is required for the proliferation of HPCs,but the laminin isoform that plays the dominant role and the key intracellular downstream targets that mediate the regulation of HPC proliferation have yet to be determined.Here we showed that p53 expression increased gradually and reached maximal levels around 8 days when lamininα4,α5,β2,β1,andγ1 subunit levels also reached a maximum during HPC activation and expansion.Laminin-521(LN-521)promoted greater proliferation of HPCs than do laminin,matrigel or other laminin isoforms.Inactivation of p53 by PFT-αor Ad-p53^(V143A) inhibited the promotion of proliferation by LN-521.Further complementary MRI and bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that p53 inactivation decreased the proliferation of transplanted HPCs in vivo.p53 was activated by LN-521 through the Integrinα6β1/FAK-Src-Paxillin/Akt axis.Activated p53 was involved in the nuclear translocation of CDK4 and inactivation of Rb by inducing p27^(Kip1).Taken together,this study identifies LN-521 as an ideal candidate substrate for HPC culture and uncovers an unexpected positive role for p53 in regulating proliferation of HPCs,which makes it a potential target for HPC-based regenerative medicine.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4600302)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY-23-011).
文摘Custom 465(C465)is a martensitic stainless steel known for its high strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance,widely used in aerospace,automotive,and medical industries.However,limited work has been conducted on its additive manufacturing(AM)and no dedicated heat treatments have been developed for additively manufactured C465 to optimize its strength-ductility trade-off.In this work,the C465 was fabricated via laser powder bed fusion.The effect of hot isostatic pressing,solid solution,cryogenic treatment(−78.5℃),and aging on the composition homogenization,austenite-to-martensite transition,and Ni_(3)Ti precipitation were systemically investigated.The atom probe tomography analysis reveals that Mo atoms accumulate on Ni_(3)Ti precipitate surfaces and inhibits the Ni_(3)Ti growth,con-tributing to the enhanced strength of C465.The modified heat treatment for additively manufactured C465 reaches comparable tensile strength with the wrought counterpart,yielding an ultimate tensile strength of 1773 MPa,yield strength of 1686 MPa,and elongation of 6.5%.A yield strength calculation model was proposed and validated with measured strength under various heat treatments,providing valuable insight for heat treatment design towards diverse industrial applications.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. Z20J00105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82272627)。
文摘Objective: Immunotherapeutic outcomes and clinical characteristics of claudin 18 isoform 2 positive(CLDN18.2-positive) gastric cancer(GC) vary in different clinical studies, making it difficult to optimize antiCLDN18.2 therapy. We conducted a retrospective analysis to explore the association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapeutic outcomes in GC.Methods: A total of 536 advanced GC patients from 2019 to 2021 in the CT041-CG4006 and CT041-ST-01clinical trials were included in the analysis. CLDN18.2 expression on ≥40% of tumor cells(2+, 40%) and CLDN18.2 expression on ≥70% of tumor cells(2+, 70%) were considered the two levels of positively expressed GC. The clinicopathological characteristics and immunotherapy outcomes of GC patients were analyzed according to CLDN18.2 expression status.Results: CLDN18.2 was expressed in 57.6%(cut-off: 2+, 40%) and 48.9%(cut-off: 2+, 70%) of patients.Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) and CLDN18.2 were co-expressed in 19.8% [combined positive score(CPS)≥1, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 40%)] and 17.2% [CPS≥5, CLDN18.2(cut-off: 2+, 70%)] of patients.CLDN18.2 expression positively correlated with younger age, female sex, non-gastroesophageal junction(nonGEJ), and diffuse phenotype(P<0.001). HER2 and PD-L1 expression were significantly lower in CLDN18.2-positive GC(both P<0.05). Uterine adnexa metastasis(P<0.001) was more frequent and liver metastasis(P<0.001)was less common in CLDN18.2-positive GC. Overall survival and immunotherapy-related progression-free survival(ir PFS) were inferior in the CLDN18.2-positive group.Conclusions: CLDN18.2-positive GC is associated with poor prognosis and worse immunotherapeutic outcomes. The combination of anti-CLDN18.2 therapy, anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy, and chemotherapy for GC requires further investigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21603064,52102214)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20202BABL203026,20212BAB203001,20202BABL214016)College Student Innovation and Enterprise Programme of Jiangxi Province(S202310405010)provided funding for this study.
文摘It is quite important to ensure the safety and sustainable development of nuclear energy for the treatment of radioactive wastewater. To treat radioactive wastewater efficiently and rapidly, two multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers(diethylenetriamine β-cyclodextrin polymer(DETA-TFCDP) and triethylenetetramine β-cyclodextrin polymer(TETA-TFCDP)) were prepared and applied to capture uranium. Results exhibited that DETA-TFCDP and TETA-TFCDP displayed the advantages of high adsorption amounts(612.2and 628.2 mg·g-1, respectively) and rapid adsorption rates, which can reach(88 ± 1)% of their equilibrium adsorption amounts in 10 min. Moreover, the adsorbent processes of DETA-TFCDP and TETATFCDP on uranium(Ⅵ) followed the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, stating they were mainly chemisorption and self-endothermic. Besides, TETA-TFCDP also showed excellent selectivity in the presence of seven competing cations and could be effectively reused five times via Na2CO3as the desorption reagent. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrated that the enriched multi-amine groups and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of TETA-TFCDP were the main active sites for capturing uranium(Ⅵ). Hence, multi-amine β-cyclodextrin polymers are a highly efficient, rapid, and promising adsorbent for capturing uranium(Ⅵ)from radioactive wastewater.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.2023YFE0202000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52102213)Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(grant No.20230101128JC).
文摘The demand for large-scale energy storage is increasing due to the decreasing non-renewable resources and deteriorating environmental pollution.Developing rechargeable batteries with high energy density and long cycle performance is an ideal choice to meet the demand of energy storage system.The development of excellent electrode particles is of great significance in the commercialization of nextgeneration batteries.The ideal electrode particles should balance raw material reserves,electrochemical performance,price and environmental protection.Among them,the development of electrode particulate materials with excellent electrochemical properties is the top priority at present.In this review,the typical researches of electrode materials are summarized in terms of crystal structure,morphology,pore structure,surface and interface regulation.Firstly,the structural characteristics and improvement methods of transition metal oxides,polyanionic compounds,Prussian blue and their analogues are introduced.Then,the different effects of particulate morphology,pore,surface and interface structure on the performance of electrode materials are discussed.For designing high-performance electrode materials,preparation route should be set according to the particle properties of the materials and the synergistic effect of various optimization methods should be adopted.At the same time,in addition to the electrode materials,other components of the rechargeable batteries,such as current collector,separator and electrolytes,should be optimized to improve the overall performance of the batteries.This review would provide important guiding principle for designing high-performance electrode particulate materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171381 and 62201445).
文摘Deep neural networks(DNNs)have found widespread applications in interpreting remote sensing(RS)imagery.However,it has been demonstrated in previous works that DNNs are susceptible and vulnerable to different types of noises,particularly adversarial noises.Surprisingly,there has been a lack of comprehensive studies on the robustness of RS tasks,prompting us to undertake a thorough survey and benchmark on the robustness of DNNs in RS.This manuscript conducts a comprehensive study of both the natural robustness and adversarial robustness of DNNs in RS tasks.Specifically,we systematically and extensively survey the robustness of DNNs from various perspectives such as noise type,attack domain,and attacker’s knowledge,encompassing typical applications such as object detection and image classification.Building upon this foundation,we further develop a rigorous benchmark for testing the robustness of DNN-based models,which entails the construction of noised datasets,robustness testing,and evaluation.Under the proposed benchmark,we perform a meticulous and systematic examination of the robustness of typical deep learning algorithms in the context of object detection and image classification applications.Through comprehensive survey and benchmark,we uncover insightful and intriguing findings,which shed light on the relationship between adversarial noise crafting and model training,yielding a deeper understanding of the susceptibility and limitations of various DNN-based models,and providing guidance for the development of more resilient and robust models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90916026)
文摘Low-density closed-cell aluminum foam is promising to be used as load-bearing and thermal insulation components. It is necessary to systematically study its thermal expansion performance. In this work, linear thermal expansion coefficient(LTEC) of the closed-cell aluminum foam of different density was measured in the temperature range of 100–500 °C. X-ray fluorescence was used to analyze elemental composition of the cell wall material. Phase transition characteristics were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. LTEC of the closed-cell aluminum foam was found to be dominated by its cell wall property and independent of its density. Particularly, two anomalies were found and experimentally analyzed. Due to the release of the residual tensile stress, the LTEC declined and even exhibited negative values. After several thermal cycles, the residual stress vanished. With temperature higher than 300 °C,instantaneous LTEC showed hysteresis, which should result from the redistribution of some residual hydrogen in the Ti2Al20 Ca lattice.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81200314,81572855)the State Key Project on Infection Diseases of China(2018ZX10723204-003)+1 种基金the Youth Incubation Fund of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital(No.ZYYFY2018017)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project.
文摘Hepatic progenitor cells(HPCs)hold tremendous potential for liver regeneration,but their well-known limitation of proliferation hampers their broader use.There is evidence that laminin is required for the proliferation of HPCs,but the laminin isoform that plays the dominant role and the key intracellular downstream targets that mediate the regulation of HPC proliferation have yet to be determined.Here we showed that p53 expression increased gradually and reached maximal levels around 8 days when lamininα4,α5,β2,β1,andγ1 subunit levels also reached a maximum during HPC activation and expansion.Laminin-521(LN-521)promoted greater proliferation of HPCs than do laminin,matrigel or other laminin isoforms.Inactivation of p53 by PFT-αor Ad-p53^(V143A) inhibited the promotion of proliferation by LN-521.Further complementary MRI and bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that p53 inactivation decreased the proliferation of transplanted HPCs in vivo.p53 was activated by LN-521 through the Integrinα6β1/FAK-Src-Paxillin/Akt axis.Activated p53 was involved in the nuclear translocation of CDK4 and inactivation of Rb by inducing p27^(Kip1).Taken together,this study identifies LN-521 as an ideal candidate substrate for HPC culture and uncovers an unexpected positive role for p53 in regulating proliferation of HPCs,which makes it a potential target for HPC-based regenerative medicine.
