Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.D...Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.Direct manufacturing often leads to high internal surface roughness,which traditional finishing and measuring methods cannot adequately address due to the decreasing size and increasing complexity of internal structures.This is especially true for components like pipes with large aspect ratios,extremely small deep holes,multi-stage bends,cross pipes,and array holes.To meet the high-performance manufacturing demands of these parts,advanced internal surface finishing and roughness measurement technologies have gained significant attention.This review focuses on the challenges and solutions related to internal surface parts with various apertures and complex structures.Internal surface finishing methods are categorized into mechanical finishing,fluid-based finishing,and energy-field-based finishing based on their characteristics.Roughness measurement technologies are divided into tool-probing and non-probing methods.The principles,required equipment,and key parameters of each finishing and measurement approach are discussed in detail.Additionally,the advantages and limitations of these methods are summarized,and future trends are forecasted.This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and engineers aiming to enhance the internal surface quality of complex structure parts.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To study the side effects and therapeutic results of autologous cytokine-induced killer （CIK） cell treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS CIK cells were induced and cultured us...OBJECTIVE To study the side effects and therapeutic results of autologous cytokine-induced killer （CIK） cell treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS CIK cells were induced and cultured using biotechnics in vitro, and then the cells were infused back into the patients. Sixty elderly gastric cancer patients treated by chemotherapy （FOLFOX4 protocol） were followed-up. Among them, 29 patients were treated with CIK cells during application of chemotherapy. Short-term curative effects and adverse events from the CIK transfusion and chemotherapy were observed. RESULTS Eight cases developed partial remission （PR）, 9 cases moderate remission （MR）, 7 cases stable disease （SD） and 5 cases progressive disease （PD）. Out of a total of 29 patients who received chemotherapy combined with autologous CIK therapy, the total remission rate （PR ＋ MR） was 58.6%. The total remission rate following chemotherapy alone was 45.2%, including 5 PR cases, 9 MR cases, 7 SD cases, and 10 PD cases. There was a relatively lower rate of severe chemotherapic toxicities in the CIK-cell transfusion group. Side effects of autologous CIK transfusion included chills （13 cases）, fever （9 cases）, nausea and vomiting （1 case） and general malaise （3 cases）. Side effects were treated with conventional therapy resulting in their amelioration. No patients developed shock, blood capillary leakage syndrome, or abnormalities in routine blood, urine, liver and renal function tests.CONCLUSION Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous CIK cells may decrease the clinical signs and symptoms of elderly patients who suffer from advanced gastric cancer. Adverse reactions of patients can be alleviated by conventional therapy. Autologous CIK-cell transfusion may improve endurance to chemotherapy.展开更多
This paper studies a deconvolved Chebyshev beamforming(Dcv-Che-BF)method.Compared with other deconvolution beamforming methods,Dcv-Che-BF can preset sidelobe levels according to the actual situation,which can achieve ...This paper studies a deconvolved Chebyshev beamforming(Dcv-Che-BF)method.Compared with other deconvolution beamforming methods,Dcv-Che-BF can preset sidelobe levels according to the actual situation,which can achieve higher resolution performance.However,the performance of Dcv-Che-BF was not necessarily better with a lower preset sidelobe level in the presence of noise.Instead,it was much better when the preset side lobe level matched the signal to noise ratio of the signal.The performance of the Dcv-Che-BF method with different preset sidelobe levels was analyzed using simulation.The Dcv-Che-BF method achieved a lower sidelobe level and better resolution capability when the preset sidelobe level was slightly greater than the noise background level.To validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed method,computer simulations and sea trials were analyzed.The results show that the Dcv-Che-BF method is a robust high-resolution beamforming method that can achieve a narrow mainlobe and low sidelobe.展开更多
The Huainan Salt Area was the most essential salt production and trade base in ancient China.The government had strict control over the essential tax source region and left behind numerous offlcial documents.However,w...The Huainan Salt Area was the most essential salt production and trade base in ancient China.The government had strict control over the essential tax source region and left behind numerous offlcial documents.However,when comparing with the modern surveying maps,we found that the boundaries between salt districts were unclear,which was obviously contradictory to the principle of independence between salt districts in offlcial documents.Therefore,this study used the 1920s'historical map of the Huainan Area to extract vector data such as the canal and road networks and the location of salt settlements,and then used space syntax to describe the transportation network morphology and settlement distribution structure to respond to the contradictions with higher precision.It was found that at a 2000 m×2000 m raster resolution,the measurements of the canal network were well correlated(p=0.645,r=30,000)with the salt settlement distribution.Moreover,the canal network was closer to a network-like than a tree-like structure,and vertical linkage emerged.The“government-supervised and merchant-managed”policy implemented in the Qing dynasty played an essential role,and it caused a big difference in the understanding of the salt industry system between folks and offlcials.展开更多
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3403301)the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52311530080)。
文摘Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.Direct manufacturing often leads to high internal surface roughness,which traditional finishing and measuring methods cannot adequately address due to the decreasing size and increasing complexity of internal structures.This is especially true for components like pipes with large aspect ratios,extremely small deep holes,multi-stage bends,cross pipes,and array holes.To meet the high-performance manufacturing demands of these parts,advanced internal surface finishing and roughness measurement technologies have gained significant attention.This review focuses on the challenges and solutions related to internal surface parts with various apertures and complex structures.Internal surface finishing methods are categorized into mechanical finishing,fluid-based finishing,and energy-field-based finishing based on their characteristics.Roughness measurement technologies are divided into tool-probing and non-probing methods.The principles,required equipment,and key parameters of each finishing and measurement approach are discussed in detail.Additionally,the advantages and limitations of these methods are summarized,and future trends are forecasted.This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and engineers aiming to enhance the internal surface quality of complex structure parts.
文摘OBJECTIVE To study the side effects and therapeutic results of autologous cytokine-induced killer （CIK） cell treatment in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS CIK cells were induced and cultured using biotechnics in vitro, and then the cells were infused back into the patients. Sixty elderly gastric cancer patients treated by chemotherapy （FOLFOX4 protocol） were followed-up. Among them, 29 patients were treated with CIK cells during application of chemotherapy. Short-term curative effects and adverse events from the CIK transfusion and chemotherapy were observed. RESULTS Eight cases developed partial remission （PR）, 9 cases moderate remission （MR）, 7 cases stable disease （SD） and 5 cases progressive disease （PD）. Out of a total of 29 patients who received chemotherapy combined with autologous CIK therapy, the total remission rate （PR ＋ MR） was 58.6%. The total remission rate following chemotherapy alone was 45.2%, including 5 PR cases, 9 MR cases, 7 SD cases, and 10 PD cases. There was a relatively lower rate of severe chemotherapic toxicities in the CIK-cell transfusion group. Side effects of autologous CIK transfusion included chills （13 cases）, fever （9 cases）, nausea and vomiting （1 case） and general malaise （3 cases）. Side effects were treated with conventional therapy resulting in their amelioration. No patients developed shock, blood capillary leakage syndrome, or abnormalities in routine blood, urine, liver and renal function tests.CONCLUSION Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous CIK cells may decrease the clinical signs and symptoms of elderly patients who suffer from advanced gastric cancer. Adverse reactions of patients can be alleviated by conventional therapy. Autologous CIK-cell transfusion may improve endurance to chemotherapy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61801140.
文摘This paper studies a deconvolved Chebyshev beamforming(Dcv-Che-BF)method.Compared with other deconvolution beamforming methods,Dcv-Che-BF can preset sidelobe levels according to the actual situation,which can achieve higher resolution performance.However,the performance of Dcv-Che-BF was not necessarily better with a lower preset sidelobe level in the presence of noise.Instead,it was much better when the preset side lobe level matched the signal to noise ratio of the signal.The performance of the Dcv-Che-BF method with different preset sidelobe levels was analyzed using simulation.The Dcv-Che-BF method achieved a lower sidelobe level and better resolution capability when the preset sidelobe level was slightly greater than the noise background level.To validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed method,computer simulations and sea trials were analyzed.The results show that the Dcv-Che-BF method is a robust high-resolution beamforming method that can achieve a narrow mainlobe and low sidelobe.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52178010,51678129)the Open Fund of Technology Innovation Center for Cultural Heritage Conservation and Regeneration of National Territory Space,Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.20240401)。
文摘The Huainan Salt Area was the most essential salt production and trade base in ancient China.The government had strict control over the essential tax source region and left behind numerous offlcial documents.However,when comparing with the modern surveying maps,we found that the boundaries between salt districts were unclear,which was obviously contradictory to the principle of independence between salt districts in offlcial documents.Therefore,this study used the 1920s'historical map of the Huainan Area to extract vector data such as the canal and road networks and the location of salt settlements,and then used space syntax to describe the transportation network morphology and settlement distribution structure to respond to the contradictions with higher precision.It was found that at a 2000 m×2000 m raster resolution,the measurements of the canal network were well correlated(p=0.645,r=30,000)with the salt settlement distribution.Moreover,the canal network was closer to a network-like than a tree-like structure,and vertical linkage emerged.The“government-supervised and merchant-managed”policy implemented in the Qing dynasty played an essential role,and it caused a big difference in the understanding of the salt industry system between folks and offlcials.
