Objective:Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge with substantial disparities between countries.High-quality colposcopy is essential for cervical cancer prevention,yet training opportunities remain inadequa...Objective:Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge with substantial disparities between countries.High-quality colposcopy is essential for cervical cancer prevention,yet training opportunities remain inadequate worldwide.We developed the Intelligent Digital Education Tool for Colposcopy(iDECO)to address training gaps and evaluated the effect across diverse international settings.Methods:Six pre-post interventional training programmes were conducted in China,Mexico,and Mongolia from December 2024 to May 2025.A total of 369 trainees from 87 centers participated in a 3-week online training programme using iDECO,a bilingual webbased platform featuring authentic colposcopy cases,gamified learning pathways,and personalized analytics.The primary outcomes included colposcopy competence in general assessment,colposcopic findings,diagnostic accuracy,and management decisions.The secondary outcomes focused on participant feedback and satisfaction.Results:Of 369 participants who completed pretests,333(90.24%)completed post-training assessments.Significant improvements were observed across all competency domains.Diagnostic accuracy increased with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.72(95%CI:1.60±1.86)with the greatest gains in high-grade lesion identification[OR=2.27(95%CI:1.94±2.64)].Squamocolumnar junction visibility and transformation zone type assessments improved with ORs of 1.41(95%CI:1.31±1.51)and 1.87(95%CI:1.73±2.01),respectively.Biopsy decision-making accuracy also showed significant improvement[OR=2.09(95%CI:1.91±2.29)].International participants showed lower baseline performance but achieved the greatest improvements.Greater than 85%of participants rated the training highly satisfactory and 83.56%preferred intelligent training over traditional methods.Conclusions:iDECO-based training significantly improved colposcopy competence across diverse international settings with high user satisfaction.These findings support the potential for worldwide implementation of intelligent digital training tools to address colposcopy training gaps and contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer.展开更多
Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rat...Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rates,CIN2+detection,colposcopy follow-up,and CIN2+management.Methods:A multi-county pre-post observational study was conducted in six rural counties in Shanxi,Yunnan,and Sichuan Provinces(2021±2024),encompassing 153,978 encounters.The digital platform integrates OCR identity capture,deterministic One-ID linkage,and real-time duplicate alerts.Over-screening proportions before and after digital deployment were compared,changes in CIN2+detection rate were evaluated,and colposcopy follow-up and CIN2+management were assessed.Differences were tested withχ2 or Fisher's exact tests.Results:Among 153,978 encounters,the proportion of over-screening decreased from 12.64%in 2023 to 0.17%in 2024 with an absolute reduction of 12.17%(95%CI:11.94±12.40;P<0.001).The share of women receiving a first screening within the preceding 3 y increased from 78.3%to 88.2%(P<0.001).Colposcopy completion improved from 64.1%to 84.9%.The CIN2+detection rate rose from 0.35%(2021±2023 pooled)to 0.67%in 2024(P<0.001)and CIN2+management completion increased from 56.0%to 76.2%(95%CI:13.3±27.2;P<0.001).These improvements were consistent across age groups,counties,and screening strategies.Conclusions:The OCR-enabled One-ID platform substantially reduced over-screening,increased CIN2+detection rate,and strengthened case follow-up/management,particularly where baseline tracking was weak,supporting scalable digital reinforcement of rural screening programmes.展开更多
Conventional high-strength Mg-RE-based wrought alloys usually contain a high amount of RE solutes,which largely increases the alloy cost and thus restricts their adoptions.In this work,we developed a low-RE-containing...Conventional high-strength Mg-RE-based wrought alloys usually contain a high amount of RE solutes,which largely increases the alloy cost and thus restricts their adoptions.In this work,we developed a low-RE-containing Mg-3Sm-1Nd-0.6Zn-0.4Zr alloy by hot extrusion with low extrusion ratio,which shows a high tensile yield strength(TYS)of 435 MPa and a satisfactory elongation of 5.6%at room temperature,outperforming most Mg-Gd-Y-based extrusion alloys with RE contents of 12 wt%at least.Outstanding high-temperature strength,such as the TYS of 280 MPa at 200℃ and 251 MPa at 250℃,is also obtained in this alloy.The alloy presented a typical bimodal grain structure including coarse hot-worked grains with a strong texture and fine recrystallized grains with random orientations.Also,abundant Mg3RE particles were mostly introduced in hot-worked grains and at recrystallized grain boundaries by dynamic precipitation during extrusion.Consequently,the high strength of this alloy is principally attributed to the combined hardening effect of numerous Mg_(3)RE particles,fine recrystallized grains,and strongly textural hot-worked grains,rather than the ultra-strong age-hardening effect in traditional high RE-alloyed Mg alloys.展开更多
In this study,a detailed analysis of the combustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was conducted.This research included quantitative mea...In this study,a detailed analysis of the combustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was conducted.This research included quantitative measurements of the combustion duration,flame height,combustion temperature,heat release rate,and total heat release.The results indicated that LMO batteries exhibited higher combustion temperatures of 600–700°C,flame heights of 70–75 cm,a significantly higher heat release rate of40.1 k W(12 Ah),and a total heat release of 1.04 MJ(12 Ah)compared to LFP batteries with the same capacity.Based on these experimental results,a normalized total heat release(NORTHR)parameter was proposed,demonstrating good universality for batteries with different capacities.Utilizing this parameter,quantitative calculations and optimization of the extinguishing agent dosage were conducted for fires involving these two types of batteries,and the method was validated by extinguishing fires for these two types of battery packs with water-based extinguishing fluids.展开更多
Caking of products is a common and undesired phenomenon in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and fertilizer industries which leads to extra cost and irregular quality. In general, caking processes could be identified as...Caking of products is a common and undesired phenomenon in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and fertilizer industries which leads to extra cost and irregular quality. In general, caking processes could be identified as amorphous caking or humidity caking. In this review, history of studying caking, formation, methods, and prospects of these two caking processes are summarized and discussed. The relevant studies from the 1920 s to today are mentioned briefly. According to the different properties(i.e. hygrocapacity, hygrosensitivity, mechanical properties, and diffusion behavior) of amorphous powders and crystals, the conditions and mechanisms of amorphous and humidity caking are discussed. It is summarized that glass transition, moisture sorption, quantitative methods characterizing caking, accelerated caking tests, and simulation of caking behaviors are the main aspects that should be studied for a caking process. The methods for these five aspects are reviewed. Potential research points are proposed including caking of mixed particles, caking with phase transition or polymorph transition,non-homogenous caking, and simulation of caking.展开更多
Rechargeable room temperature sodium–sulfur(RT Na–S)batteries are seriously limited by low sulfur utilization and sluggish electrochemical reaction activity of polysulfide intermediates.Herein,a 3D“branch-leaf”bio...Rechargeable room temperature sodium–sulfur(RT Na–S)batteries are seriously limited by low sulfur utilization and sluggish electrochemical reaction activity of polysulfide intermediates.Herein,a 3D“branch-leaf”biomimetic design proposed for high performance Na–S batteries,where the leaves constructed from Co nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers(CNF)are fully to expose the active sites of Co.The CNF network acts as conductive“branches”to ensure adequate electron and electrolyte supply for the Co leaves.As an effective electrocatalytic battery system,the 3D“branch-leaf”conductive network with abundant active sites and voids can effectively trap polysulfides and provide plentiful electron/ions pathways for electrochemical reaction.DFT calculation reveals that the Co nanoparticles can induce the formation of a unique Co–S–Na molecular layer on the Co surface,which can enable a fast reduction reaction of the polysulfides.Therefore,the prepared“branch-leaf”CNF-L@Co/S electrode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 1201 mAh g^−1 at 0.1 C and superior rate performance.展开更多
Metasurfaces that can realize the polarization manipulation of electromagnetic waves on the sub-wavelength scale have become an emerging research field.Here,a novel strategy of combining the metasurface and Fresnel zo...Metasurfaces that can realize the polarization manipulation of electromagnetic waves on the sub-wavelength scale have become an emerging research field.Here,a novel strategy of combining the metasurface and Fresnel zone plate to form a metasurface zone plate is proposed to realize the conversion from nearly arbitrary polarizations to a fixed polarization.Specifically,when one polarized wave is incident on adjacent ring zones constructed by different types of meta-atoms,the transmitted waves generated by odd-numbered and even-numbered ring zones converge at the same focus and superimpose to generate a fixed polarized wave.As function demonstrations,we have designed two types of metasurface zone plates:one is a focused linear polarizer,and the other can convert nearly arbitrary polarized waves into focused circularly polarized waves.The simulated and measured results are consistent with theoretical expectations,suggesting that the proposed concept is flexible and feasible.Our work provides an alternative platform for polarization manipulation and may vigorously promote the development of polarization photonic devices.展开更多
Objective:To understand the evolutionary relationship of NCED3 in Glycyrrhiza L.and find genetic evidence of its local adaptation.Meanwhile,lay the foundation for relieving the demand and subsequent starvation of Glyc...Objective:To understand the evolutionary relationship of NCED3 in Glycyrrhiza L.and find genetic evidence of its local adaptation.Meanwhile,lay the foundation for relieving the demand and subsequent starvation of Glycyrrhiza resources.Methods:NCED3 were isolated from six species of Glycyrrhiza L.by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and a homology cloning strategy.The basic properties and evolutionary relationships of NCED3 were analyzed by bioinformatics.Results:Six NCED3 genes formed two clusters;they were under purifying selection and were highly conserved in evolution (Ka/Ks≤).There was very little functional divergence among the NCED3s (Alpha value 0.071).The contents of ABA in the six species were divided into two groups.Conclusion:This study provides the first analysis of the evolution of NCED3s in six species of Glycyrrhiza.Six NCED3 genes were slow evolutionary rates in six NCED3s.Different genetic relationships to Glycyrrhiza adapted to various environments.The changes in ABA content were consistent with the evolution of NCED3.Whether there are direct relationships between NCED3 and environmental adaptation,the answer is uncertain,and we hope to show more positive results in the further study of NCED3 in Glycyrrhiza L.展开更多
A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes ...A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes and 50μm Li anodes.Termed“CETHER-3,”this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI,LiDFOB,and LiBF4 with 5 vol%fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Commer-cial carbonate and state-of-the-art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines.With CETHER-3,the electrochemical performance of the full-cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high-voltage cycling stability.For example,LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)-Li metal cells retain 80%capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut-off and 83%capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut-off(charge at C/5,discharge at C/2).According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics,this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li^(+)and the solvent/salt molecules.Combining advanced microscopy(high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy)and surface science(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy),it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are formed.The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide(Li_(2)SO_(3)),while the SEI is rich in Li_(3)N and LiF.During cycling,the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R-3m layered near-surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.展开更多
This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential expla...This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential explanations for the contrast between the performance of L2 speakers and native controls were considered.The first of which was that L2 speakers’ phonological forms are activated before selection of syntactic frame occurred,whereas the reverse is true for native speakers.The second explanation posits that the organisation of the speech production procedure is fundamentally similar in native and L2 speakers,and the disparity in performance arises from difference in the levels of activation of stored items.The results of the present experiment suggest that lemma selection is indeed what drives syntactic frame selection.However,lemmas in L2 speakers can be primed through a chain of connections demonstrated as:L2 phonological form →L1 phonological form → L1 lemma.展开更多
Carbamazepine(CBZ)is an anticonvulsant with very low water solubility,presenting as a white crystalline powder with poor mechanical properties and is hard to bend.To enhance CBZ's physicochemical properties,such a...Carbamazepine(CBZ)is an anticonvulsant with very low water solubility,presenting as a white crystalline powder with poor mechanical properties and is hard to bend.To enhance CBZ's physicochemical properties,such as water solubility and mechanical properties,we selected six cocrystal coformers(CCFs):nicotinamide(NIC),benzamide(BZM),salicylic acid(SCA),fumaric acid(FMA),trimesic acid(TMA),and hesperetin(HPE).Six CBZ cocrystals were successfully prepared using the solution method.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and single crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)were used to characterize the crystal structures and gain comprehensive insights into the six cocrystals.The mechanical,fluorescence,and solubility properties of the six cocrystals were tested.The results reveal that most of the prepared cocrystals exhibit improved water solubility and mechanical properties when compared to CBZ.Among them,the dissolution rate of cocrystals excluded from CBZ-HPE has increased by an average of 3 or 4 times compared to CBZ,while CBZ-HPE exhibits superior mechanical properties.Moreover,all six cocrystals possess better fluorescence performance than CBZ.We thoroughly evaluated the mechanical properties of the cocrystals through both experimental and theoretical approaches.This work provides a new direction for studying drug cocrystals to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs.展开更多
Regarding sugar and salt crystallization with large single crystals,the agglomerate thermodynamics and geometric morphologies,not the dynamics,dominate the particle size distribution(PSD).To consider this issue,a PSD ...Regarding sugar and salt crystallization with large single crystals,the agglomerate thermodynamics and geometric morphologies,not the dynamics,dominate the particle size distribution(PSD).To consider this issue,a PSD design model is proposed for limited large crystal agglomeration.In this model,the agglomeration thermodynamic criticality is determined by estimating the adhesion and dispersion forces between single crystals.The geometric agglomerate morphologies are described by corresponding single crystal units stacking with porosity.By seed well-controlled of population,the key parameters of PSD(D01,D50 and D99)are precisely designed.For erythritol,the model design accuracies are 92%–99%in the 1.2 L and 10 L crystallizers,indicating that it can design PSD at various crystallization scales.Concerning the general research attention to microcrystal agglomeration kinetics(mostly active pharmaceutical ingredients),this model effectively guides the sugar and salt PSD design with limited large crystal agglomeration.展开更多
Crystal caking is a decisive factor affecting the quality of high-end fine chemicals,whereas lack of shape-to-caking understanding results in considerable waste of time,severely delaying high-end fine chemical develop...Crystal caking is a decisive factor affecting the quality of high-end fine chemicals,whereas lack of shape-to-caking understanding results in considerable waste of time,severely delaying high-end fine chemical development.On this basis,a morphology-based caking evaluation model is developed with 74%and 96%time savings compared to previous modeling and non-modeling experiments,respectively,while guaranteeing superior accuracy.The crystal morphology is expressed as a function of the aspect ratio and the particle size distribution.The quantitative relationships between these parameters and the caking tendency are deduced,firstly achieving morphology anti-caking criterion establishment.For D-allulose crystals,considering humidity,and particle size,an aspect ratio is below 3 is the standard for combating caking,which has not been reported previously.Herein,the specific effect of crystal morphology on caking behavior is quantitatively described.The knowledge obtained can be applied to rapidly and quantitatively design anti-caking storage systems for products in warehouses.展开更多
This paper explores the possibility of realizing a hollow-core optical fiber, whose cladding is composed of cylindrical alternating layers of air and high-index material with supporting structure. The optical properti...This paper explores the possibility of realizing a hollow-core optical fiber, whose cladding is composed of cylindrical alternating layers of air and high-index material with supporting structure. The optical properties and the design criteria of the proposed fiber are evaluated by the compact two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In particular, the influence of the number and width of supporting strips on the leakage loss of the fiber is investigated. Furthermore, the mechanical performances of the fiber are estimated by finite-element method, confirming that hollow-core fibers with a reasonable size and number of supporting strips are reliable.展开更多
Phase-modulated metasurfaces that can implement the independent manipulation of co-and cross-polarized output waves under circularly polarized[CP]incidence have been proposed.With this,we introduce one particular meta...Phase-modulated metasurfaces that can implement the independent manipulation of co-and cross-polarized output waves under circularly polarized[CP]incidence have been proposed.With this,we introduce one particular metasurface composed of meta-atoms with a phase difference of 2π/3 to generate specific elliptically polarized waves under various polarized incidences.Furthermore,a metasurface composed of these above meta-atoms and the meta-atoms with a phase difference of π/3 arranged in a certain rule can realize polarization conversion function between linearly polarized and CP states.The designs shed new light on multifarious optical devices and may further promote the development of metasurface polarization optics.展开更多
The copper-based catalysts have been generally regarded as high-performance catalysts for CO_2 hydrogenation toward methanol,while the production of ethanol via C–C coupling on the copper-based catalysts is still cha...The copper-based catalysts have been generally regarded as high-performance catalysts for CO_2 hydrogenation toward methanol,while the production of ethanol via C–C coupling on the copper-based catalysts is still challenging.Herein,we report a new catalyst where Cu nanoparticles are embedded in the carbon support with abundant defect sites,achieving a high selectivity for ethanol in the CO_2 hydrogenation.The experiments coupled with the theoretical studies show a clear map where carbon defects serve as anchor sites that can stabilize interfacial copper species,and interfacial Cu sites with low coordination numbers can adsorb two C_1 species and later convert them to a C_2 species via a hydrogenation-induced coupling reaction.Further adjacent Cu atoms of interfacial Cu sites can facilitate OH reduction reactions via the Cu–Cu bridge adsorption to assist the formation of ethanol.Especially,those specific active sites easily disappear in the reducing conditions and during the reaction,the major product can transform from ethanol to methanol.展开更多
With the outbreak of COVID-19,disinfection protection has become a necessary measure to prevent infection.As a new type of disinfectant,potassium peroxymonosulfate compound salt(PMS)has the advantages of good bacteric...With the outbreak of COVID-19,disinfection protection has become a necessary measure to prevent infection.As a new type of disinfectant,potassium peroxymonosulfate compound salt(PMS)has the advantages of good bactericidal effect,non-toxicity,high safety and stability.However,the current PMS products with irregular particle shapes lead to poor flowability,high hygroscopicity,poor stability of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and serious caking problems.In this work,an agglomeration-dissolution mechanism was designed to prepare spherical PMS particles with large size(>300μm)and high sphericity(up to 90%),effectively addressing the above problems.Shaping(dissolution and abrasion)is the key to improving sphericity,which is mainly controlled by the design of the heating mode,residence time and stirring rate.Compared with the irregular PMS particles,the large spherical particles present better flowability(angle of repose decreased by 35.80%,Carr's index decreased by 64.29%,Hausner's ratio decreased by 19.14%),lower hygroscopicity(decreased by 38.0%),lower caking ratio(decreased by 84.50%),and higher stability(the monthly loss of ROS was reduced by 61.68%).The agglomeration-dissolution mechanism demonstrates the crystallization,agglomeration,dissolution and abrasion process of inorganic salt crystals,providing an opportunity to prepare high-end inorganic crystal materials with high-quality morphologies.展开更多
It remains elusive to realize the distinct catalysis of isomeric catalysts because it becomes challenging to identify structural isomers in the polydisperse nanoparticles.Herein we investigate catalysis of two geometr...It remains elusive to realize the distinct catalysis of isomeric catalysts because it becomes challenging to identify structural isomers in the polydisperse nanoparticles.Herein we investigate catalysis of two geometric isomers for 36-gold-atom nanoclusters with different Au cores arrangements but the same thiolate ligands,thereby providing access to isomer catalysts readily participate in a desired reaction.Compared to the Au_(36)(SR)_(24)with a one-dimensional(1D)layout of Au4 tetrahedral units,the Au_(36)(SR)_(24)with a two-dimensional(2D)layout of Au4 tetrahedral units is more effective for the intramolecular hydroamination of alkyne.Our study suggests that the exposed Au sties of the two Au_(36)(SR)_(24)catalysts favor different reaction intermediates and pathways.The intramolecular H transfer leads to intermediates with the C-N and with C=N for the 1D and 2D Au_(36)(SR)_(24)respectively,and hence the different on-site and off-site pathways for the successive reaction steps account for the different performances of the two Au_(36)(SR)_(24)catalysts.展开更多
Solubility has been widely regarded as a fundamental property of small molecule drugs and drug candidates,as it has a profound impact on the crystallization process.Solubility prediction,as an alternative to experimen...Solubility has been widely regarded as a fundamental property of small molecule drugs and drug candidates,as it has a profound impact on the crystallization process.Solubility prediction,as an alternative to experiments which can reduce waste and improve crystallization process efficiency,has attracted increasing attention.However,there are still many urgent challenges thus far.Herein we used seven descriptors based on understanding dissolution behavior to establish two solubility prediction models by machine learning algorithms.The solubility data of 120 active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)in ethanol were considered in the prediction models,which were constructed by random decision forests and artificial neural network with optimized data structure and model accuracy.Furthermore,a comparison with traditional prediction methods including the modified solubility equation and the quantitative structure-property relationships model was carried out.The highest accuracy shown by the testing set proves that the ML models have the best solubility prediction ability.Multiple linear regression and stepwise regression were used to further investigate the critical factor in determining solubility value.The results revealed that the API properties and the solute-solvent interaction both provide a nonnegligible contribution to the solubility value.展开更多
The optimization of catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation that is carried out in a traditional fixed-bed reactor predominantly focuses on pursuing various nanoparticles at the nanoscale.Much less is known about how heter...The optimization of catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation that is carried out in a traditional fixed-bed reactor predominantly focuses on pursuing various nanoparticles at the nanoscale.Much less is known about how heterogeneous catalysts can be exploited to precisely control the reaction pathways of CO_(2) conversion at the atomic level.展开更多
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2021-I2M-1-004)Tencent Sustainable Social Value Inclusive Health Lab and through the ChongQing Tencent Sustainable Development Foundation"Comprehensive Prevention and Control Demonstration Project for Eliminating Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer in Low Health Resource Areas of China"(Project No.SD20240904145730)+1 种基金Tencent Sustainable Social Value Inclusive Health Lab(Project No.SSVPJ202307060001)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(Project No.SZSM202211032)。
文摘Objective:Cervical cancer remains a global health challenge with substantial disparities between countries.High-quality colposcopy is essential for cervical cancer prevention,yet training opportunities remain inadequate worldwide.We developed the Intelligent Digital Education Tool for Colposcopy(iDECO)to address training gaps and evaluated the effect across diverse international settings.Methods:Six pre-post interventional training programmes were conducted in China,Mexico,and Mongolia from December 2024 to May 2025.A total of 369 trainees from 87 centers participated in a 3-week online training programme using iDECO,a bilingual webbased platform featuring authentic colposcopy cases,gamified learning pathways,and personalized analytics.The primary outcomes included colposcopy competence in general assessment,colposcopic findings,diagnostic accuracy,and management decisions.The secondary outcomes focused on participant feedback and satisfaction.Results:Of 369 participants who completed pretests,333(90.24%)completed post-training assessments.Significant improvements were observed across all competency domains.Diagnostic accuracy increased with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.72(95%CI:1.60±1.86)with the greatest gains in high-grade lesion identification[OR=2.27(95%CI:1.94±2.64)].Squamocolumnar junction visibility and transformation zone type assessments improved with ORs of 1.41(95%CI:1.31±1.51)and 1.87(95%CI:1.73±2.01),respectively.Biopsy decision-making accuracy also showed significant improvement[OR=2.09(95%CI:1.91±2.29)].International participants showed lower baseline performance but achieved the greatest improvements.Greater than 85%of participants rated the training highly satisfactory and 83.56%preferred intelligent training over traditional methods.Conclusions:iDECO-based training significantly improved colposcopy competence across diverse international settings with high user satisfaction.These findings support the potential for worldwide implementation of intelligent digital training tools to address colposcopy training gaps and contribute to the elimination of cervical cancer.
基金supported by the Chongqing Tencent Sustainable Development Foundation through the project"Comprehensive Prevention and Control Demonstration Project for Eliminating Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer in Low Health Resource Areas of China"(Project No.SD20240904145730)by the Tencent Sustainable Social Value(SSV)Inclusive Health Lab(Project No.SSVPJ202307060001)。
文摘Objective:To describe temporal changes associated with deployment of an optical character recognition(OCR)-enabled OneIdentity(One-ID)digital platform for rural cervical cancer screening,focusing on over-screening rates,CIN2+detection,colposcopy follow-up,and CIN2+management.Methods:A multi-county pre-post observational study was conducted in six rural counties in Shanxi,Yunnan,and Sichuan Provinces(2021±2024),encompassing 153,978 encounters.The digital platform integrates OCR identity capture,deterministic One-ID linkage,and real-time duplicate alerts.Over-screening proportions before and after digital deployment were compared,changes in CIN2+detection rate were evaluated,and colposcopy follow-up and CIN2+management were assessed.Differences were tested withχ2 or Fisher's exact tests.Results:Among 153,978 encounters,the proportion of over-screening decreased from 12.64%in 2023 to 0.17%in 2024 with an absolute reduction of 12.17%(95%CI:11.94±12.40;P<0.001).The share of women receiving a first screening within the preceding 3 y increased from 78.3%to 88.2%(P<0.001).Colposcopy completion improved from 64.1%to 84.9%.The CIN2+detection rate rose from 0.35%(2021±2023 pooled)to 0.67%in 2024(P<0.001)and CIN2+management completion increased from 56.0%to 76.2%(95%CI:13.3±27.2;P<0.001).These improvements were consistent across age groups,counties,and screening strategies.Conclusions:The OCR-enabled One-ID platform substantially reduced over-screening,increased CIN2+detection rate,and strengthened case follow-up/management,particularly where baseline tracking was weak,supporting scalable digital reinforcement of rural screening programmes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201111,52275389,and 52201137)the Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding(No.20232102)+1 种基金the Reward funds for excellent doctor of work in coming to Shanxi(No.20242068)the Special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of ShanxiProvince.
文摘Conventional high-strength Mg-RE-based wrought alloys usually contain a high amount of RE solutes,which largely increases the alloy cost and thus restricts their adoptions.In this work,we developed a low-RE-containing Mg-3Sm-1Nd-0.6Zn-0.4Zr alloy by hot extrusion with low extrusion ratio,which shows a high tensile yield strength(TYS)of 435 MPa and a satisfactory elongation of 5.6%at room temperature,outperforming most Mg-Gd-Y-based extrusion alloys with RE contents of 12 wt%at least.Outstanding high-temperature strength,such as the TYS of 280 MPa at 200℃ and 251 MPa at 250℃,is also obtained in this alloy.The alloy presented a typical bimodal grain structure including coarse hot-worked grains with a strong texture and fine recrystallized grains with random orientations.Also,abundant Mg3RE particles were mostly introduced in hot-worked grains and at recrystallized grain boundaries by dynamic precipitation during extrusion.Consequently,the high strength of this alloy is principally attributed to the combined hardening effect of numerous Mg_(3)RE particles,fine recrystallized grains,and strongly textural hot-worked grains,rather than the ultra-strong age-hardening effect in traditional high RE-alloyed Mg alloys.
基金supported by the New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Life Cycle Testing and Verification Public Service Platform Project[2022-235-224]the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project[Z221100005222004]+1 种基金the Key Technologies Research and Development Program[2021YFB2012504]the Beijing Goldenbridge Project[ZZ2023002]。
文摘In this study,a detailed analysis of the combustion behaviors of the lithium iron phosphate(LFP)and lithium manganese oxide(LMO)batteries used in electric bicycles was conducted.This research included quantitative measurements of the combustion duration,flame height,combustion temperature,heat release rate,and total heat release.The results indicated that LMO batteries exhibited higher combustion temperatures of 600–700°C,flame heights of 70–75 cm,a significantly higher heat release rate of40.1 k W(12 Ah),and a total heat release of 1.04 MJ(12 Ah)compared to LFP batteries with the same capacity.Based on these experimental results,a normalized total heat release(NORTHR)parameter was proposed,demonstrating good universality for batteries with different capacities.Utilizing this parameter,quantitative calculations and optimization of the extinguishing agent dosage were conducted for fires involving these two types of batteries,and the method was validated by extinguishing fires for these two types of battery packs with water-based extinguishing fluids.
基金the financial support of Major National Science and Technology Projects(2017ZX07402003)Innovative Group Project 21621004Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(NO.2015ZX07202-013)
文摘Caking of products is a common and undesired phenomenon in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and fertilizer industries which leads to extra cost and irregular quality. In general, caking processes could be identified as amorphous caking or humidity caking. In this review, history of studying caking, formation, methods, and prospects of these two caking processes are summarized and discussed. The relevant studies from the 1920 s to today are mentioned briefly. According to the different properties(i.e. hygrocapacity, hygrosensitivity, mechanical properties, and diffusion behavior) of amorphous powders and crystals, the conditions and mechanisms of amorphous and humidity caking are discussed. It is summarized that glass transition, moisture sorption, quantitative methods characterizing caking, accelerated caking tests, and simulation of caking behaviors are the main aspects that should be studied for a caking process. The methods for these five aspects are reviewed. Potential research points are proposed including caking of mixed particles, caking with phase transition or polymorph transition,non-homogenous caking, and simulation of caking.
基金This work is financially supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773188,21972111,U1530401)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2018jcyjAX0714).
文摘Rechargeable room temperature sodium–sulfur(RT Na–S)batteries are seriously limited by low sulfur utilization and sluggish electrochemical reaction activity of polysulfide intermediates.Herein,a 3D“branch-leaf”biomimetic design proposed for high performance Na–S batteries,where the leaves constructed from Co nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers(CNF)are fully to expose the active sites of Co.The CNF network acts as conductive“branches”to ensure adequate electron and electrolyte supply for the Co leaves.As an effective electrocatalytic battery system,the 3D“branch-leaf”conductive network with abundant active sites and voids can effectively trap polysulfides and provide plentiful electron/ions pathways for electrochemical reaction.DFT calculation reveals that the Co nanoparticles can induce the formation of a unique Co–S–Na molecular layer on the Co surface,which can enable a fast reduction reaction of the polysulfides.Therefore,the prepared“branch-leaf”CNF-L@Co/S electrode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 1201 mAh g^−1 at 0.1 C and superior rate performance.
文摘Metasurfaces that can realize the polarization manipulation of electromagnetic waves on the sub-wavelength scale have become an emerging research field.Here,a novel strategy of combining the metasurface and Fresnel zone plate to form a metasurface zone plate is proposed to realize the conversion from nearly arbitrary polarizations to a fixed polarization.Specifically,when one polarized wave is incident on adjacent ring zones constructed by different types of meta-atoms,the transmitted waves generated by odd-numbered and even-numbered ring zones converge at the same focus and superimpose to generate a fixed polarized wave.As function demonstrations,we have designed two types of metasurface zone plates:one is a focused linear polarizer,and the other can convert nearly arbitrary polarized waves into focused circularly polarized waves.The simulated and measured results are consistent with theoretical expectations,suggesting that the proposed concept is flexible and feasible.Our work provides an alternative platform for polarization manipulation and may vigorously promote the development of polarization photonic devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373909).
文摘Objective:To understand the evolutionary relationship of NCED3 in Glycyrrhiza L.and find genetic evidence of its local adaptation.Meanwhile,lay the foundation for relieving the demand and subsequent starvation of Glycyrrhiza resources.Methods:NCED3 were isolated from six species of Glycyrrhiza L.by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and a homology cloning strategy.The basic properties and evolutionary relationships of NCED3 were analyzed by bioinformatics.Results:Six NCED3 genes formed two clusters;they were under purifying selection and were highly conserved in evolution (Ka/Ks≤).There was very little functional divergence among the NCED3s (Alpha value 0.071).The contents of ABA in the six species were divided into two groups.Conclusion:This study provides the first analysis of the evolution of NCED3s in six species of Glycyrrhiza.Six NCED3 genes were slow evolutionary rates in six NCED3s.Different genetic relationships to Glycyrrhiza adapted to various environments.The changes in ABA content were consistent with the evolution of NCED3.Whether there are direct relationships between NCED3 and environmental adaptation,the answer is uncertain,and we hope to show more positive results in the further study of NCED3 in Glycyrrhiza L.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21905265,52072322,U1930402,61974042National Science Foundation,Civil,Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation,Grant/Award Number:1911905+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:WK2060140026Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2019‐GH02‐00052‐HZ,2019YFG0220Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,Grant/Award Number:BK19BE024National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2017YFA0303403。
文摘A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes and 50μm Li anodes.Termed“CETHER-3,”this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI,LiDFOB,and LiBF4 with 5 vol%fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Commer-cial carbonate and state-of-the-art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines.With CETHER-3,the electrochemical performance of the full-cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high-voltage cycling stability.For example,LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)-Li metal cells retain 80%capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut-off and 83%capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut-off(charge at C/5,discharge at C/2).According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics,this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li^(+)and the solvent/salt molecules.Combining advanced microscopy(high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy)and surface science(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy),it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are formed.The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide(Li_(2)SO_(3)),while the SEI is rich in Li_(3)N and LiF.During cycling,the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R-3m layered near-surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.
文摘This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning,as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation.Two potential explanations for the contrast between the performance of L2 speakers and native controls were considered.The first of which was that L2 speakers’ phonological forms are activated before selection of syntactic frame occurred,whereas the reverse is true for native speakers.The second explanation posits that the organisation of the speech production procedure is fundamentally similar in native and L2 speakers,and the disparity in performance arises from difference in the levels of activation of stored items.The results of the present experiment suggest that lemma selection is indeed what drives syntactic frame selection.However,lemmas in L2 speakers can be primed through a chain of connections demonstrated as:L2 phonological form →L1 phonological form → L1 lemma.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22068002 and 22178054)Training plan for academic and technical leaders of major disciplines in Jiangxi Province-Youth Talent Project(grant No.20212BCj23001)+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant No.20224ACB213007,20212ACB203002,and 20232BBH80015)Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry(grant No.JXSC202209).
文摘Carbamazepine(CBZ)is an anticonvulsant with very low water solubility,presenting as a white crystalline powder with poor mechanical properties and is hard to bend.To enhance CBZ's physicochemical properties,such as water solubility and mechanical properties,we selected six cocrystal coformers(CCFs):nicotinamide(NIC),benzamide(BZM),salicylic acid(SCA),fumaric acid(FMA),trimesic acid(TMA),and hesperetin(HPE).Six CBZ cocrystals were successfully prepared using the solution method.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and single crystal X-ray diffraction(SCXRD)were used to characterize the crystal structures and gain comprehensive insights into the six cocrystals.The mechanical,fluorescence,and solubility properties of the six cocrystals were tested.The results reveal that most of the prepared cocrystals exhibit improved water solubility and mechanical properties when compared to CBZ.Among them,the dissolution rate of cocrystals excluded from CBZ-HPE has increased by an average of 3 or 4 times compared to CBZ,while CBZ-HPE exhibits superior mechanical properties.Moreover,all six cocrystals possess better fluorescence performance than CBZ.We thoroughly evaluated the mechanical properties of the cocrystals through both experimental and theoretical approaches.This work provides a new direction for studying drug cocrystals to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs.
基金financially supported by the Key 647 Research and Development Project of Hebei 22372601Dthe financial support of Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘Regarding sugar and salt crystallization with large single crystals,the agglomerate thermodynamics and geometric morphologies,not the dynamics,dominate the particle size distribution(PSD).To consider this issue,a PSD design model is proposed for limited large crystal agglomeration.In this model,the agglomeration thermodynamic criticality is determined by estimating the adhesion and dispersion forces between single crystals.The geometric agglomerate morphologies are described by corresponding single crystal units stacking with porosity.By seed well-controlled of population,the key parameters of PSD(D01,D50 and D99)are precisely designed.For erythritol,the model design accuracies are 92%–99%in the 1.2 L and 10 L crystallizers,indicating that it can design PSD at various crystallization scales.Concerning the general research attention to microcrystal agglomeration kinetics(mostly active pharmaceutical ingredients),this model effectively guides the sugar and salt PSD design with limited large crystal agglomeration.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei (grant No.22372601D)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (grant No.ZR202105230005)+2 种基金the National Science Foundation of China (grant Nos.22378303 and 22108195)the key project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (grant No.SKL-ChE-2oz03)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘Crystal caking is a decisive factor affecting the quality of high-end fine chemicals,whereas lack of shape-to-caking understanding results in considerable waste of time,severely delaying high-end fine chemical development.On this basis,a morphology-based caking evaluation model is developed with 74%and 96%time savings compared to previous modeling and non-modeling experiments,respectively,while guaranteeing superior accuracy.The crystal morphology is expressed as a function of the aspect ratio and the particle size distribution.The quantitative relationships between these parameters and the caking tendency are deduced,firstly achieving morphology anti-caking criterion establishment.For D-allulose crystals,considering humidity,and particle size,an aspect ratio is below 3 is the standard for combating caking,which has not been reported previously.Herein,the specific effect of crystal morphology on caking behavior is quantitatively described.The knowledge obtained can be applied to rapidly and quantitatively design anti-caking storage systems for products in warehouses.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China under Grant No.60444003 and 60577009.
文摘This paper explores the possibility of realizing a hollow-core optical fiber, whose cladding is composed of cylindrical alternating layers of air and high-index material with supporting structure. The optical properties and the design criteria of the proposed fiber are evaluated by the compact two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In particular, the influence of the number and width of supporting strips on the leakage loss of the fiber is investigated. Furthermore, the mechanical performances of the fiber are estimated by finite-element method, confirming that hollow-core fibers with a reasonable size and number of supporting strips are reliable.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61675147,61735010,and 91838301)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0700202).
文摘Phase-modulated metasurfaces that can implement the independent manipulation of co-and cross-polarized output waves under circularly polarized[CP]incidence have been proposed.With this,we introduce one particular metasurface composed of meta-atoms with a phase difference of 2π/3 to generate specific elliptically polarized waves under various polarized incidences.Furthermore,a metasurface composed of these above meta-atoms and the meta-atoms with a phase difference of π/3 arranged in a certain rule can realize polarization conversion function between linearly polarized and CP states.The designs shed new light on multifarious optical devices and may further promote the development of metasurface polarization optics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773109,91845104,U1930402)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,University of Science and Technology Beijing(BK19BE024)。
文摘The copper-based catalysts have been generally regarded as high-performance catalysts for CO_2 hydrogenation toward methanol,while the production of ethanol via C–C coupling on the copper-based catalysts is still challenging.Herein,we report a new catalyst where Cu nanoparticles are embedded in the carbon support with abundant defect sites,achieving a high selectivity for ethanol in the CO_2 hydrogenation.The experiments coupled with the theoretical studies show a clear map where carbon defects serve as anchor sites that can stabilize interfacial copper species,and interfacial Cu sites with low coordination numbers can adsorb two C_1 species and later convert them to a C_2 species via a hydrogenation-induced coupling reaction.Further adjacent Cu atoms of interfacial Cu sites can facilitate OH reduction reactions via the Cu–Cu bridge adsorption to assist the formation of ethanol.Especially,those specific active sites easily disappear in the reducing conditions and during the reaction,the major product can transform from ethanol to methanol.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22108195)Nature Science Foundation of Tianjin(grant No.21JCQNJC00580)+1 种基金Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(grant No.2022c01208)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,and the key project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(grant No.SKL-ChE-20Z03).
文摘With the outbreak of COVID-19,disinfection protection has become a necessary measure to prevent infection.As a new type of disinfectant,potassium peroxymonosulfate compound salt(PMS)has the advantages of good bactericidal effect,non-toxicity,high safety and stability.However,the current PMS products with irregular particle shapes lead to poor flowability,high hygroscopicity,poor stability of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and serious caking problems.In this work,an agglomeration-dissolution mechanism was designed to prepare spherical PMS particles with large size(>300μm)and high sphericity(up to 90%),effectively addressing the above problems.Shaping(dissolution and abrasion)is the key to improving sphericity,which is mainly controlled by the design of the heating mode,residence time and stirring rate.Compared with the irregular PMS particles,the large spherical particles present better flowability(angle of repose decreased by 35.80%,Carr's index decreased by 64.29%,Hausner's ratio decreased by 19.14%),lower hygroscopicity(decreased by 38.0%),lower caking ratio(decreased by 84.50%),and higher stability(the monthly loss of ROS was reduced by 61.68%).The agglomeration-dissolution mechanism demonstrates the crystallization,agglomeration,dissolution and abrasion process of inorganic salt crystals,providing an opportunity to prepare high-end inorganic crystal materials with high-quality morphologies.
基金supports from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Programs for high-level entrepreneurial and innovative talents introduction of Jiangsu Province,and Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School of USTB(No.BK19BE024).
文摘It remains elusive to realize the distinct catalysis of isomeric catalysts because it becomes challenging to identify structural isomers in the polydisperse nanoparticles.Herein we investigate catalysis of two geometric isomers for 36-gold-atom nanoclusters with different Au cores arrangements but the same thiolate ligands,thereby providing access to isomer catalysts readily participate in a desired reaction.Compared to the Au_(36)(SR)_(24)with a one-dimensional(1D)layout of Au4 tetrahedral units,the Au_(36)(SR)_(24)with a two-dimensional(2D)layout of Au4 tetrahedral units is more effective for the intramolecular hydroamination of alkyne.Our study suggests that the exposed Au sties of the two Au_(36)(SR)_(24)catalysts favor different reaction intermediates and pathways.The intramolecular H transfer leads to intermediates with the C-N and with C=N for the 1D and 2D Au_(36)(SR)_(24)respectively,and hence the different on-site and off-site pathways for the successive reaction steps account for the different performances of the two Au_(36)(SR)_(24)catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21938009).
文摘Solubility has been widely regarded as a fundamental property of small molecule drugs and drug candidates,as it has a profound impact on the crystallization process.Solubility prediction,as an alternative to experiments which can reduce waste and improve crystallization process efficiency,has attracted increasing attention.However,there are still many urgent challenges thus far.Herein we used seven descriptors based on understanding dissolution behavior to establish two solubility prediction models by machine learning algorithms.The solubility data of 120 active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)in ethanol were considered in the prediction models,which were constructed by random decision forests and artificial neural network with optimized data structure and model accuracy.Furthermore,a comparison with traditional prediction methods including the modified solubility equation and the quantitative structure-property relationships model was carried out.The highest accuracy shown by the testing set proves that the ML models have the best solubility prediction ability.Multiple linear regression and stepwise regression were used to further investigate the critical factor in determining solubility value.The results revealed that the API properties and the solute-solvent interaction both provide a nonnegligible contribution to the solubility value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21773109 and 91845104)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB(no.BK19BE024)the Introduction Program of High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents in Jiangsu Province.
文摘The optimization of catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation that is carried out in a traditional fixed-bed reactor predominantly focuses on pursuing various nanoparticles at the nanoscale.Much less is known about how heterogeneous catalysts can be exploited to precisely control the reaction pathways of CO_(2) conversion at the atomic level.
