Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinocicept...Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effects of repeated EA sessions,particularly concerning the regulation of the Adora3 receptor and its associated enzymes,has remained elusive.Methods:This study used a mouse model of spared nerve injury(SNI)to explore the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA at ST36(Zusanli)and its impact on Adora3 regulation in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH).Forty-eight male mice underwent SNI surgery for induction of neuropathic pain and were randomly assigned to the SNI,SNI+2EA,SNI+4EA,and SNI+7EA groups.Spinal cord(L4-L6)was sampled for immunofluorescence,adenosine(ADO)detection and for molecular investigations following repeated EA treatment.Results:Following spared nerve injury(SNI),there was a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds(PWTs)and thermal nociceptive withdrawal latency(TWL)in the ipsilateral hind paw on the third day post-surgery,while the contralateral hind paw PWTs showed no significant changes.On subsequent EA treatments,the SNI+EA groups led to a significant increase in pain thresholds(p<0.05).Repeated EA sessions in SNI mice upregulated Adenosine A3(Adora3)and cluster of differentiation-73(CD73)expression while downregulating adenosine deaminase(ADA)and enhancing neuronal instigation in the SCDH.Colocalization analysis of Neun-treated cells revealed increased Adora3 expression,particularly in the SNI+7EA group.Conclusions:In conclusion,cumulative electroacupuncture treatment reduced neuropathic pain by regulating Adora3 and CD73 expression,inhibiting ADA and most likely increasing neuronal activation in the SCDH.This study offers a promising therapeutic option for managing neuropathic pain,paving the way for further research.展开更多
Because there is no curative treatment for spinal cord injury, establishing an ideal animal model is important to identify injury mechanisms and develop therapies for individuals suffering from spinal cord injuries. I...Because there is no curative treatment for spinal cord injury, establishing an ideal animal model is important to identify injury mechanisms and develop therapies for individuals suffering from spinal cord injuries. In this article, we systematically review and analyze various kinds of animal models of spinal cord injury and assess their advantages and disadvantages for further studies.展开更多
Background:The purpose of our study was to study the composition and content of the feline plasma metabolome revealing the critical metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with age during growth and development....Background:The purpose of our study was to study the composition and content of the feline plasma metabolome revealing the critical metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with age during growth and development.Methods:Blood samples were collected from juvenile and adult groups for blood routine tests and serum biochemistry tests.Non-targeted metabolomics analyses of plasma were also performed to investigate changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways.Results:In this study,we found that the red blood cell counts,liver function indexes(albumin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase),and the concentration of triglyceride and glucose changed significant with growth and development.The metabolomics results revealed that 1427 metabolites were identified in the plasma of young and adult cats.Most of these metabolites belong to major classes of lipids and lipid-like molecules.The most obvious age-related metabolites include reduced levels of chenodeoxycholate,taurocholate,cholate,and taurochenodeoxycholate but increased levels of L-cysteine and taurocyamine in the adult cat's serum.These metabolites are mainly involved in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway,the bile secretion pathway,and the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway.Conclusion:This study revealed many age-related metabolite alterations in the feline plasma.These age-varying metabolites,especially in the bile acid biosynthesis and secretion metabolism pathways,indicate that the regulation of these pathways is involved in the growth and development of cats.This study promotes our understanding of the mechanism of feline growth and provides new insights into nutrition and medicine for cats of different ages.展开更多
Canine atopic dermatitis(CAD)is a prevalent genetically susceptible infammatory and pruritic allergic skin condition afecting not only the health of dogs but also the quality of life of their owners.Interleukin-31(IL-...Canine atopic dermatitis(CAD)is a prevalent genetically susceptible infammatory and pruritic allergic skin condition afecting not only the health of dogs but also the quality of life of their owners.Interleukin-31(IL-31)and interleukin-31 receptor alpha(IL-31RA)are essential for the development of pruritus in primates and mice.Hence,it is expected that inhibiting IL-31RA will be an efective approach to alleviate pruritus.The purpose of the study was to produce anti-canine IL-31RA polyclonal antibodies(anti-IL-31RA pAbs)and evaluate their efcacy in inhibiting house dust mite(HDM)-evoked pruritic responses.Dogs were immunized with antigens formed by IL-31RA recombinant short peptides coupled to BSA to produce anti-IL-31RA pAbs.The CAD model was developed by using HDM allergen stimulation,and the efects of IL-31RA pAbs on the reduction of pruritus in CAD model dogs were examined.The Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index(CADESI)-4 and pruritus Visual Analog Scale(pVAS)were utilized to evaluate pruritic responses,and skin tissue samples were collected from the inguinal area for pathological assessment of skin infammatory cell infltration.The results showed that anti-IL-31RA pAbs with high titers(1:128,000)and specifcity were efectively produced.In the CAD model group,the severity of skin damage,pruritus score,infammatory cell infltration and level of infammatory factors were considerably elevated.Anti-IL-31RA pAbs relieved pruritic behavior and dermatitis in dogs compared to placebo-treated dogs.In conclusion,anti-IL-31RA pAbs efectively suppressed CAD in vivo and are anticipated to be an efective novel treatment for pruritic skin disorders such as CAD.展开更多
The aim of this paper was to explore the relationship between energy metabolism and the meridian phenomenon.The manner of change of oxygen partial pressure in acupoints and no-acupoints of the urinary bladder meridian...The aim of this paper was to explore the relationship between energy metabolism and the meridian phenomenon.The manner of change of oxygen partial pressure in acupoints and no-acupoints of the urinary bladder meridian of goats was observed with a needle-type tissue oxygen tension sensor after the acupuncture effect was blocked by Ca^(2+) complexation with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)-Na2.The results showed that:(1)the concentration of calcium ion in urinary bladder meridian acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints(P<0.01 or P<0.05);(2)the tissue oxygen tension in urinary bladder meridian acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints(P<0.01);(3)the oxygen partial pressure in acupoints decreased significantly after injection with EDTA-Na2,compared with injection of either normal sodium or nothing(P<0.01);(4)the oxygen partial pressure in acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints after EDTA-Na2 injection(P<0.01).Acupuncture could reduce oxygen partial pressure in acupoints by regulating microcirculation and increasing metabolic levels.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32172930。
文摘Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effects of repeated EA sessions,particularly concerning the regulation of the Adora3 receptor and its associated enzymes,has remained elusive.Methods:This study used a mouse model of spared nerve injury(SNI)to explore the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA at ST36(Zusanli)and its impact on Adora3 regulation in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH).Forty-eight male mice underwent SNI surgery for induction of neuropathic pain and were randomly assigned to the SNI,SNI+2EA,SNI+4EA,and SNI+7EA groups.Spinal cord(L4-L6)was sampled for immunofluorescence,adenosine(ADO)detection and for molecular investigations following repeated EA treatment.Results:Following spared nerve injury(SNI),there was a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds(PWTs)and thermal nociceptive withdrawal latency(TWL)in the ipsilateral hind paw on the third day post-surgery,while the contralateral hind paw PWTs showed no significant changes.On subsequent EA treatments,the SNI+EA groups led to a significant increase in pain thresholds(p<0.05).Repeated EA sessions in SNI mice upregulated Adenosine A3(Adora3)and cluster of differentiation-73(CD73)expression while downregulating adenosine deaminase(ADA)and enhancing neuronal instigation in the SCDH.Colocalization analysis of Neun-treated cells revealed increased Adora3 expression,particularly in the SNI+7EA group.Conclusions:In conclusion,cumulative electroacupuncture treatment reduced neuropathic pain by regulating Adora3 and CD73 expression,inhibiting ADA and most likely increasing neuronal activation in the SCDH.This study offers a promising therapeutic option for managing neuropathic pain,paving the way for further research.
文摘Because there is no curative treatment for spinal cord injury, establishing an ideal animal model is important to identify injury mechanisms and develop therapies for individuals suffering from spinal cord injuries. In this article, we systematically review and analyze various kinds of animal models of spinal cord injury and assess their advantages and disadvantages for further studies.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 82260121 and 82200327Zhanggong Science and Technology Plan Project+2 种基金the Hubei Province Innovation Platform Construction Projectgrant number 20204201117303072238Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Model Animal
文摘Background:The purpose of our study was to study the composition and content of the feline plasma metabolome revealing the critical metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with age during growth and development.Methods:Blood samples were collected from juvenile and adult groups for blood routine tests and serum biochemistry tests.Non-targeted metabolomics analyses of plasma were also performed to investigate changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways.Results:In this study,we found that the red blood cell counts,liver function indexes(albumin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase),and the concentration of triglyceride and glucose changed significant with growth and development.The metabolomics results revealed that 1427 metabolites were identified in the plasma of young and adult cats.Most of these metabolites belong to major classes of lipids and lipid-like molecules.The most obvious age-related metabolites include reduced levels of chenodeoxycholate,taurocholate,cholate,and taurochenodeoxycholate but increased levels of L-cysteine and taurocyamine in the adult cat's serum.These metabolites are mainly involved in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway,the bile secretion pathway,and the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway.Conclusion:This study revealed many age-related metabolite alterations in the feline plasma.These age-varying metabolites,especially in the bile acid biosynthesis and secretion metabolism pathways,indicate that the regulation of these pathways is involved in the growth and development of cats.This study promotes our understanding of the mechanism of feline growth and provides new insights into nutrition and medicine for cats of different ages.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072938)。
文摘Canine atopic dermatitis(CAD)is a prevalent genetically susceptible infammatory and pruritic allergic skin condition afecting not only the health of dogs but also the quality of life of their owners.Interleukin-31(IL-31)and interleukin-31 receptor alpha(IL-31RA)are essential for the development of pruritus in primates and mice.Hence,it is expected that inhibiting IL-31RA will be an efective approach to alleviate pruritus.The purpose of the study was to produce anti-canine IL-31RA polyclonal antibodies(anti-IL-31RA pAbs)and evaluate their efcacy in inhibiting house dust mite(HDM)-evoked pruritic responses.Dogs were immunized with antigens formed by IL-31RA recombinant short peptides coupled to BSA to produce anti-IL-31RA pAbs.The CAD model was developed by using HDM allergen stimulation,and the efects of IL-31RA pAbs on the reduction of pruritus in CAD model dogs were examined.The Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index(CADESI)-4 and pruritus Visual Analog Scale(pVAS)were utilized to evaluate pruritic responses,and skin tissue samples were collected from the inguinal area for pathological assessment of skin infammatory cell infltration.The results showed that anti-IL-31RA pAbs with high titers(1:128,000)and specifcity were efectively produced.In the CAD model group,the severity of skin damage,pruritus score,infammatory cell infltration and level of infammatory factors were considerably elevated.Anti-IL-31RA pAbs relieved pruritic behavior and dermatitis in dogs compared to placebo-treated dogs.In conclusion,anti-IL-31RA pAbs efectively suppressed CAD in vivo and are anticipated to be an efective novel treatment for pruritic skin disorders such as CAD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90209009).
文摘The aim of this paper was to explore the relationship between energy metabolism and the meridian phenomenon.The manner of change of oxygen partial pressure in acupoints and no-acupoints of the urinary bladder meridian of goats was observed with a needle-type tissue oxygen tension sensor after the acupuncture effect was blocked by Ca^(2+) complexation with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)-Na2.The results showed that:(1)the concentration of calcium ion in urinary bladder meridian acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints(P<0.01 or P<0.05);(2)the tissue oxygen tension in urinary bladder meridian acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints(P<0.01);(3)the oxygen partial pressure in acupoints decreased significantly after injection with EDTA-Na2,compared with injection of either normal sodium or nothing(P<0.01);(4)the oxygen partial pressure in acupoints was higher than that in no-acupoints after EDTA-Na2 injection(P<0.01).Acupuncture could reduce oxygen partial pressure in acupoints by regulating microcirculation and increasing metabolic levels.
