Objectives Diabetes remains a major global health challenge in China.Artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated considerable potential in improving diabetes management.This study aimed to assess healthcare providers...Objectives Diabetes remains a major global health challenge in China.Artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated considerable potential in improving diabetes management.This study aimed to assess healthcare providers’perceptions regarding AI in diabetes care across China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling from November 12 to November 24,2024.We selected 514 physicians and nurses by a snowball sampling method from healthcare providers across 30 cities or provinces in China.The self-developed questionnaire comprised five sections with 19 questions assessing medical workers’demographic characteristics,AI-related experience and interest,awareness,attitudes,and concerns regarding AI in diabetes care.Statistical analysis was performed using t-test,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and linear regression.Results Among them,20.0%and 48.1%of respondents had participated in AI-related research and training,while 85.4%expressed moderate to high interest in AI training for diabetes care.Most respondents reported partial awareness of AI in diabetes care,and only 12.6%exhibited a comprehensive or substantial understanding.Attitudes toward AI in diabetes care were generally positive,with a mean score of 24.50±3.38.Nurses demonstrated significantly higher scores than physicians(P<0.05).Greater awareness,prior AI training experience,and higher interest in AI training in diabetes care were strongly associated with more positive attitudes(P<0.05).Key concerns regarding AI included trust issues from AI-clinician inconsistencies(77.2%),increased workload and clinical workflow disruptions(63.4%),and incomplete legal and regulatory frameworks(60.3%).Only 34.2%of respondents expressed concerns about job displacement,indicating general confidence in their professional roles.Conclusions While Chinese healthcare providers show moderate awareness of AI in diabetes care,their attitudes are generally positive,and they are considerably interested in future training.Tailored,role-specific AI training is essential for equitable and effective integration into clinical practice.Additionally,transparent,reliable,ethical AI models must be prioritized to alleviate practitioners’concerns.展开更多
The scientific evaluation of arable land remediation potential can be used to formulate remediation policies based on local conditions. This study took arable land resources in Tongxu County, China as the research obj...The scientific evaluation of arable land remediation potential can be used to formulate remediation policies based on local conditions. This study took arable land resources in Tongxu County, China as the research object and administrative villages as the evaluation unit, constructed an evaluation index system by integrating three aspects—quantity, quality and ecology. Based on the evaluation of arable land remediation potential, the K-means++ spatial clustering algorithm combined with elbow method is used to divide the remediation partition and give the remediation strategy. The results showed that: 1) the evaluation index system of arable land improvement potential, which integrated “quantity-quality-ecology”, was more systematic in analyzing the potential of arable land improvement than the previous single target evaluation index, and explored its internal linkage. 2) There are some spatial differences in the quantitative, qualitative and ecological potentials in Tongxu County, with the quantitative potential being higher in Changzhi Township, the intersection of Lizhuang Township and the southern part of Yuhuangmiao Township, the qualitative potential being more evenly distributed, and the ecological potential being higher around Chengguan Township. 3) Through K-means++ clustering algorithm combined with elbow method, Tongxu County was divided into five subzones: quality improvement zone, intensive improvement zone, quantity improvement zone, comprehensive improvement zone and health improvement zone, among which the highest percentage of quality improvement zone and the lowest percentage of comprehensive improvement zone were 49.2% and 1.5% respectively, and differentiated remediation strategies were provided by research for each sub-district to promote high quality of arable land.展开更多
In response to the problem of inadequate utilization of local information in PolSAR image classification using Vision Transformer in existing studies, this paper proposes a Vision Transformer method considering local ...In response to the problem of inadequate utilization of local information in PolSAR image classification using Vision Transformer in existing studies, this paper proposes a Vision Transformer method considering local information, LIViT. The method replaces image patch sequence with polarimetric feature sequence in the feature embedding, and uses convolution for mapping to preserve image spatial detail information. On the other hand, the addition of the wavelet transform branch enables the network to pay more attention to the shape and edge information of the feature target and improves the extraction of local edge information. The results in Wuhan, China and Flevoland, Netherlands show that considering local information when using Vision Transformer for PolSAR image classification effectively improves the image classification accuracy and shows better advantages in PolSAR image classification.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T...BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.展开更多
A direct Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:LuYO_(3)ceramic laser without the aid of any mode-locked starting element is reported for the first time. A pulse duration as short as 259 fs and a maximum average output power of 326...A direct Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:LuYO_(3)ceramic laser without the aid of any mode-locked starting element is reported for the first time. A pulse duration as short as 259 fs and a maximum average output power of 326 m W are obtained at a repetition rate of 97.1 MHz. The corresponding optical spectrum centered at 2053 nm exhibits a bandwidth of 19.8 nm,which indicates the presence of nearly Fourier transform-limited pulses. Such a Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:LuYO_(3)ceramic laser is a promising ultrashort pulse source, with both the excellent laser characteristics of Tm:LuYO3and the high-power 790 nm laser diode pumping scheme.展开更多
Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing an...Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.展开更多
EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3),a light zeitnehmer(time-taker)gene,regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis,rice,and barley.The three orthologs of ELF3(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)have be...EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3),a light zeitnehmer(time-taker)gene,regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis,rice,and barley.The three orthologs of ELF3(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)have been identified in wheat too,and one gene,TaELF3-1DL,has been associated with heading date.However,the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes,TaELF3-1BL and,TaELF3-1AL,remain unknown.Therefore,the present study obtained the coding sequences of the three orthologs(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized them and investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis.Protein sequence comparison revealed similarities among the three TaELF3 genes of wheat;however,they were different from the Arabidopsis ELF3.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed TaELF3 expression in all wheat tissues tested,with the highest expression in young spikes;the three genes showed rhythmic expression patterns also.Furthermore,the overexpression of the TaELF3-1BL gene in Arabidopsis delayed flowering,indicating their importance in flowering.Subsequent overexpression of TaELF3-1BL in the Arabidopsis ELF3 nonfunctional mutant(elf3 mutant)eliminated its early flowering phenotype,and slightly delayed flowering.The wild-type Arabidopsis overexpressing TaELF3-1BL demonstrated reduced expression levels of flowering-related genes,such as CONSTANS(AtCO),FLOWERING LOCUS T(AtFT),and GIGANTEA(AtGI).Thus,the study characterized the three TaELF3 genes and associated TaELF3-1BL with flowering in Arabidopsis,suggesting a role in regulating flowering in wheat too.These findings provide a basis for further research on TaELF3 functions in wheat.展开更多
Dear Editor,Unlike previous outbreaks of the mpox(previously known as monkeypox),which were localized in Africa and resulted in small numbers of infections due to limited human-to-human transmission,the current outbre...Dear Editor,Unlike previous outbreaks of the mpox(previously known as monkeypox),which were localized in Africa and resulted in small numbers of infections due to limited human-to-human transmission,the current outbreak beginning in May 2022,has spread rapidly primarily through human-to-human transmission in non-endemic countries(Gong et al.,2022).As of 27 Sep 2023,115 countries and regions have reported cases of mpox to the World Health Organization(WHO),bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 90,618 including 125 deaths.Although the number of new cases has decreased in most WHO regions in the second half of 2022,the curves reveal a long outbreak tail in different subregions of the Americas.More worrying,106 mpox cases were reported in the mainland of China in June 2023.展开更多
With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless commun...With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.展开更多
The strategic introduction of defects in polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks(POM@MOFs)enables synergistic catalytic effects between POMs and defect sites,achieving catalytic functions unattainable by eithe...The strategic introduction of defects in polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks(POM@MOFs)enables synergistic catalytic effects between POMs and defect sites,achieving catalytic functions unattainable by either component alone.However,the complexity of the POM@MOFs synthetic system makes the controlled construction of defects more challenging than in conventional MOFs.Herein,we develop an atomic substitution-modulated host-vip interaction strategy for controlled synthesis of electron-deficient defect sites in POM@MOFs with tunable missing-linker content.Specifically,the gradual substitution of Mo atoms with V atoms in H_3PMo_(12)O_(40)(PMo_(12))enhances the nucleophilicity of surface oxygen species,thereby strengthening the interaction between POMs and Zr_6-oxo clusters in UiO-67.This enhanced interaction induces varying degrees of ligand loss through coordination competition of POMs with organic ligands during the self-assembly of POM@UiO-67.Meanwhile,POMs acting as electron sponges withdraw electrons from UiO-67,resulting in lower electron density at defect sites compared to traditional defective UiO-67.The induced defect sites exhibit superior catalytic performance in the transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde,due to a significantly reduced hydrogen transfer energy barrier.This work provides a new perspective for designing crystalline porous catalysts with synergistic effects based on the modulation of host-vip interaction.展开更多
The conventional synthesis of fine chemicals through multi-step independent reactions frequently necessitates intermittent catalyst substitution and laborious intermediate purification,posing significant challenges to...The conventional synthesis of fine chemicals through multi-step independent reactions frequently necessitates intermittent catalyst substitution and laborious intermediate purification,posing significant challenges to process efficiency and energy sustainability.Herein,we developed a polyoxometalate(POM)-mediated defect engineering strategy to construct a spatially isolated but functionally coupled oxidation-amination dual-active sites by confining H5PV_(2)Mo_(10)O_(40)({PV_(2)Mo_(10)})in UiO-66({PV_(2)Mo_(10)}-0.1@UiO-66),achieving a one-pot two-step tandem conversion of alkenes to amino alcohols.The complete conversion process begins with{PV_(2)Mo10}-catalyzed highly selective epoxidation of the alkenes(step A),followed by the in situ ring-opening amination of the epoxide intermediate by direct addition of the amine under the catalysis of the defective sites on UiO-66,without catalyst replacement and intermediate separation.Spectroscopic and catalytic performance analysis confirmed that the{PV_(2)Mo_(10)}-0.1@UiO-66 with dual-active sites has continuous reaction and multi-cycle structural stability.Based on the rich functionality of POMs and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),their diverse assembly will provide a modular design platform for catalyst design aimed at tandem reactions.展开更多
Dear Editor,In late December 2019,an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by an unknown etiological agent was initially reported in Wuhan,China,and then quickly spread throughout China and even abroad(Zhu et al.,2020)....Dear Editor,In late December 2019,an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by an unknown etiological agent was initially reported in Wuhan,China,and then quickly spread throughout China and even abroad(Zhu et al.,2020).Swift control measures and etiological investigations were conducted by the Chinese government,physicians and researchers,and by using high throughput sequencing and virological testing,the mysterious pneumonia pathogen was shown to be a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)capable of person-to-person transmission(Zhu et al.,2020).Coronaviruses are a group of non-segmented,enveloped and positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the subfamily of Coronavirinae in the family of Coronavirdiae and order of Nidovirales.展开更多
The worldwide epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is ongoing.Rapid and accurate detection of the causative virus SARSCoV-2 is vital for the treatment and control of COVID-19.In this study,the comparative sen...The worldwide epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is ongoing.Rapid and accurate detection of the causative virus SARSCoV-2 is vital for the treatment and control of COVID-19.In this study,the comparative sensitivity of different respiratory specimen types were retrospectively analyzed using 3,552 clinical samples from 410 COVID-19 patients confirmed by Guangdong CDC(Center for Disease Control and Prevention).Except for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the sputum possessed the highest positive rate(73.4%–87.5%),followed by nasal swabs(53.1%–85.3%)for both severe and mild cases during the first 14 days after illness onset(d.a.o.).Viral RNA could be detected in all BALF samples collected from the severe group within 14 d.a.o.and lasted up to 46 d.a.o.Moreover,although viral RNA was negative in the upper respiratory samples,it was also positive in BALF samples in most cases from the severe group during treatment.Notably,no viral RNA was detected in BALF samples from the mild group.Despite typical ground-glass opacity observed via computed tomographic scans,no viral RNA was detected in the first three or all upper respiratory tract specimens from some COVID-19 patients.In conclusion,sputum is most sensitive for routine laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19,followed by nasal swabs.Detection of viral RNA in BALF improves diagnostic accuracy in severe COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a s...Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a stress coping/survival strategy and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process require further studies to enhance the crop's salt tolerance ability.A nuclear pore complex(NPC)component,HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1(HOS1),has been recognized as a negative regulator of plant cold responses and flowering.Here,we challenged the role of HOS1 in regulating flowering in response to salinity stress.Interestingly,we discovered that HOS1 can directly interact with and ubiquitinate transcription factor SPL9(SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9)to promote its protein degradation in response to salinity stress.Moreover,we demonstrated that HOS1 and SPL9 antagonistically regulate plant flowering under both normal and salt stress conditions.HOS1 was further shown to negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and several key flowering genes in response to salinity stress.These results jointly revealed that HOS1 is an important integrator in the process of modulating salinity-delayed flowering,thus offering new perspectives on a salinity stress coping strategy of plants.展开更多
Objective: Real-time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single immunocyte level,based on the concept of immune cells, sociology has been recently reported. However,the relationships between glioma-initiating cell...Objective: Real-time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single immunocyte level,based on the concept of immune cells, sociology has been recently reported. However,the relationships between glioma-initiating cells(GICs) and host immune cells and their mutual interactions in the tumor microenvironment have not been directly observed and remain unclear. Methods: The dual fluorescence tracing technique was applied to label the co-cultured GICs and host macrophages(M?), and the interactions between the two types of cells were observed using a live cell imaging system. Fusion cells in the co-culture system were monocloned and proliferated in vitro and their social interactions were observed and recorded. Results: Using real-time dynamic observation of target cells, 6 types of intercellular conjunction microtubes were found to function in the transfer of intercellular information between GICs and M?; GICs and host M? can fuse into hybrid cells after several rounds of mutual interactions, and then these fusion cells fused with each other; Fusion cells generated offspring cells through symmetrical and asymmetrical division or underwent apoptosis. A "cell in cell" phenomenon was observed in the fusion cells, which was often followed by cell release, namely entosis. Conclusions: Preliminary studies revealed the patterns of cell conjunction via microtubes between GICs and host M? and the processes of cell fusion, division, and entosis. The results revealed malignant transformation of host M?, induced by GICs, suggesting complex social relationships among tumor-immune cells in gliomas.展开更多
Biogenic amine(BA)is a class of nitrogen-containing small molecular organic compounds with biological activity.Excessive BAs in wine affect flavor and quality of wine and are hazardous to human health.However,little a...Biogenic amine(BA)is a class of nitrogen-containing small molecular organic compounds with biological activity.Excessive BAs in wine affect flavor and quality of wine and are hazardous to human health.However,little attention has been paid to the effect of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermentation on BAs in white wine.The effect of mixed fermentation on BAs and amino acids in wine was investigated using two white grapes of Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer.Higher levels of total amino acids and BAs in Gewürztraminer wine compared to Sauvignon Blanc wine may be due to different grape varieties.Mixed fermentation did not influence BA profiles in Sauvignon Blanc wine,while it increased total BAs content.VL3(VL)fermented wine has 33.7%less BAs content than EC1118(EC)single-strain fermented wine.Similar phenomenon was found in Gewürztraminer wine produced by different fermentation combinations except that cadaverine was only detected in wine produced by Hanseniaspora uvarum participated in mixed fermentations.Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)and permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)revealed that the effects on BAs were related to grape varieties and yeast species in white wine.Ethanolamine,tryptamine,isoamylamine and histamine content in wine were related to grape varieties.Collectively,mixed fermentation increased BAs content in Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer wine.The content of BAs in wine fermented by VL single-strain fermentation was lower than that fermented by EC single-strain fermentation,which is more suitable for the winemaking of white wine.展开更多
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology Social Development Project(No.BE2020787)。
文摘Objectives Diabetes remains a major global health challenge in China.Artificial intelligence(AI)has demonstrated considerable potential in improving diabetes management.This study aimed to assess healthcare providers’perceptions regarding AI in diabetes care across China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball sampling from November 12 to November 24,2024.We selected 514 physicians and nurses by a snowball sampling method from healthcare providers across 30 cities or provinces in China.The self-developed questionnaire comprised five sections with 19 questions assessing medical workers’demographic characteristics,AI-related experience and interest,awareness,attitudes,and concerns regarding AI in diabetes care.Statistical analysis was performed using t-test,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and linear regression.Results Among them,20.0%and 48.1%of respondents had participated in AI-related research and training,while 85.4%expressed moderate to high interest in AI training for diabetes care.Most respondents reported partial awareness of AI in diabetes care,and only 12.6%exhibited a comprehensive or substantial understanding.Attitudes toward AI in diabetes care were generally positive,with a mean score of 24.50±3.38.Nurses demonstrated significantly higher scores than physicians(P<0.05).Greater awareness,prior AI training experience,and higher interest in AI training in diabetes care were strongly associated with more positive attitudes(P<0.05).Key concerns regarding AI included trust issues from AI-clinician inconsistencies(77.2%),increased workload and clinical workflow disruptions(63.4%),and incomplete legal and regulatory frameworks(60.3%).Only 34.2%of respondents expressed concerns about job displacement,indicating general confidence in their professional roles.Conclusions While Chinese healthcare providers show moderate awareness of AI in diabetes care,their attitudes are generally positive,and they are considerably interested in future training.Tailored,role-specific AI training is essential for equitable and effective integration into clinical practice.Additionally,transparent,reliable,ethical AI models must be prioritized to alleviate practitioners’concerns.
文摘The scientific evaluation of arable land remediation potential can be used to formulate remediation policies based on local conditions. This study took arable land resources in Tongxu County, China as the research object and administrative villages as the evaluation unit, constructed an evaluation index system by integrating three aspects—quantity, quality and ecology. Based on the evaluation of arable land remediation potential, the K-means++ spatial clustering algorithm combined with elbow method is used to divide the remediation partition and give the remediation strategy. The results showed that: 1) the evaluation index system of arable land improvement potential, which integrated “quantity-quality-ecology”, was more systematic in analyzing the potential of arable land improvement than the previous single target evaluation index, and explored its internal linkage. 2) There are some spatial differences in the quantitative, qualitative and ecological potentials in Tongxu County, with the quantitative potential being higher in Changzhi Township, the intersection of Lizhuang Township and the southern part of Yuhuangmiao Township, the qualitative potential being more evenly distributed, and the ecological potential being higher around Chengguan Township. 3) Through K-means++ clustering algorithm combined with elbow method, Tongxu County was divided into five subzones: quality improvement zone, intensive improvement zone, quantity improvement zone, comprehensive improvement zone and health improvement zone, among which the highest percentage of quality improvement zone and the lowest percentage of comprehensive improvement zone were 49.2% and 1.5% respectively, and differentiated remediation strategies were provided by research for each sub-district to promote high quality of arable land.
文摘In response to the problem of inadequate utilization of local information in PolSAR image classification using Vision Transformer in existing studies, this paper proposes a Vision Transformer method considering local information, LIViT. The method replaces image patch sequence with polarimetric feature sequence in the feature embedding, and uses convolution for mapping to preserve image spatial detail information. On the other hand, the addition of the wavelet transform branch enables the network to pay more attention to the shape and edge information of the feature target and improves the extraction of local edge information. The results in Wuhan, China and Flevoland, Netherlands show that considering local information when using Vision Transformer for PolSAR image classification effectively improves the image classification accuracy and shows better advantages in PolSAR image classification.
文摘BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62165012 and 61665010)Key research and development projects in Gansu Province (Grant No. 21YFIGE300)+5 种基金Gansu Province College Industry Support Plan Project (Grant Nos. 2020C-23 and 2022CYZC-59)Department of Education of Gansu Province: The Education Project of Open Competition for the Best Candidates (Grant No. 2021jyjbgs-06)Gansu Provincial University Innovation Fund Project (Grant No. 2021B-190)Qinzhou District Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant No. 2021-SHFZG1442)Gansu Province College Young Doctor Support Project (Grant No. 2023QB-013)Gansu Province Excellent Graduate Innovation Star Project (Grant No. 2022CXZX796)。
文摘A direct Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:LuYO_(3)ceramic laser without the aid of any mode-locked starting element is reported for the first time. A pulse duration as short as 259 fs and a maximum average output power of 326 m W are obtained at a repetition rate of 97.1 MHz. The corresponding optical spectrum centered at 2053 nm exhibits a bandwidth of 19.8 nm,which indicates the presence of nearly Fourier transform-limited pulses. Such a Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:LuYO_(3)ceramic laser is a promising ultrashort pulse source, with both the excellent laser characteristics of Tm:LuYO3and the high-power 790 nm laser diode pumping scheme.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1807801,2020YFB1807800)in part by Project Supported by Engineering Research Center of Mobile Communications,Ministry of Education(cqupt-mct-202003)+2 种基金in part by Key Lab of Information Network Security,Ministry of Public Security under Grant C19603in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61901067 and 61901013)in part by Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0339).
文摘Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.
文摘EARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3),a light zeitnehmer(time-taker)gene,regulates circadian rhythm and photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis,rice,and barley.The three orthologs of ELF3(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)have been identified in wheat too,and one gene,TaELF3-1DL,has been associated with heading date.However,the basic characteristics of these three genes and the roles of the other two genes,TaELF3-1BL and,TaELF3-1AL,remain unknown.Therefore,the present study obtained the coding sequences of the three orthologs(TaELF3-1AL,TaELF3-1BL,and TaELF3-1DL)of ELF3 from bread wheat and characterized them and investigated the role of TaELF3-1BL in Arabidopsis.Protein sequence comparison revealed similarities among the three TaELF3 genes of wheat;however,they were different from the Arabidopsis ELF3.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed TaELF3 expression in all wheat tissues tested,with the highest expression in young spikes;the three genes showed rhythmic expression patterns also.Furthermore,the overexpression of the TaELF3-1BL gene in Arabidopsis delayed flowering,indicating their importance in flowering.Subsequent overexpression of TaELF3-1BL in the Arabidopsis ELF3 nonfunctional mutant(elf3 mutant)eliminated its early flowering phenotype,and slightly delayed flowering.The wild-type Arabidopsis overexpressing TaELF3-1BL demonstrated reduced expression levels of flowering-related genes,such as CONSTANS(AtCO),FLOWERING LOCUS T(AtFT),and GIGANTEA(AtGI).Thus,the study characterized the three TaELF3 genes and associated TaELF3-1BL with flowering in Arabidopsis,suggesting a role in regulating flowering in wheat too.These findings provide a basis for further research on TaELF3 functions in wheat.
基金supported by the National Key Plan for Scientific R&D of China(2021YFC2301900)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(82025022)+2 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project,Construction of high-level biosafety laboratories(2021B1212030010)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20210623091810030)Shenzhen Medical Research Funds(B2302052).
文摘Dear Editor,Unlike previous outbreaks of the mpox(previously known as monkeypox),which were localized in Africa and resulted in small numbers of infections due to limited human-to-human transmission,the current outbreak beginning in May 2022,has spread rapidly primarily through human-to-human transmission in non-endemic countries(Gong et al.,2022).As of 27 Sep 2023,115 countries and regions have reported cases of mpox to the World Health Organization(WHO),bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 90,618 including 125 deaths.Although the number of new cases has decreased in most WHO regions in the second half of 2022,the curves reveal a long outbreak tail in different subregions of the Americas.More worrying,106 mpox cases were reported in the mainland of China in June 2023.
基金support by the National Science Foundation of China(62071046,62471033)the U.S.National Science Foundation(CNS-1954780,ECCS-1102222)the U.S.Air Force Research Laboratory.
文摘With the growing demand for higher wireless data rates,the interest in extending the carrier frequency of wireless links to the terahertz(THz)range has significantly increased.For long-distance outdoor wireless communications,THz channels may suffer substantial power loss and security issues due to atmospheric weather effects.It is crucial to assess the impact of weather on high-capacity data transmission to evaluate wireless system link budgets and performance accurately.In this article,we provide an insight into the propagation characteristics of THz channels under atmospheric conditions and the security aspects of THz communication systems in future applications.We conduct a comprehensive survey of our recent research and experimental findings on THz channel transmission and physical layer security,synthesizing and categorizing the state-of-the-art research in this domain.Our analysis encompasses various atmospheric phenomena,including molecular absorption,scattering effects,and turbulence,elucidating their intricate interactions with THz waves and the resultant implications for channel modeling and system design.Furthermore,we investigate the unique security challenges posed by THz communications,examining potential vulnerabilities and proposing novel countermeasures to enhance the resilience of these high-frequency systems against eavesdropping and other security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges and limitations of such high-frequency wireless communications and provide insights into future research prospects for realizing the 6G vision,emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to overcome the atmospheric hurdles and security concerns in THz communications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171035)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Programme Joint Programme(2024-MSLH-068)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(Doctoral Research Start-up Project)(2023-BSBA-088 and 2023-BSBA-087)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT24BS067 and DUT24BS068)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750307)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(N-21-08)。
文摘The strategic introduction of defects in polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks(POM@MOFs)enables synergistic catalytic effects between POMs and defect sites,achieving catalytic functions unattainable by either component alone.However,the complexity of the POM@MOFs synthetic system makes the controlled construction of defects more challenging than in conventional MOFs.Herein,we develop an atomic substitution-modulated host-vip interaction strategy for controlled synthesis of electron-deficient defect sites in POM@MOFs with tunable missing-linker content.Specifically,the gradual substitution of Mo atoms with V atoms in H_3PMo_(12)O_(40)(PMo_(12))enhances the nucleophilicity of surface oxygen species,thereby strengthening the interaction between POMs and Zr_6-oxo clusters in UiO-67.This enhanced interaction induces varying degrees of ligand loss through coordination competition of POMs with organic ligands during the self-assembly of POM@UiO-67.Meanwhile,POMs acting as electron sponges withdraw electrons from UiO-67,resulting in lower electron density at defect sites compared to traditional defective UiO-67.The induced defect sites exhibit superior catalytic performance in the transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde,due to a significantly reduced hydrogen transfer energy barrier.This work provides a new perspective for designing crystalline porous catalysts with synergistic effects based on the modulation of host-vip interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171035)Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Programme Joint Programme(No.2024-MSLH-068)+1 种基金Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund(Doctoral Research Start-up Project)(Nos.2023-BSBA-088 and 2023-BSBA-087),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M750307)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP),Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.N-21-08).
文摘The conventional synthesis of fine chemicals through multi-step independent reactions frequently necessitates intermittent catalyst substitution and laborious intermediate purification,posing significant challenges to process efficiency and energy sustainability.Herein,we developed a polyoxometalate(POM)-mediated defect engineering strategy to construct a spatially isolated but functionally coupled oxidation-amination dual-active sites by confining H5PV_(2)Mo_(10)O_(40)({PV_(2)Mo_(10)})in UiO-66({PV_(2)Mo_(10)}-0.1@UiO-66),achieving a one-pot two-step tandem conversion of alkenes to amino alcohols.The complete conversion process begins with{PV_(2)Mo10}-catalyzed highly selective epoxidation of the alkenes(step A),followed by the in situ ring-opening amination of the epoxide intermediate by direct addition of the amine under the catalysis of the defective sites on UiO-66,without catalyst replacement and intermediate separation.Spectroscopic and catalytic performance analysis confirmed that the{PV_(2)Mo_(10)}-0.1@UiO-66 with dual-active sites has continuous reaction and multi-cycle structural stability.Based on the rich functionality of POMs and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),their diverse assembly will provide a modular design platform for catalyst design aimed at tandem reactions.
基金This work was supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(2019b030301009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81802060)the start-up funding of Shenzhen University and the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10201301).
文摘Dear Editor,In late December 2019,an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by an unknown etiological agent was initially reported in Wuhan,China,and then quickly spread throughout China and even abroad(Zhu et al.,2020).Swift control measures and etiological investigations were conducted by the Chinese government,physicians and researchers,and by using high throughput sequencing and virological testing,the mysterious pneumonia pathogen was shown to be a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)capable of person-to-person transmission(Zhu et al.,2020).Coronaviruses are a group of non-segmented,enveloped and positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the subfamily of Coronavirinae in the family of Coronavirdiae and order of Nidovirales.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(2020YFC0846300)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10103011,2018ZX10711001)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Project(202002073000001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120147,2019M660836)。
文摘The worldwide epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is ongoing.Rapid and accurate detection of the causative virus SARSCoV-2 is vital for the treatment and control of COVID-19.In this study,the comparative sensitivity of different respiratory specimen types were retrospectively analyzed using 3,552 clinical samples from 410 COVID-19 patients confirmed by Guangdong CDC(Center for Disease Control and Prevention).Except for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the sputum possessed the highest positive rate(73.4%–87.5%),followed by nasal swabs(53.1%–85.3%)for both severe and mild cases during the first 14 days after illness onset(d.a.o.).Viral RNA could be detected in all BALF samples collected from the severe group within 14 d.a.o.and lasted up to 46 d.a.o.Moreover,although viral RNA was negative in the upper respiratory samples,it was also positive in BALF samples in most cases from the severe group during treatment.Notably,no viral RNA was detected in BALF samples from the mild group.Despite typical ground-glass opacity observed via computed tomographic scans,no viral RNA was detected in the first three or all upper respiratory tract specimens from some COVID-19 patients.In conclusion,sputum is most sensitive for routine laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19,followed by nasal swabs.Detection of viral RNA in BALF improves diagnostic accuracy in severe COVID-19 patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)32350610245,32150410345,32070307 and 32270308Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities in Henan,China(23HASTIT036).
文摘Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a stress coping/survival strategy and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process require further studies to enhance the crop's salt tolerance ability.A nuclear pore complex(NPC)component,HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1(HOS1),has been recognized as a negative regulator of plant cold responses and flowering.Here,we challenged the role of HOS1 in regulating flowering in response to salinity stress.Interestingly,we discovered that HOS1 can directly interact with and ubiquitinate transcription factor SPL9(SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9)to promote its protein degradation in response to salinity stress.Moreover,we demonstrated that HOS1 and SPL9 antagonistically regulate plant flowering under both normal and salt stress conditions.HOS1 was further shown to negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and several key flowering genes in response to salinity stress.These results jointly revealed that HOS1 is an important integrator in the process of modulating salinity-delayed flowering,thus offering new perspectives on a salinity stress coping strategy of plants.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81472739)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20151214)
文摘Objective: Real-time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single immunocyte level,based on the concept of immune cells, sociology has been recently reported. However,the relationships between glioma-initiating cells(GICs) and host immune cells and their mutual interactions in the tumor microenvironment have not been directly observed and remain unclear. Methods: The dual fluorescence tracing technique was applied to label the co-cultured GICs and host macrophages(M?), and the interactions between the two types of cells were observed using a live cell imaging system. Fusion cells in the co-culture system were monocloned and proliferated in vitro and their social interactions were observed and recorded. Results: Using real-time dynamic observation of target cells, 6 types of intercellular conjunction microtubes were found to function in the transfer of intercellular information between GICs and M?; GICs and host M? can fuse into hybrid cells after several rounds of mutual interactions, and then these fusion cells fused with each other; Fusion cells generated offspring cells through symmetrical and asymmetrical division or underwent apoptosis. A "cell in cell" phenomenon was observed in the fusion cells, which was often followed by cell release, namely entosis. Conclusions: Preliminary studies revealed the patterns of cell conjunction via microtubes between GICs and host M? and the processes of cell fusion, division, and entosis. The results revealed malignant transformation of host M?, induced by GICs, suggesting complex social relationships among tumor-immune cells in gliomas.
基金financial support from the Tackling Key Program of Science and Technology of Henan Province(212102110087)the innovative research team(in science and tech-nology)in the university of Henan Province(22IRTSTHN025)the Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology,Ministry of Agriculture,China(KLVE201702).
文摘Biogenic amine(BA)is a class of nitrogen-containing small molecular organic compounds with biological activity.Excessive BAs in wine affect flavor and quality of wine and are hazardous to human health.However,little attention has been paid to the effect of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermentation on BAs in white wine.The effect of mixed fermentation on BAs and amino acids in wine was investigated using two white grapes of Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer.Higher levels of total amino acids and BAs in Gewürztraminer wine compared to Sauvignon Blanc wine may be due to different grape varieties.Mixed fermentation did not influence BA profiles in Sauvignon Blanc wine,while it increased total BAs content.VL3(VL)fermented wine has 33.7%less BAs content than EC1118(EC)single-strain fermented wine.Similar phenomenon was found in Gewürztraminer wine produced by different fermentation combinations except that cadaverine was only detected in wine produced by Hanseniaspora uvarum participated in mixed fermentations.Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)and permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)revealed that the effects on BAs were related to grape varieties and yeast species in white wine.Ethanolamine,tryptamine,isoamylamine and histamine content in wine were related to grape varieties.Collectively,mixed fermentation increased BAs content in Sauvignon Blanc and Gewürztraminer wine.The content of BAs in wine fermented by VL single-strain fermentation was lower than that fermented by EC single-strain fermentation,which is more suitable for the winemaking of white wine.
