The development of allometric biomass models is important process in biomass estimation because the reliability of forest biomass and carbon estimations largely depends on the accuracy and precision of such models.Nat...The development of allometric biomass models is important process in biomass estimation because the reliability of forest biomass and carbon estimations largely depends on the accuracy and precision of such models.National Forest Inventories(NFI)are detailed assessments of forest resources at national and regional levels that provide valuable data for forest biomass estimation.However,the lack of biomass allometric equations for each tree species in the NFI currently hampers the estimation of national-scale forest biomass.The main objective of this study was to develop allometric biomass regression equations for each tree species in the NFI of China based on limited biomass observations.These equations optimally grouped NFI and biomass observation species according to their phylogenetic relationships.Significant phylogenetic signals demonstrated phylogenetic conservation of the crown-to-stem biomass ratio.Based on phylogenetic relationships,we grouped and matched NFI and biomass observation species into 22 categories.Allometric biomass regression models were developed for each of these 22 species categories,and the models performed successfully(R^(2)=0.97,root mean square error(RMSE)=12.9t·ha^(–1),relative RMSE=11.5%).Furthermore,we found that phylogeny-based models performed more effectively than wood density-based models.The results suggest that grouping species based on their phylogenetic relationships is a reliable approach for the development and selection of accurate allometric equations.展开更多
Backgound:The combination of osimertinib and savolitinib as second-line treatment after epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)resistance can significantly improve median progression-free ...Backgound:The combination of osimertinib and savolitinib as second-line treatment after epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)resistance can significantly improve median progression-free survival(mPFS),objective response rate(ORR),and duration of remission(DOR).The combination therapy is safe and controllable,with no new safety signals or unexpected toxicity.However,the mechanism of drug resistance for tumor progression after dual-targeted therapy is currently unclear,and there is no clinical data reference for treatment after drug resistance.This case suggests some treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma patient after dual-targeted therapy with osimertinib and savolitinib.Case presentation:A patient with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma developed mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor(MET)amplification-related resistance after first-line almonertinib.Subsequent sequential regimens—osimertinib plus savolitinib,chemo-immuno-antiangiogenesis therapy,and finally furmonertinib plus capmatinib—each yielded transient benefit.Results:The report shows that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy,as well as the dual-targeted therapy of firmonertinib and capmatinib,prolonged the overall survival of the patient.Conclusions:This case suggests some treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma patient after dual-targeted therapy with osimertinib and savolitinib.The results indicated that traditional treatment or the combination of MET-TKI with another targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO_x), as one of the main pollutants, can contribute to a series of environmental problems, and to date the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x with NH_3 in the presence of excess of O_2 over the c...Nitric oxide(NO_x), as one of the main pollutants, can contribute to a series of environmental problems, and to date the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x with NH_3 in the presence of excess of O_2 over the catalysts has served as one of the most effective methods, in which Mn-based catalysts have been widely studied owing to their excellent low-temperature activity toward NH3-SCR. However, the related structure-activity relation was not satisfactorily explored at the atomic level. By virtue of DFT+U calculations together with microkinetic analysis, we systemically investigate the selective catalytic reduction process of NO with NH_3 over Mn_3 O_4(110), and identify the crucial thermodynamic and kinetic factors that limit the catalytic activity and selectivity.It is found that NH3 prefers to adsorb on the Lewis acid site and then dehydrogenates into NH_2~* assisted by either the two-or three-fold lattice oxygen; NH_2~* would then react with the gaseous NO to form an important intermediate NH_2 NO that prefers to convert into N_2 O rather than N_2 after the sequential dehydrogenation, while the residual H atoms interact with O_2 and left the surface in the form of H_2 O. The rate-determining step is proposed to be the coupling reaction between NH_2~* and gaseous NO.Regarding the complex surface structure of Mn_3 O_4(110),the main active sites are quantitatively revealed to be O_(3 c) and Mn_(4 c).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC4027)the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20570).
文摘The development of allometric biomass models is important process in biomass estimation because the reliability of forest biomass and carbon estimations largely depends on the accuracy and precision of such models.National Forest Inventories(NFI)are detailed assessments of forest resources at national and regional levels that provide valuable data for forest biomass estimation.However,the lack of biomass allometric equations for each tree species in the NFI currently hampers the estimation of national-scale forest biomass.The main objective of this study was to develop allometric biomass regression equations for each tree species in the NFI of China based on limited biomass observations.These equations optimally grouped NFI and biomass observation species according to their phylogenetic relationships.Significant phylogenetic signals demonstrated phylogenetic conservation of the crown-to-stem biomass ratio.Based on phylogenetic relationships,we grouped and matched NFI and biomass observation species into 22 categories.Allometric biomass regression models were developed for each of these 22 species categories,and the models performed successfully(R^(2)=0.97,root mean square error(RMSE)=12.9t·ha^(–1),relative RMSE=11.5%).Furthermore,we found that phylogeny-based models performed more effectively than wood density-based models.The results suggest that grouping species based on their phylogenetic relationships is a reliable approach for the development and selection of accurate allometric equations.
文摘Backgound:The combination of osimertinib and savolitinib as second-line treatment after epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)resistance can significantly improve median progression-free survival(mPFS),objective response rate(ORR),and duration of remission(DOR).The combination therapy is safe and controllable,with no new safety signals or unexpected toxicity.However,the mechanism of drug resistance for tumor progression after dual-targeted therapy is currently unclear,and there is no clinical data reference for treatment after drug resistance.This case suggests some treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma patient after dual-targeted therapy with osimertinib and savolitinib.Case presentation:A patient with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma developed mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor(MET)amplification-related resistance after first-line almonertinib.Subsequent sequential regimens—osimertinib plus savolitinib,chemo-immuno-antiangiogenesis therapy,and finally furmonertinib plus capmatinib—each yielded transient benefit.Results:The report shows that the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy,as well as the dual-targeted therapy of firmonertinib and capmatinib,prolonged the overall survival of the patient.Conclusions:This case suggests some treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma patient after dual-targeted therapy with osimertinib and savolitinib.The results indicated that traditional treatment or the combination of MET-TKI with another targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21333003,21622305)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20150131)+1 种基金"Shu Guang"project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(13SG30)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WJ616007)
文摘Nitric oxide(NO_x), as one of the main pollutants, can contribute to a series of environmental problems, and to date the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x with NH_3 in the presence of excess of O_2 over the catalysts has served as one of the most effective methods, in which Mn-based catalysts have been widely studied owing to their excellent low-temperature activity toward NH3-SCR. However, the related structure-activity relation was not satisfactorily explored at the atomic level. By virtue of DFT+U calculations together with microkinetic analysis, we systemically investigate the selective catalytic reduction process of NO with NH_3 over Mn_3 O_4(110), and identify the crucial thermodynamic and kinetic factors that limit the catalytic activity and selectivity.It is found that NH3 prefers to adsorb on the Lewis acid site and then dehydrogenates into NH_2~* assisted by either the two-or three-fold lattice oxygen; NH_2~* would then react with the gaseous NO to form an important intermediate NH_2 NO that prefers to convert into N_2 O rather than N_2 after the sequential dehydrogenation, while the residual H atoms interact with O_2 and left the surface in the form of H_2 O. The rate-determining step is proposed to be the coupling reaction between NH_2~* and gaseous NO.Regarding the complex surface structure of Mn_3 O_4(110),the main active sites are quantitatively revealed to be O_(3 c) and Mn_(4 c).
