Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few wo...Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few works referring to dynamic optical properties of the scales.Here,the dynamic coloration effect of the multiple scales was studied based on the mea-surements of varying-angle reflection and the characterization of scale flexibility in two species of Lycaenid,Plebejus argyrognomon with violet wings and Polyommatus erotides with blue wings.We explored the angle-dependent color changeability and the color-mediating efficiency of wing scales.It was found that the three main kinds of flexible scales(cover,ground and androconia scales)were asynchronously bent during wing rotation,which caused the discoloration effect.The three layers of composite scales broaden the light signal when compared to the single scale,which may be of great significance to the recognition of insects.Specifically,the androconia scales were shown to strongly contribute to the overall wing coloration.The cover scale coloration was ascribed to the coherence scattering resulted from the short-range order at intermediate spatial frequencies from the 2D Fourier power spectra.Our findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the complex characteristics of biological coloration and to provide new inspirations for the fabrication of biomimetic flexible discoloration materials.展开更多
Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigati...Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigation.Given the limited variety of secondary tumor types reported to date,a comprehensive characterization of the various secondary tumors arising after CAR-T therapy is essential to understand the associated risks and to define the role of the immune microenvironment in malignant transformation.This study aims to characterize the immune microenvironment of a newly identified secondary tumor post-CAR-T therapy,to clarify its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:In this study,the bone marrow(BM)samples were collected by aspiration from the primary and secondary tumors before and after CD19 CAR-T treatment.The CD45+BM cells were enriched with human CD45 microbeads.The CD45+cells were then sent for 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify cell populations.The Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used for detailed analysis.Results:In this study,a rare type of secondary chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML)were reported in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)who had previously received CD19 CAR-T therapy.The scRNA-seq analysis revealed increased inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and an immunosuppressive state of monocytes/macrophages,which may impair cytotoxic activity in both T and natural killer(NK)cells in secondary CMML before treatment.In contrast,their cytotoxicity was restored in secondary CMML after treatment.Conclusions:This finding delineates a previously unrecognized type of secondary tumor,CMML,after CAR-T therapy and provide a framework for defining the immune microenvironment of secondary tumor occurrence after CAR-T therapy.In addition,the results provide a rationale for targeting macrophages to improve treatment strategies for CMML treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31772513 to MXS and 32070470 to APL).
文摘Butterfly coloration originates from the finely structured scales grown on the underlying wing cuticle.Most researchers who study butterfly scales are focused on the static optic properties of cover scales,with few works referring to dynamic optical properties of the scales.Here,the dynamic coloration effect of the multiple scales was studied based on the mea-surements of varying-angle reflection and the characterization of scale flexibility in two species of Lycaenid,Plebejus argyrognomon with violet wings and Polyommatus erotides with blue wings.We explored the angle-dependent color changeability and the color-mediating efficiency of wing scales.It was found that the three main kinds of flexible scales(cover,ground and androconia scales)were asynchronously bent during wing rotation,which caused the discoloration effect.The three layers of composite scales broaden the light signal when compared to the single scale,which may be of great significance to the recognition of insects.Specifically,the androconia scales were shown to strongly contribute to the overall wing coloration.The cover scale coloration was ascribed to the coherence scattering resulted from the short-range order at intermediate spatial frequencies from the 2D Fourier power spectra.Our findings are expected to deepen the understanding of the complex characteristics of biological coloration and to provide new inspirations for the fabrication of biomimetic flexible discoloration materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370144,82270149,82170211,32100698,82270141,82370219,82000163,and 82200190)Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Project(Nos.SBGJ202101007,LHGJ20220305,LHGJ20220301,LHGJ20200366,SBGJ202102146,and SBGJ202102063)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Nos.222300420068,242300421080,222300420333,and 222300420567)Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.222102310204)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.232102521027)Leading Talent Project of Henan Province(No.LJRC2023004)Funding for the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.
文摘Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigation.Given the limited variety of secondary tumor types reported to date,a comprehensive characterization of the various secondary tumors arising after CAR-T therapy is essential to understand the associated risks and to define the role of the immune microenvironment in malignant transformation.This study aims to characterize the immune microenvironment of a newly identified secondary tumor post-CAR-T therapy,to clarify its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:In this study,the bone marrow(BM)samples were collected by aspiration from the primary and secondary tumors before and after CD19 CAR-T treatment.The CD45+BM cells were enriched with human CD45 microbeads.The CD45+cells were then sent for 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify cell populations.The Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used for detailed analysis.Results:In this study,a rare type of secondary chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML)were reported in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)who had previously received CD19 CAR-T therapy.The scRNA-seq analysis revealed increased inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and an immunosuppressive state of monocytes/macrophages,which may impair cytotoxic activity in both T and natural killer(NK)cells in secondary CMML before treatment.In contrast,their cytotoxicity was restored in secondary CMML after treatment.Conclusions:This finding delineates a previously unrecognized type of secondary tumor,CMML,after CAR-T therapy and provide a framework for defining the immune microenvironment of secondary tumor occurrence after CAR-T therapy.In addition,the results provide a rationale for targeting macrophages to improve treatment strategies for CMML treatment.
