Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living ...Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Major Program of Hubei Province(2024BBA002)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(No.2023BBB065 and No.2024EBA010).
文摘Cadmium(Cd),a highly toxic heavy metal,represents a major global environmental threat due to its widespread dispersion through anthropogenic activities.Environmental Cd contamination poses significant risks to living organisms,including humans,animals,and plants.Certain plant species have evolved Cd hyperaccumulating capabilities to adapt to high-Cd habitats,playing critical roles in phytoremediation strategies.Here we review the biodiversity and biogeography of Cd hyperaccumulators,the underlying mechanisms of Cd uptake and accumulation,and the ecological impacts of hyperaccumulation.Themajor points are the following:twenty-fourCd hyperaccumulator species have been documented,with shoot Cd concentrations ranging from 170-9000 mg⋅kg−1;core mechanisms involve root uptake by metal transporters(e.g.,heavy-metal ATPases,and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins),ligand-facilitated translocation via organic acids and phytochelatins,andABCtransporter-mediated vacuolar sequestration.Cd hyperaccumulators exert complex effects on rhizosphere microbiota,herbivores,and neighboring plant communities.Future research priorities should focus on the functional characterization of Cd transporters and regulatory genes,and comprehensive assessments of the ecological consequences of Cd accumulation in plants.
