In the two-dimensional(2D)melting transition of colloidal systems,the hexatic-isotropic(H-I)transition can be either first-order or continuous.However,how particle dynamics differs at the single-particle level during ...In the two-dimensional(2D)melting transition of colloidal systems,the hexatic-isotropic(H-I)transition can be either first-order or continuous.However,how particle dynamics differs at the single-particle level during these two different melting transitions remains to be disclosed.In this work,by Brownian dynamics(BD)simulations,we have systematically studied the dynamic behavior of corner-rounded hexagons during the H-I transition,for a range of corner-roundness𝜁=0.40 to 0.99 that covers the crossover from the continuous to first-order nature of H-I transition.The results show that hexagons with𝜁≤0.5 display a continuous H-I transition,whereas those with𝜁≥0.6 demonstrate a first-order H-I transition.Dynamic analysis shows different evolution pathways of the dominant cluster formed by migrating particles,which results in a droplet-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.40 hexagons and a tree-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.99 hexagons.Further investigations on the hopping activities of particles suggest a cooperative origin of migrating clusters.Our work provides a new aspect to understand the dependence of the nature of H-I transition on the roundness of hexagons through particle dynamic behavior.展开更多
Utilizing a bespoke CO_(2) phase transition pulse pressure experimental system,we conducted pulse pressure characterization tests across various activator masses,CO_(2) filling pressures,and energy discharge plate thi...Utilizing a bespoke CO_(2) phase transition pulse pressure experimental system,we conducted pulse pressure characterization tests across various activator masses,CO_(2) filling pressures,and energy discharge plate thick-nesses.This approach enabled us to ascertain the pulse pressure's response characteristics and variation patterns under diverse conditions.The formula for calculating the peak supercritical CO_(2) pulse pressure was deduced by modeling the ultimate load calculation of the clamped circular plate,and then the time-course expression of the supercritical CO_(2) phase transition pulse pressure and energy was carried out by introducing the time factor and taking into account the parameters of the activator mass and the thickness of the energy discharging plate.Our findings reveal a four-stage pressure evolution in the cracking tube during initiation:a gradual increase,a rapid spike,swift attenuation,and eventual negative pressure formation.The activator mass and discharge plate thickness critically influence the peak pressure's timing and magnitude.Specifically,increased activator mass hastens peak pressure onset,while a thicker discharge plate amplifies it.The errors between calculated and experimental values for peak supercritical CO_(2) phase transition pressure fall within5%–5%.Furthermore,the pressure peak and arrival time model demonstrates less than 10%error compared to experimental data,affirming its strong applicability.These insights offer theoretical guidance for controlling phase transition pressure and optimizing energy in supercritical CO_(2) systems.展开更多
Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of...Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities,especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases.Additionally,due to their vesicular structure,EVs(in small molecules,nucleic acids,proteins,etc.)could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers.Herein,we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs,summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment,and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers.We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.展开更多
The real-time accurate description of all spatial features of railway and their spatiotemporal relationships is a crucial factor in realizing comprehensive management and related decision-making within the entire life...The real-time accurate description of all spatial features of railway and their spatiotemporal relationships is a crucial factor in realizing comprehensive management and related decision-making within the entire life cycle of railways.Nevertheless,available spatiotemporal data models mainly use static historical sequence data,which are insufficient to support multi-source heterogeneous real-time sensed data;they lack a systematic depiction of the interactive relationships among multiple feature entities,and are limited to low-level descriptive analysis.Therefore,this study proposes a data-model-knowledge integrated representation data model for a digital twin railway,which explicitly describes the spatiotemporal,and interaction relationships among railway features through a conceptual knowledge graph.This study first analyzes the characteristics of railway features from above ground to underground,and then constructs a conceptual model to clearly describe the complex relationships among railway features.Secondly,a logical model is developed to illustrate the basic data structure.Thirdly,an ontology model is constructed as a basic framework for further deepening the domain knowledge graph.Finally,considering the prevention of landslides as an example,it demonstrates the abundant spatiotemporal relationships among railway related features.The results of this study bring more clear understanding of the complex interactive relationships of railway entities.展开更多
While precision medicine driven by genome sequencing has revolutionized cancer care,such as lung cancer,its impact on gastric cancer(GC)has been minimal.GC patients are routinely treated with chemotherapy,but only a f...While precision medicine driven by genome sequencing has revolutionized cancer care,such as lung cancer,its impact on gastric cancer(GC)has been minimal.GC patients are routinely treated with chemotherapy,but only a fraction of them receive the clinical benefit.There is an urgent need to develop biomarkers or algorithms to select chemo-sensitive patients or apply targeted therapy.Here,we carried out retrospective analyses of 1,020 formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded GC surgical resection samples from 5 hospitals and developed a mass spectrometry-based workflow for proteomic subtyping of GC.We identified two proteomic subtypes:the chemo-sensitive group(CSG)and the chemo-insensitive group(CIG)in the discovery set.The 5-year overall survival of CSG was significantly improved in patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery compared with those who received surgery only(64.2%vs.49.6%;Cox P-value=0.002),whereas no such improvement was observed in CIG(50.0%vs.58.6%;Cox P-value=0.495).We validated these results in an independent validation set.Further,differential proteome analysis uncovered 9 FDA-approved drugs that may be applicable for targeted therapy of GC.A prospective study is warranted to test these findings for future GC patient care.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11874277,21621004 and 12104453)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB33030300).
文摘In the two-dimensional(2D)melting transition of colloidal systems,the hexatic-isotropic(H-I)transition can be either first-order or continuous.However,how particle dynamics differs at the single-particle level during these two different melting transitions remains to be disclosed.In this work,by Brownian dynamics(BD)simulations,we have systematically studied the dynamic behavior of corner-rounded hexagons during the H-I transition,for a range of corner-roundness𝜁=0.40 to 0.99 that covers the crossover from the continuous to first-order nature of H-I transition.The results show that hexagons with𝜁≤0.5 display a continuous H-I transition,whereas those with𝜁≥0.6 demonstrate a first-order H-I transition.Dynamic analysis shows different evolution pathways of the dominant cluster formed by migrating particles,which results in a droplet-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.40 hexagons and a tree-like cluster structure for𝜁=0.99 hexagons.Further investigations on the hopping activities of particles suggest a cooperative origin of migrating clusters.Our work provides a new aspect to understand the dependence of the nature of H-I transition on the roundness of hexagons through particle dynamic behavior.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Number 41907261)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(Project Number CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0913)Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(Project Number CYB23253).
文摘Utilizing a bespoke CO_(2) phase transition pulse pressure experimental system,we conducted pulse pressure characterization tests across various activator masses,CO_(2) filling pressures,and energy discharge plate thick-nesses.This approach enabled us to ascertain the pulse pressure's response characteristics and variation patterns under diverse conditions.The formula for calculating the peak supercritical CO_(2) pulse pressure was deduced by modeling the ultimate load calculation of the clamped circular plate,and then the time-course expression of the supercritical CO_(2) phase transition pulse pressure and energy was carried out by introducing the time factor and taking into account the parameters of the activator mass and the thickness of the energy discharging plate.Our findings reveal a four-stage pressure evolution in the cracking tube during initiation:a gradual increase,a rapid spike,swift attenuation,and eventual negative pressure formation.The activator mass and discharge plate thickness critically influence the peak pressure's timing and magnitude.Specifically,increased activator mass hastens peak pressure onset,while a thicker discharge plate amplifies it.The errors between calculated and experimental values for peak supercritical CO_(2) phase transition pressure fall within5%–5%.Furthermore,the pressure peak and arrival time model demonstrates less than 10%error compared to experimental data,affirming its strong applicability.These insights offer theoretical guidance for controlling phase transition pressure and optimizing energy in supercritical CO_(2) systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901007,81630023,81970852,and 82000962)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,China(2018-I2M-3-006 and 2019-I2M-5-022,China)+6 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130006ZX)the Open Project Fund provided by Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety,CAS(NSKF202019,China)the State Key Laboratory Special Fund 2060204the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0905200)the program for the Changjiang scholars and innovative research team(IRT13082,China)the Beijing Bai-Qian-Wan talent project(2019A32,China)the Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project(2019-10,China)
文摘Natural extracellular vesicles(EVs)play important roles in many life processes such as in the intermolecular transfer of substances and genetic information exchanges.Investigating the origins and working mechanisms of natural EVs may provide an understanding of life activities,especially regarding the occurrence and development of diseases.Additionally,due to their vesicular structure,EVs(in small molecules,nucleic acids,proteins,etc.)could act as efficient drug-delivery carriers.Herein,we describe the sources and biological functions of various EVs,summarize the roles of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment,and review the application of EVs as drug-delivery carriers.We also assess the challenges and perspectives of EVs in biomedical applications.
基金supported by the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Number 41941019supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources under Grant Number KF-2021-06-033.
文摘The real-time accurate description of all spatial features of railway and their spatiotemporal relationships is a crucial factor in realizing comprehensive management and related decision-making within the entire life cycle of railways.Nevertheless,available spatiotemporal data models mainly use static historical sequence data,which are insufficient to support multi-source heterogeneous real-time sensed data;they lack a systematic depiction of the interactive relationships among multiple feature entities,and are limited to low-level descriptive analysis.Therefore,this study proposes a data-model-knowledge integrated representation data model for a digital twin railway,which explicitly describes the spatiotemporal,and interaction relationships among railway features through a conceptual knowledge graph.This study first analyzes the characteristics of railway features from above ground to underground,and then constructs a conceptual model to clearly describe the complex relationships among railway features.Secondly,a logical model is developed to illustrate the basic data structure.Thirdly,an ontology model is constructed as a basic framework for further deepening the domain knowledge graph.Finally,considering the prevention of landslides as an example,it demonstrates the abundant spatiotemporal relationships among railway related features.The results of this study bring more clear understanding of the complex interactive relationships of railway entities.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1308900,2017YFC0908404,2018YFA0507503,2017YFA0505103)Beijing Municipal Government Key Research and Development Program(Z181100001918020,Z161100002616036)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870828,81972790,81672319)the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Programmes(2019B020229002)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201902020009)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CBA02002)the National Key Technology Support Program(2015BAI13B07).
文摘While precision medicine driven by genome sequencing has revolutionized cancer care,such as lung cancer,its impact on gastric cancer(GC)has been minimal.GC patients are routinely treated with chemotherapy,but only a fraction of them receive the clinical benefit.There is an urgent need to develop biomarkers or algorithms to select chemo-sensitive patients or apply targeted therapy.Here,we carried out retrospective analyses of 1,020 formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded GC surgical resection samples from 5 hospitals and developed a mass spectrometry-based workflow for proteomic subtyping of GC.We identified two proteomic subtypes:the chemo-sensitive group(CSG)and the chemo-insensitive group(CIG)in the discovery set.The 5-year overall survival of CSG was significantly improved in patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery compared with those who received surgery only(64.2%vs.49.6%;Cox P-value=0.002),whereas no such improvement was observed in CIG(50.0%vs.58.6%;Cox P-value=0.495).We validated these results in an independent validation set.Further,differential proteome analysis uncovered 9 FDA-approved drugs that may be applicable for targeted therapy of GC.A prospective study is warranted to test these findings for future GC patient care.
