Endosperm as the storage organ of starch and protein in cereal crops largely determines grain yield and quality.Despite the fact that several pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins required for endosperm development ha...Endosperm as the storage organ of starch and protein in cereal crops largely determines grain yield and quality.Despite the fact that several pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins required for endosperm development have been identified in rice,the molecular mechanisms of many P-type PPR proteins in endosperm development remains unclear.Here,we isolated a rice floury endosperm mutant ppr5 that developed small starch grains and an abnormal aleurone layer,accompanied by decreased starch,protein,and amylose contents.Map-based cloning combined with a complementation test demonstrated that PPR5 encodes a P-type PPR protein that is localized to the mitochondria.The mutation in PPR5 caused reduced splicing efficiency of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4(nad4)gene intron 3 and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Loss of PPR5 function greatly upregulated expression of alternative oxidases(AOXs),reduced ATP production,and affected mitochondrial morphology.We demonstrate that PPR5,as a P-type PPR protein,is required for mitochondrial function and endosperm development by controlling the cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 3.展开更多
In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and ...In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and external operating environment. It combines the two factors, contingency likelihood and severity, that determine system reliability, into risk indices on different loads and operation modes, which provide precise evaluation of the power grid＇s security performance. According to these indices, it can know the vulnerable area of the system and whether the normal operating mode or repair mode is over-limited or not, and provide decision-making support for dispatchers. Common cause outages and equipment-aging are considered in terms of the establishment of outage model. Multiple risk indices are defined in order to reflect the risk level of the power grid more comprehensively.展开更多
Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical signal for plant cold tolerance,the ...Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical signal for plant cold tolerance,the calcium channels responsible for this process have remained largely elusive.Here we report that OsCNGC9,a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel,positively regulates chilling tolerance by mediating cytoplasmic calcium elevation in rice(Oryza sativa).We showed that the loss-of-function mutant of OsCNGC9 is defective in cold-induced calcium influx and more sensitive to prolonged cold treatment,whereas OsCNGC9 overexpression confers enhanced cold tolerance.Mechanistically,we demonstrated that in response to chilling stress,OsSAPK8,a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana OST1,phosphorylates and activates OsCNGC9 to trigger Ca2+influx.Moreover,we found that the transcription of OsCNGC9 is activated by a rice dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factor,OsDREB1A.Taken together,our results suggest that OsCNGC9 enhances chilling tolerance in rice through regulating cold-induced calcium influx and cytoplasmic calcium elevation.展开更多
Heading date(or flowering time)is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice,influencing its regional adaptability and crop yield.Many major-effect genes for rice heading date have been identified,but in pract...Heading date(or flowering time)is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice,influencing its regional adaptability and crop yield.Many major-effect genes for rice heading date have been identified,but in practice they are difficult to be used for rice molecular breeding because of their dramatic effects on heading date.Genes with minor effects on heading date,which are more desirable for fine-tuning flowering time without significant yield penalty,were seldom reported.In this study,we identified a new minor-effect heading date repressor,Delayed Heading Date 4(DHD4).The dhd4 mutant shows a slightly earlier flowering phenotype without a notable yield penalty compared with wild-type plants under natural long-day conditions.DHD4 encodes a CONSTANS-like transcription factor localized in the nucleus.Molecular,biochemical,and genetic assays show that DHD4 can compete with 14-3-3 to interact with OsFD1,thus affecting the formation of the Hd3a-14-3-3-OsFD1 triprotein FAC complex,resulting in reduced expression of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15,and ultimately delaying flowering.Taken together,these results shed new light on the regulation of flowering time in rice and provide a promising target for fine-tuning flowering time to improve the regional adaptability of rice.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins, composing one of the largest protein families in plants,are involved in RNA binding and regulation of organelle RNA metabolism at the posttranscriptional level. Although several...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins, composing one of the largest protein families in plants,are involved in RNA binding and regulation of organelle RNA metabolism at the posttranscriptional level. Although several PPR proteins have been implicated in endosperm development in rice(Oryza sativa), the molecular functions of many PPRs remain obscure. Here, we identified a rice endosperm mutant named floury endosperm 18(flo18) with pleiotropic defects in both reproductive and vegetative development.Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that FLO18 encodes a mitochondriontargeted P-type PPR protein with 15 PPR motifs.Mitochondrial function was disrupted in the flo18 mutant, as evidenced by decreased assembly of Complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and altered mitochondrial morphology. Loss of FLO18 function resulted in defective 5′-end processing of mitochondrial nad5 transcripts encoding subunit 5 of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase. These results suggested that FLO18 is involved in 5′-end processing of nad5 messenger RNA and plays an important role in mitochondrial function and endosperm development.展开更多
Membrane technology has achieved significant progress in recent decades,primarily due to its attributes of high separation efficiency,low energy consumption,compact footprint,and affordable capital costs[1].Metal-orga...Membrane technology has achieved significant progress in recent decades,primarily due to its attributes of high separation efficiency,low energy consumption,compact footprint,and affordable capital costs[1].Metal-organic framework(MOF),a class of highly porous crystalline materials with ordered porous topology and tunable chemical functionality,has demonstrated great potential as superb membrane candidate[2].Nonetheless,the trade-off between permeability and selectivity still remains.展开更多
Nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamond are progressively favored for room-temperature magnetic field measurement.The signal to noise ratio(SNR)optimization for NV diamond magnetometry generally concentrates on signal ...Nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamond are progressively favored for room-temperature magnetic field measurement.The signal to noise ratio(SNR)optimization for NV diamond magnetometry generally concentrates on signal amplitude enhancement rather than efficient noise processing.Here,we report a compound filter system combining a wavelet denoising method and an adaptive filter for the realization of an efficient weak magnetic measurement with a high SNR.It allows enhanced magnetic field measurement with an average SNR enhancement of 17.80 dB at 50 nT within 500 mHz to 100 Hz and14.76 dB at 500 mHz within 50 n T to 1100 n T.The introduction of this system in NV diamond magnetometry is aimed to improve signal quality by effectively eliminating the noise and retaining ideal signals.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901427)the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program(2019ZX08010-003)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-ZDXT2018001)the Young Talent of CAAS to Yulong Ren.
文摘Endosperm as the storage organ of starch and protein in cereal crops largely determines grain yield and quality.Despite the fact that several pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins required for endosperm development have been identified in rice,the molecular mechanisms of many P-type PPR proteins in endosperm development remains unclear.Here,we isolated a rice floury endosperm mutant ppr5 that developed small starch grains and an abnormal aleurone layer,accompanied by decreased starch,protein,and amylose contents.Map-based cloning combined with a complementation test demonstrated that PPR5 encodes a P-type PPR protein that is localized to the mitochondria.The mutation in PPR5 caused reduced splicing efficiency of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4(nad4)gene intron 3 and reduced complex I assembly and activity.Loss of PPR5 function greatly upregulated expression of alternative oxidases(AOXs),reduced ATP production,and affected mitochondrial morphology.We demonstrate that PPR5,as a P-type PPR protein,is required for mitochondrial function and endosperm development by controlling the cis-splicing of mitochondrial nad4 intron 3.
文摘In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and external operating environment. It combines the two factors, contingency likelihood and severity, that determine system reliability, into risk indices on different loads and operation modes, which provide precise evaluation of the power grid＇s security performance. According to these indices, it can know the vulnerable area of the system and whether the normal operating mode or repair mode is over-limited or not, and provide decision-making support for dispatchers. Common cause outages and equipment-aging are considered in terms of the establishment of outage model. Multiple risk indices are defined in order to reflect the risk level of the power grid more comprehensively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grants 2020YFE0202300,2016YFD0100903,and 2017YFD0100401)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(grants CAAS-ZDXT2018001,CAAS-ZDXT2018002,CAASZDXT2019003,and Young Talent to Y.R.)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program(BE2017368)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(no.Y2020YJ10).This work was also supported by the Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River,the Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.China,and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production.
文摘Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical signal for plant cold tolerance,the calcium channels responsible for this process have remained largely elusive.Here we report that OsCNGC9,a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel,positively regulates chilling tolerance by mediating cytoplasmic calcium elevation in rice(Oryza sativa).We showed that the loss-of-function mutant of OsCNGC9 is defective in cold-induced calcium influx and more sensitive to prolonged cold treatment,whereas OsCNGC9 overexpression confers enhanced cold tolerance.Mechanistically,we demonstrated that in response to chilling stress,OsSAPK8,a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana OST1,phosphorylates and activates OsCNGC9 to trigger Ca2+influx.Moreover,we found that the transcription of OsCNGC9 is activated by a rice dehydration-responsive element-binding transcription factor,OsDREB1A.Taken together,our results suggest that OsCNGC9 enhances chilling tolerance in rice through regulating cold-induced calcium influx and cytoplasmic calcium elevation.
基金This research was supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China for Transgenic Research,China(2016ZX08009-003)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Y2020YJ10)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31771764,91935303,31871603,and U1701232)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2016YFD0100403 and 2016YFD0100301)the CAAS Innovation Project,China(CAASZDXT2019003).
文摘Heading date(or flowering time)is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice,influencing its regional adaptability and crop yield.Many major-effect genes for rice heading date have been identified,but in practice they are difficult to be used for rice molecular breeding because of their dramatic effects on heading date.Genes with minor effects on heading date,which are more desirable for fine-tuning flowering time without significant yield penalty,were seldom reported.In this study,we identified a new minor-effect heading date repressor,Delayed Heading Date 4(DHD4).The dhd4 mutant shows a slightly earlier flowering phenotype without a notable yield penalty compared with wild-type plants under natural long-day conditions.DHD4 encodes a CONSTANS-like transcription factor localized in the nucleus.Molecular,biochemical,and genetic assays show that DHD4 can compete with 14-3-3 to interact with OsFD1,thus affecting the formation of the Hd3a-14-3-3-OsFD1 triprotein FAC complex,resulting in reduced expression of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15,and ultimately delaying flowering.Taken together,these results shed new light on the regulation of flowering time in rice and provide a promising target for fine-tuning flowering time to improve the regional adaptability of rice.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program(2019ZX08010-003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-ZDXT2018001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYTZ201601)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18_0657)。
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins, composing one of the largest protein families in plants,are involved in RNA binding and regulation of organelle RNA metabolism at the posttranscriptional level. Although several PPR proteins have been implicated in endosperm development in rice(Oryza sativa), the molecular functions of many PPRs remain obscure. Here, we identified a rice endosperm mutant named floury endosperm 18(flo18) with pleiotropic defects in both reproductive and vegetative development.Map-based cloning and complementation tests showed that FLO18 encodes a mitochondriontargeted P-type PPR protein with 15 PPR motifs.Mitochondrial function was disrupted in the flo18 mutant, as evidenced by decreased assembly of Complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and altered mitochondrial morphology. Loss of FLO18 function resulted in defective 5′-end processing of mitochondrial nad5 transcripts encoding subunit 5 of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase. These results suggested that FLO18 is involved in 5′-end processing of nad5 messenger RNA and plays an important role in mitochondrial function and endosperm development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108025 and 22078039)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021005)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3810700)the Fundamental Research Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602)。
文摘Membrane technology has achieved significant progress in recent decades,primarily due to its attributes of high separation efficiency,low energy consumption,compact footprint,and affordable capital costs[1].Metal-organic framework(MOF),a class of highly porous crystalline materials with ordered porous topology and tunable chemical functionality,has demonstrated great potential as superb membrane candidate[2].Nonetheless,the trade-off between permeability and selectivity still remains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61835013,12034007,11874146,12274123)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1414300)。
文摘Nitrogen-vacancy(NV)centers in diamond are progressively favored for room-temperature magnetic field measurement.The signal to noise ratio(SNR)optimization for NV diamond magnetometry generally concentrates on signal amplitude enhancement rather than efficient noise processing.Here,we report a compound filter system combining a wavelet denoising method and an adaptive filter for the realization of an efficient weak magnetic measurement with a high SNR.It allows enhanced magnetic field measurement with an average SNR enhancement of 17.80 dB at 50 nT within 500 mHz to 100 Hz and14.76 dB at 500 mHz within 50 n T to 1100 n T.The introduction of this system in NV diamond magnetometry is aimed to improve signal quality by effectively eliminating the noise and retaining ideal signals.
