Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails ...Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first-order and higher-order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously,thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC.To address this limitation,an enhanced car-following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed,which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller.In comparison to the conventional ESO,the enhanced version effectively utilises multi-order estimation and tracking errors.Specifically,it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher-order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback.The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.展开更多
Penicillium expansum infection is a primary cause of postharvest deterioration in apples,impacting their quality and processed products,leading to economic losses and health risks.This study aimed to investigate quali...Penicillium expansum infection is a primary cause of postharvest deterioration in apples,impacting their quality and processed products,leading to economic losses and health risks.This study aimed to investigate quality changes in‘Fuji’apples during postharvest disease progression and to assess optical properties as potential monitoring tools.The absorption coefficient(μa)and reduced scattering coefficient(μs’)of healthy and infected apples were measured within the 600-1050 nm wavelength range using a single integrating sphere(SIS)system.Additionally,liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to evaluate physicochemical properties and microstructural characteristics of apple flesh as indicators of quality changes in infected tissue.After 12 days of storage,the soluble solids content(SSC)of infected apples decreased from 14%to 9%,and moisture content(MC)initially decreased from 83%to 59%before rising to 85%.Total soluble sugar content declined from 119 g kg^(-1)-78 g kg^(-1).Infected apples exhibited higher MC,lower soluble sugars,and lower SSC compared to healthy ones.Theμa value significantly increased,reaching twice that of healthy flesh by day 12,while theμs’value decreased to 0.29 mm⁻1.Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between SSC,MC,and soluble sugars with optical properties,with a maximum correlation of 0.966.Path coefficient analysis indicated that MC was the primary factor affecting changes in μa andμs’during infection.This study underscores the potential of optical properties as indicators of physicochemical and microstructural changes in apples during pathogen infection.展开更多
基金State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility,Grant/Award Number:KFY2417Science and Technology Innovation 2030-“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2022ZD0116305+7 种基金State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology,Grant/Award Number:IVSTSKL-202402Anhui Province Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar,Grant/Award Number:2308085J02National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:U2013601,U20A20225Wuhu Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Engineering Project,Grant/Award Number:2021zc04CAAI-Huawei Mind Spore Open Fund,Grant/Award Number:CAAIXSJLJJ-2022-011ANatural Science Foundation of Hefei,China,Grant/Award Number:202321State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Grant/Award Number:32215010Wuhu Municipal Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:2021hg17。
文摘Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first-order and higher-order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously,thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC.To address this limitation,an enhanced car-following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed,which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller.In comparison to the conventional ESO,the enhanced version effectively utilises multi-order estimation and tracking errors.Specifically,it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher-order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback.The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.
基金support provided by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD2001804,2023YFD2001301)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment Opening Project(No.SKLIAPE 2024012).
文摘Penicillium expansum infection is a primary cause of postharvest deterioration in apples,impacting their quality and processed products,leading to economic losses and health risks.This study aimed to investigate quality changes in‘Fuji’apples during postharvest disease progression and to assess optical properties as potential monitoring tools.The absorption coefficient(μa)and reduced scattering coefficient(μs’)of healthy and infected apples were measured within the 600-1050 nm wavelength range using a single integrating sphere(SIS)system.Additionally,liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to evaluate physicochemical properties and microstructural characteristics of apple flesh as indicators of quality changes in infected tissue.After 12 days of storage,the soluble solids content(SSC)of infected apples decreased from 14%to 9%,and moisture content(MC)initially decreased from 83%to 59%before rising to 85%.Total soluble sugar content declined from 119 g kg^(-1)-78 g kg^(-1).Infected apples exhibited higher MC,lower soluble sugars,and lower SSC compared to healthy ones.Theμa value significantly increased,reaching twice that of healthy flesh by day 12,while theμs’value decreased to 0.29 mm⁻1.Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between SSC,MC,and soluble sugars with optical properties,with a maximum correlation of 0.966.Path coefficient analysis indicated that MC was the primary factor affecting changes in μa andμs’during infection.This study underscores the potential of optical properties as indicators of physicochemical and microstructural changes in apples during pathogen infection.
