Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes p...Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes plant salt stress.GsWRKY40 was highly expressed in wild soybean roots and was up-regulated by salt treatment.GsWRKY40 was localized in nucleus and demonstrated DNA-binding activities but without transcriptional activation.Mutation and overexpression of GsWRKY40 altered salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.To understand the molecular mechanism of GsWRKY40 in regulating plant salt resistance,we screened a cDNA library and identified a GsWRKY40 interacting protein GsbHLH92 by using yeast two-hybrid approach.The physical interaction of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),GST pull-down,and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)techniques.Intriguingly,co-overexpression of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 resulted in higher salt tolerance and lower ROS levels than overexpression of GsWRKY40 or GsbHLH92 in composite soybean plants,suggesting that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 may synergistically regulate plant salt resistance through inhibiting ROS production.qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression level of GmSPOD1 gene encoding peroxidase was cooperatively regulated by GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92,which was confirmed by using a dual luciferase report system and yeast one-hybrid experiment.Our study reveals a pathway that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 collaboratively up-regulate plant salt resistance through impeding GmSPOD1 expression and reducing ROS levels,providing a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.展开更多
Large igneous provinces are generally thought to promote the formation of hydrothermal dolomites and associated reservoirs via tectonic-hydrothermal activity and thermal convection.However,this view has been recently ...Large igneous provinces are generally thought to promote the formation of hydrothermal dolomites and associated reservoirs via tectonic-hydrothermal activity and thermal convection.However,this view has been recently challenged,as abundant non-hydrothermal dolomites have been discovered around the center of the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province in the Sichuan Basin,China.To better understand the effects of large igneous provinces on dolomite,we review the current research status in this field and also present a case study of a petrological and geochemical investigation of the Maokou Formation in the Xinjigu section in the intermediate zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province.The reviews show that largescale dolomitization associated with large igneous provinces is universally attributable to tectonic-hydrothermal processes and thermal convection,both of which are related to thermal effects,and the properties of the dolomitizing fluids control the differences in the dolomite reservoirs.Our study found that the finely crystalline dolomites in the Xinjigu section are the products of coeval seawater dolomitization,while the hydrothermal dolomites(i.e.,medium-grained dolomites)are developed on a limited scale due to the minor regional tectonism and absence of pathways for hydrothermal fluids.The differential upliftsubsidence caused by the ascending Emeishan mantle plume controls the penecontemporaneous dolomitization and karstification,which leads to large-scale facies-controlled dolomites and reservoirs.These dolomites are mainly distributed in the sedimentary highland areas controlled by the inner and intermediate zones of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province and the extensional margin.These dolomites are larger in scale than hydrothermal dolomites,and thus of great significance for oil and gas exploration.展开更多
Symmetry is prevalent in multi-agent systems.The presence of symmetry,coupled with the misuse of absolute coordinate systems,often leads to a large amount of redundant representation space,significantly increasing the...Symmetry is prevalent in multi-agent systems.The presence of symmetry,coupled with the misuse of absolute coordinate systems,often leads to a large amount of redundant representation space,significantly increasing the search space for learning policies and reducing learning efficiency.Effectively utilizing symmetry and extracting symmetryinvariant representations can significantly enhance multi-agent systems’learning efficiency and overall performance by compressing the model’s hypothesis space and improving sample efficiency.The issue of rotational symmetry in multiagent reinforcement learning has received little attention in previous research and is the primary focus of this paper.To address this issue,we propose a rotation-invariant network architecture for continuous action space tasks.This architecture utilizes relative coordinates between agents,eliminating dependence on absolute coordinate systems,and employs a hypernetwork to enhance the model’s fitting capability,enabling it to model MDPs with more complex dynamics.It can be used for both predicting actions and evaluating action values/utilities.In benchmark tasks,experimental results validate the impact of rotational symmetry on multi-agent decision systems and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.The code of RDHNet has been available at the website of github.com/wang88256187/RDHNet.展开更多
A great breakthrough was achieved on the Middle Devonian's oil-gas exploration in the Longmenshan area in northwestern Sichuan.However,only the Guanwushan Formation was researched in detail.The underlying formatio...A great breakthrough was achieved on the Middle Devonian's oil-gas exploration in the Longmenshan area in northwestern Sichuan.However,only the Guanwushan Formation was researched in detail.The underlying formation-Jinbaoshi Formation as a set of the potential well reservoir and its reservoir characteristics have not been discussed.Based on the section's fine description,thin section analysis,and core borehole logging,combined with petrophysical analysis,the reservoir characteristics,controlling factors,and evolution process of the Jinbaoshi Formation reservoir in the Longmenshan area are deeply studied in this paper.The results showed that the Jinbaoshi Formation has developed a set of sand-shale interbedding deposit of terrigenous clastic and carbonate rocks.The reservoir lithology is mainly quartz sandstone and calcareous quartz sandstone.The quartz sandstone reservoir has good physical properties,but the calcareous quartz sandstone has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity,low porosity,and permeability.Residual intergranular pores are mainly developed in the reservoir space.And the development of intercrystalline pores and intergranular dissolved pores can also be seen,but the development frequency is low,and the scale is small.Among them,the Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation quartz sandstone's average porosity is about 8%,and the highest is 18.43%.The main diagenesis types of the Jinbaoshi Formation are compaction,recrystalization,and dissolution.Compaction is the main reason for the destruction of original pores,and dissolution is the main driving force for later porosity and permeability improvement.Rock fragments,calcareous silty clasts,and bioclastic grains are the main dissolution objects.The formation of intergranular dissolved pores significantly improves the physical properties of the reservoir.Therefore,the reservoir development of the Jinbaoshi Formation is mainly controlled both by favourable sedimentary facies and diagenesis.Quartz sandstone and calcareous sandstone of the Jinbaoshi Formation were controlled by early sedimentary facies in the syngenetic rock stage and developed more early intergranular pores;in the early diagenesis stage,compaction-pressure solution and cementation resulted in residual intergranular pores.In the middle-late diagenesis stage,the calcareous cement is dissolved,and more pores were formed.展开更多
A great breakthrough has been made on oil-gas exploration of the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwest Sichuan Basin.The further exploration shows that the dolomite reservoir is complicated with insufficie...A great breakthrough has been made on oil-gas exploration of the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwest Sichuan Basin.The further exploration shows that the dolomite reservoir is complicated with insufficient investigation.Taking the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation as an example,systematic study has been carried out on its reservoir character,mechanism and genesis of dolostone.The field and core data suggest that reservoir types of Guanwushan Formation consist of crystalline dolomite,breccia dolomite and reef dolomite,and reservoir space is characterized by intercrystal(dissolution)pores,residual pores among breccias,intragranular dissolution pores,pockets as well as fractures.Besides,pore structure is of good configuration,showing medium-low porosity and moderate permeability,with average porosity and permeability of 2.23%and 0.44mD respectively,which suggesting fracture-pore and fracture-cavity reservoir.Combined with the previous research,it is suggested that the reservoir of Guanwushan Formation was controlled by facies,dolomitization and two-step karstification,with reef-shoal facies being material base for reservoir development,early dolomitization being key factor for reservoir space preservation,polyphase karstification being foundation for reservoir development and tectogenesis finally finalizing the reservoir.展开更多
The Lower Member of the Longrnaxi Forma-tion is generally dominated by siliceous shale,but recently we found some siltstone-mudstone rhythm sections developed in the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation.The study of...The Lower Member of the Longrnaxi Forma-tion is generally dominated by siliceous shale,but recently we found some siltstone-mudstone rhythm sections developed in the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation.The study of formation mechanism of siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections may provide new insights into the shale sedimentary environ-ment.Therefore,we studied the characteristics and formation mechanism of siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections in the Lower Member of the Long-maxi Formation in the Changning area based on core observation,thin section identification,major elements and trace elements analysis.The results show the following:1)Two siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are characterized by frequent interbed between black or gray-black shale and light gray siltstone,abundant argillaceous laminas and silty laminas,with obvious lithological boundaries having developed.Horizontal laminas and rhythmic laminas are well-developed in the shale layer,while the wavy laminas are well-developed in the siltstone layer.2)The major compositional elements are SiO2,Al2O3 and CaO,followed by Fe_(2)O_(3),MgO,K_(2)O and Na_(2)O.3)Compared with the world average shale,these siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are rich in Mo,U and Ba,but less in V,Co,Ni,Cu.Compared with the shale layer,the siltstone layer has lower contents of V,Co and Ni.4).The geochemical redox indices,Mo-U and CIA values suggest the formation of the siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are related to influences from bottom currents in an oxic condition with a warm and humid paleoclimate.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD120110402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272048,32272017)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022C019)。
文摘Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes plant salt stress.GsWRKY40 was highly expressed in wild soybean roots and was up-regulated by salt treatment.GsWRKY40 was localized in nucleus and demonstrated DNA-binding activities but without transcriptional activation.Mutation and overexpression of GsWRKY40 altered salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.To understand the molecular mechanism of GsWRKY40 in regulating plant salt resistance,we screened a cDNA library and identified a GsWRKY40 interacting protein GsbHLH92 by using yeast two-hybrid approach.The physical interaction of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),GST pull-down,and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)techniques.Intriguingly,co-overexpression of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 resulted in higher salt tolerance and lower ROS levels than overexpression of GsWRKY40 or GsbHLH92 in composite soybean plants,suggesting that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 may synergistically regulate plant salt resistance through inhibiting ROS production.qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression level of GmSPOD1 gene encoding peroxidase was cooperatively regulated by GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92,which was confirmed by using a dual luciferase report system and yeast one-hybrid experiment.Our study reveals a pathway that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 collaboratively up-regulate plant salt resistance through impeding GmSPOD1 expression and reducing ROS levels,providing a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172166 and 42472167)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(Grant No.2020CX010300)。
文摘Large igneous provinces are generally thought to promote the formation of hydrothermal dolomites and associated reservoirs via tectonic-hydrothermal activity and thermal convection.However,this view has been recently challenged,as abundant non-hydrothermal dolomites have been discovered around the center of the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province in the Sichuan Basin,China.To better understand the effects of large igneous provinces on dolomite,we review the current research status in this field and also present a case study of a petrological and geochemical investigation of the Maokou Formation in the Xinjigu section in the intermediate zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province.The reviews show that largescale dolomitization associated with large igneous provinces is universally attributable to tectonic-hydrothermal processes and thermal convection,both of which are related to thermal effects,and the properties of the dolomitizing fluids control the differences in the dolomite reservoirs.Our study found that the finely crystalline dolomites in the Xinjigu section are the products of coeval seawater dolomitization,while the hydrothermal dolomites(i.e.,medium-grained dolomites)are developed on a limited scale due to the minor regional tectonism and absence of pathways for hydrothermal fluids.The differential upliftsubsidence caused by the ascending Emeishan mantle plume controls the penecontemporaneous dolomitization and karstification,which leads to large-scale facies-controlled dolomites and reservoirs.These dolomites are mainly distributed in the sedimentary highland areas controlled by the inner and intermediate zones of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province and the extensional margin.These dolomites are larger in scale than hydrothermal dolomites,and thus of great significance for oil and gas exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91948303-1,62106278)the National Key R and D Program of China(2021ZD0140301).
文摘Symmetry is prevalent in multi-agent systems.The presence of symmetry,coupled with the misuse of absolute coordinate systems,often leads to a large amount of redundant representation space,significantly increasing the search space for learning policies and reducing learning efficiency.Effectively utilizing symmetry and extracting symmetryinvariant representations can significantly enhance multi-agent systems’learning efficiency and overall performance by compressing the model’s hypothesis space and improving sample efficiency.The issue of rotational symmetry in multiagent reinforcement learning has received little attention in previous research and is the primary focus of this paper.To address this issue,we propose a rotation-invariant network architecture for continuous action space tasks.This architecture utilizes relative coordinates between agents,eliminating dependence on absolute coordinate systems,and employs a hypernetwork to enhance the model’s fitting capability,enabling it to model MDPs with more complex dynamics.It can be used for both predicting actions and evaluating action values/utilities.In benchmark tasks,experimental results validate the impact of rotational symmetry on multi-agent decision systems and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.The code of RDHNet has been available at the website of github.com/wang88256187/RDHNet.
基金work was supported by the PetroChina Innovation Foun-dation(2018D-5007-0105)Open Experiment Funding of South-west Petroleum University(2020KSZ02018,2020KSP02025).
文摘A great breakthrough was achieved on the Middle Devonian's oil-gas exploration in the Longmenshan area in northwestern Sichuan.However,only the Guanwushan Formation was researched in detail.The underlying formation-Jinbaoshi Formation as a set of the potential well reservoir and its reservoir characteristics have not been discussed.Based on the section's fine description,thin section analysis,and core borehole logging,combined with petrophysical analysis,the reservoir characteristics,controlling factors,and evolution process of the Jinbaoshi Formation reservoir in the Longmenshan area are deeply studied in this paper.The results showed that the Jinbaoshi Formation has developed a set of sand-shale interbedding deposit of terrigenous clastic and carbonate rocks.The reservoir lithology is mainly quartz sandstone and calcareous quartz sandstone.The quartz sandstone reservoir has good physical properties,but the calcareous quartz sandstone has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity,low porosity,and permeability.Residual intergranular pores are mainly developed in the reservoir space.And the development of intercrystalline pores and intergranular dissolved pores can also be seen,but the development frequency is low,and the scale is small.Among them,the Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation quartz sandstone's average porosity is about 8%,and the highest is 18.43%.The main diagenesis types of the Jinbaoshi Formation are compaction,recrystalization,and dissolution.Compaction is the main reason for the destruction of original pores,and dissolution is the main driving force for later porosity and permeability improvement.Rock fragments,calcareous silty clasts,and bioclastic grains are the main dissolution objects.The formation of intergranular dissolved pores significantly improves the physical properties of the reservoir.Therefore,the reservoir development of the Jinbaoshi Formation is mainly controlled both by favourable sedimentary facies and diagenesis.Quartz sandstone and calcareous sandstone of the Jinbaoshi Formation were controlled by early sedimentary facies in the syngenetic rock stage and developed more early intergranular pores;in the early diagenesis stage,compaction-pressure solution and cementation resulted in residual intergranular pores.In the middle-late diagenesis stage,the calcareous cement is dissolved,and more pores were formed.
基金We thank Dr.Sicong Luo,Feifan Lu and Chengpeng Su for their constructive comments.We thank Dr.Hao Tang and Cheng Huang for their help in filed work.This research was supported by National Science and technology major project(2016ZX05004002-001).
文摘A great breakthrough has been made on oil-gas exploration of the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwest Sichuan Basin.The further exploration shows that the dolomite reservoir is complicated with insufficient investigation.Taking the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation as an example,systematic study has been carried out on its reservoir character,mechanism and genesis of dolostone.The field and core data suggest that reservoir types of Guanwushan Formation consist of crystalline dolomite,breccia dolomite and reef dolomite,and reservoir space is characterized by intercrystal(dissolution)pores,residual pores among breccias,intragranular dissolution pores,pockets as well as fractures.Besides,pore structure is of good configuration,showing medium-low porosity and moderate permeability,with average porosity and permeability of 2.23%and 0.44mD respectively,which suggesting fracture-pore and fracture-cavity reservoir.Combined with the previous research,it is suggested that the reservoir of Guanwushan Formation was controlled by facies,dolomitization and two-step karstification,with reef-shoal facies being material base for reservoir development,early dolomitization being key factor for reservoir space preservation,polyphase karstification being foundation for reservoir development and tectogenesis finally finalizing the reservoir.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41602147)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(No.2020CX020000).
文摘The Lower Member of the Longrnaxi Forma-tion is generally dominated by siliceous shale,but recently we found some siltstone-mudstone rhythm sections developed in the Lower Member of the Longmaxi Formation.The study of formation mechanism of siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections may provide new insights into the shale sedimentary environ-ment.Therefore,we studied the characteristics and formation mechanism of siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections in the Lower Member of the Long-maxi Formation in the Changning area based on core observation,thin section identification,major elements and trace elements analysis.The results show the following:1)Two siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are characterized by frequent interbed between black or gray-black shale and light gray siltstone,abundant argillaceous laminas and silty laminas,with obvious lithological boundaries having developed.Horizontal laminas and rhythmic laminas are well-developed in the shale layer,while the wavy laminas are well-developed in the siltstone layer.2)The major compositional elements are SiO2,Al2O3 and CaO,followed by Fe_(2)O_(3),MgO,K_(2)O and Na_(2)O.3)Compared with the world average shale,these siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are rich in Mo,U and Ba,but less in V,Co,Ni,Cu.Compared with the shale layer,the siltstone layer has lower contents of V,Co and Ni.4).The geochemical redox indices,Mo-U and CIA values suggest the formation of the siltstone-mudstone rhythmic sedimentary sections are related to influences from bottom currents in an oxic condition with a warm and humid paleoclimate.
