An efficient analyzing approach is presented for large slotted-waveguide antenna arrays by using hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm（FE-BI-MLFMA）in this paper.A simple computa...An efficient analyzing approach is presented for large slotted-waveguide antenna arrays by using hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm（FE-BI-MLFMA）in this paper.A simple computation model for slotted-waveguide antenna is presented by using thin current probe excitation and perfectly matched layer（PML）absorber.Since each slotted-waveguide antenna can be considered as a single sub-domain,the domain decomposition algorithm（DDA）can be applied to FE-BI-MLFMA to greatly reduce the computation resources and achieve high efficiency.This DDA-FE-BI-MLMFA is parallelized to further strength its capability.The comparisons of the computed radiation patterns with measured data and results from the commercial software show that our method has good accuracy for slottedwaveguide array.Then the influence of mutual coupling between adjacent slotted-waveguides is studied.To demonstrate capability of the presented method,a carefully designed large X-band slotted-waveguide antenna array containing eighteen waveguides with Taylor amplitude and inverse phase excitation distribution are analyzed in the paper.展开更多
Significant advancements have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 immunity in allergic diseases such as asthma,allergic rhinitis,chronic rhinosinusitis,eosinophilic esophagitis(E...Significant advancements have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 immunity in allergic diseases such as asthma,allergic rhinitis,chronic rhinosinusitis,eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE),food and drug allergies,and atopic dermatitis(AD).Type 2 immunity has evolved to protect against parasitic diseases and toxins,plays a role in the expulsion of parasites and larvae from inner tissues to the lumen and outside the body,maintains microbe-rich skin and mucosal epithelial barriers and counterbalances the type 1 immune response and its destructive effects.During the development of a type 2 immune response,an innate immune response initiates starting from epithelial cells and innate lymphoid cells(ILCs),including dendritic cells and macrophages,and translates to adaptive T and B-cell immunity,particularly IgE antibody production.Eosinophils,mast cells and basophils have effects on effector functions.Cytokines from ILC2s and CD4+helper type 2(Th2)cells,CD8+T cells,and NK-T cells,along with myeloid cells,including IL-4,IL-5,IL-9,and IL-13,initiate and sustain allergic inflammation via T cell cells,eosinophils,and ILC2s;promote IgE class switching;and open the epithelial barrier.Epithelial cell activation,alarmin release and barrier dysfunction are key in the development of not only allergic diseases but also many other systemic diseases.Recent biologics targeting the pathways and effector functions of IL4/IL13,IL-5,and IgE have shown promising results for almost all ages,although some patients with severe allergic diseases do not respond to these therapies,highlighting the unmet need for a more detailed and personalized approach.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program)(2012CB720702,61320602)the 111 Project of China(B14010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61371002)
文摘An efficient analyzing approach is presented for large slotted-waveguide antenna arrays by using hybrid finite element-boundary integral-multilevel fast multipole algorithm（FE-BI-MLFMA）in this paper.A simple computation model for slotted-waveguide antenna is presented by using thin current probe excitation and perfectly matched layer（PML）absorber.Since each slotted-waveguide antenna can be considered as a single sub-domain,the domain decomposition algorithm（DDA）can be applied to FE-BI-MLFMA to greatly reduce the computation resources and achieve high efficiency.This DDA-FE-BI-MLMFA is parallelized to further strength its capability.The comparisons of the computed radiation patterns with measured data and results from the commercial software show that our method has good accuracy for slottedwaveguide array.Then the influence of mutual coupling between adjacent slotted-waveguides is studied.To demonstrate capability of the presented method,a carefully designed large X-band slotted-waveguide antenna array containing eighteen waveguides with Taylor amplitude and inverse phase excitation distribution are analyzed in the paper.
文摘Significant advancements have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 immunity in allergic diseases such as asthma,allergic rhinitis,chronic rhinosinusitis,eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE),food and drug allergies,and atopic dermatitis(AD).Type 2 immunity has evolved to protect against parasitic diseases and toxins,plays a role in the expulsion of parasites and larvae from inner tissues to the lumen and outside the body,maintains microbe-rich skin and mucosal epithelial barriers and counterbalances the type 1 immune response and its destructive effects.During the development of a type 2 immune response,an innate immune response initiates starting from epithelial cells and innate lymphoid cells(ILCs),including dendritic cells and macrophages,and translates to adaptive T and B-cell immunity,particularly IgE antibody production.Eosinophils,mast cells and basophils have effects on effector functions.Cytokines from ILC2s and CD4+helper type 2(Th2)cells,CD8+T cells,and NK-T cells,along with myeloid cells,including IL-4,IL-5,IL-9,and IL-13,initiate and sustain allergic inflammation via T cell cells,eosinophils,and ILC2s;promote IgE class switching;and open the epithelial barrier.Epithelial cell activation,alarmin release and barrier dysfunction are key in the development of not only allergic diseases but also many other systemic diseases.Recent biologics targeting the pathways and effector functions of IL4/IL13,IL-5,and IgE have shown promising results for almost all ages,although some patients with severe allergic diseases do not respond to these therapies,highlighting the unmet need for a more detailed and personalized approach.
