Flooding can lead to oxygen deprivation in rapeseed,negatively affecting its growth and development and ul-timately reducing yields.Vitreoscilla hemoglobin(VHb),a bacterial hemoglobin with a high oxygen-binding affini...Flooding can lead to oxygen deprivation in rapeseed,negatively affecting its growth and development and ul-timately reducing yields.Vitreoscilla hemoglobin(VHb),a bacterial hemoglobin with a high oxygen-binding affinity,plays a key role in enhancing oxygen uptake and metabolic efficiency under low-oxygen conditions.Through genetic transformation,we overexpressed the VHb gene in rapeseed,which resulted in significant im-provements in survival rate,root length,and biomass under submerged conditions.Additionally,we observed that transgenic plants developed adventitious roots in response to submergence stress.These transgenic plants also exhibited increased activities of ethanol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase-enzymes associated with anaerobic respiration.Our findings indicate that VHb enhances flooding tolerance in rapeseed by promoting adventitious root formation and strengthening the plant's capacity for fermentation metabolism under anaerobic conditions.展开更多
Brassica clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae has been identified as a severe soil-borne disease that poses a significant threat to plants root systems.The disease results in the formation of tumorous enlargeme...Brassica clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae has been identified as a severe soil-borne disease that poses a significant threat to plants root systems.The disease results in the formation of tumorous enlargements in the roots,leading to wilting and eventual plant death.Consequently,crop yield is drastically reduced,causing substantial economic losses in agriculture.The current study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research process on Brassica clubroot,focusing on the biological characteristics,physiological race identification,and pathogenic mechanism of P.brassicae.Furthermore,it covers the latest advancements in the comprehensive prevention and clubroot control.The insights gained from this study are expected to contribute to the future research on clubroot and the development of resistance breeding strategies.展开更多
Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium(Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubili...Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium(Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubility and to reveal possible mechanisms. Therefore,microbial communities were investigated through high-throughput sequencing approach, the molecular ecological network was constructed and metagenomes were predicted. Our results indicated that redox conditions affected both the solubility of soil Cd and the microbial communities. Anaerobic microbes, such as Anaerolineaceae, did not only play important roles in shaping the microbial community in soils, but might also be involved in regulating the Cd solubility. Two possible mechanisms that how Anaerolineaceae involved in Cd solubility are(1) Anaerolineaceae are important organic matter degraders under anoxic conditions and(2) Anaerolineaceae can co-exist with methane metabolism microbes, while methane metabolism promotes the precipitation of soluble Cd. Thus, application of Anaerolineaceae in bioremediation of soil Cadmium contamination is a potential approach. The study provided a novel insight into the role of microbial community in the regulation of Cd solubility under different redox conditions, and suggested a potential approach for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.展开更多
Allopolyploid oilseed rape(Brassica napus)is an important oil crop and vegetable.However,the latest version of its reference genome,with collapsed duplications,gaps,and other issues,prevents comprehensive genomic anal...Allopolyploid oilseed rape(Brassica napus)is an important oil crop and vegetable.However,the latest version of its reference genome,with collapsed duplications,gaps,and other issues,prevents comprehensive genomic analysis.Herein,we report a gap-free assembly of the rapeseed cv.Xiang5A genome using a combination of ONT(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)ultra-long reads,PacBio high-fidelity reads,and Hi-C datasets.It includes gap-free assemblies of all 19 chromosomes and telomere-to-telomere assemblies of eight chromosomes.Compared with previously published genomes of B.napus,our gap-free genome,with a contig N50 length of 50.70 Mb,has complete assemblies of 9 of 19 chromosomes without manual intervention,and greatly improves contiguity and completeness,thereby representing the highest quality genome assembly to date.Our results revealed that B.napus Xiang5A underwent nearly complete triplication and allotetraploidy relative to Arabidopsis thaliana.Using the gap-free assembly,we found that 917 flowering-related genes were affected by structural variation,including BnaA03.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 and BnaC04.HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1.These genes may play crucial roles in regulating flowering time and facilitating the adaptation of Xiang5A in the Yangtze River Basin of China.This reference genome provides a valuable genetic resource for rapeseed functional genomic studies and breeding.展开更多
The yellow seed trait is preferred by breeders for its potential to improve the seed quality and commercial value of Brassica napus.In the present study,we produced yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/Cas9 system when ...The yellow seed trait is preferred by breeders for its potential to improve the seed quality and commercial value of Brassica napus.In the present study,we produced yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/Cas9 system when the two BnPAP2 homologs were knocked out.Histochemical staining of the seed coat demonstrated that proanthocyanidin accumulation was significantly reduced in the pap2 double mutants and decreased specifically in the endothelial and palisade layer cells of the seed coat.Transcriptomic and metabolite profiling analysis suggested that disruption of the BnPAP2 genes could reduce the expression of structural and regulated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways.The broad suppression of these genes might hinder proanthocyanidin accumulation during seed development,and thereby causing the yellow seed trait in B.napus.These results indicate that BnPAP2 might play a vital role in the regulatory network controlling proanthocyanidin accumulation.展开更多
Dear Editor,Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,along with methodologies for integrating multi-omics datasets,have substantially enhanced the efficiency of identifying candidate genes in breeding(Gusev et a...Dear Editor,Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,along with methodologies for integrating multi-omics datasets,have substantially enhanced the efficiency of identifying candidate genes in breeding(Gusev et al.,2018;Gupta et al.,2019).However,this process is often complex and laborious.To address this challenge,databases that integrate extensive data and enable convenient and efficient functional genomics studies are being developed(Ma et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2023).展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1201403)The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1077)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Hunan Provincial(2023NK2012)Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Talent Promotion Project(2023 TJ-Z09)The Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(2024CX096).
文摘Flooding can lead to oxygen deprivation in rapeseed,negatively affecting its growth and development and ul-timately reducing yields.Vitreoscilla hemoglobin(VHb),a bacterial hemoglobin with a high oxygen-binding affinity,plays a key role in enhancing oxygen uptake and metabolic efficiency under low-oxygen conditions.Through genetic transformation,we overexpressed the VHb gene in rapeseed,which resulted in significant im-provements in survival rate,root length,and biomass under submerged conditions.Additionally,we observed that transgenic plants developed adventitious roots in response to submergence stress.These transgenic plants also exhibited increased activities of ethanol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase-enzymes associated with anaerobic respiration.Our findings indicate that VHb enhances flooding tolerance in rapeseed by promoting adventitious root formation and strengthening the plant's capacity for fermentation metabolism under anaerobic conditions.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Talent Promotion Project(2023TJ-Z09)Innovation Program(2023RC1077,2023JJ40279)of Hunan Province,China.
文摘Brassica clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae has been identified as a severe soil-borne disease that poses a significant threat to plants root systems.The disease results in the formation of tumorous enlargements in the roots,leading to wilting and eventual plant death.Consequently,crop yield is drastically reduced,causing substantial economic losses in agriculture.The current study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research process on Brassica clubroot,focusing on the biological characteristics,physiological race identification,and pathogenic mechanism of P.brassicae.Furthermore,it covers the latest advancements in the comprehensive prevention and clubroot control.The insights gained from this study are expected to contribute to the future research on clubroot and the development of resistance breeding strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31570113 and 41573072)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department in China (No.17 K035)+1 种基金Chinese Postdoctoral Funding Planthe Central South University Postdoctoral Research Funding for D.M.(No.201699)
文摘Understanding the role of microbes in the solubility of cadmium(Cd) is of fundamental importance for remediation of Cd toxicity. The present study aimed to identify the microbes that involved in regulating Cd solubility and to reveal possible mechanisms. Therefore,microbial communities were investigated through high-throughput sequencing approach, the molecular ecological network was constructed and metagenomes were predicted. Our results indicated that redox conditions affected both the solubility of soil Cd and the microbial communities. Anaerobic microbes, such as Anaerolineaceae, did not only play important roles in shaping the microbial community in soils, but might also be involved in regulating the Cd solubility. Two possible mechanisms that how Anaerolineaceae involved in Cd solubility are(1) Anaerolineaceae are important organic matter degraders under anoxic conditions and(2) Anaerolineaceae can co-exist with methane metabolism microbes, while methane metabolism promotes the precipitation of soluble Cd. Thus, application of Anaerolineaceae in bioremediation of soil Cadmium contamination is a potential approach. The study provided a novel insight into the role of microbial community in the regulation of Cd solubility under different redox conditions, and suggested a potential approach for the remediation of soil Cd contamination.
基金This work was supported by the Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project(grant number 2021NK1004)the Changsha Natural Science Foundation(grant number kq2208157)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MAR(grant number CARS_12).The authors thank Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Co.,Ltd for assistance with bioinformatics analysis.
文摘Allopolyploid oilseed rape(Brassica napus)is an important oil crop and vegetable.However,the latest version of its reference genome,with collapsed duplications,gaps,and other issues,prevents comprehensive genomic analysis.Herein,we report a gap-free assembly of the rapeseed cv.Xiang5A genome using a combination of ONT(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)ultra-long reads,PacBio high-fidelity reads,and Hi-C datasets.It includes gap-free assemblies of all 19 chromosomes and telomere-to-telomere assemblies of eight chromosomes.Compared with previously published genomes of B.napus,our gap-free genome,with a contig N50 length of 50.70 Mb,has complete assemblies of 9 of 19 chromosomes without manual intervention,and greatly improves contiguity and completeness,thereby representing the highest quality genome assembly to date.Our results revealed that B.napus Xiang5A underwent nearly complete triplication and allotetraploidy relative to Arabidopsis thaliana.Using the gap-free assembly,we found that 917 flowering-related genes were affected by structural variation,including BnaA03.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 and BnaC04.HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1.These genes may play crucial roles in regulating flowering time and facilitating the adaptation of Xiang5A in the Yangtze River Basin of China.This reference genome provides a valuable genetic resource for rapeseed functional genomic studies and breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971980,U19A2029)The science and technology innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2023RC1077)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Hunan,China(2022CX55)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(2021JC0007)。
文摘The yellow seed trait is preferred by breeders for its potential to improve the seed quality and commercial value of Brassica napus.In the present study,we produced yellow seed mutants using a CRISPR/Cas9 system when the two BnPAP2 homologs were knocked out.Histochemical staining of the seed coat demonstrated that proanthocyanidin accumulation was significantly reduced in the pap2 double mutants and decreased specifically in the endothelial and palisade layer cells of the seed coat.Transcriptomic and metabolite profiling analysis suggested that disruption of the BnPAP2 genes could reduce the expression of structural and regulated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways.The broad suppression of these genes might hinder proanthocyanidin accumulation during seed development,and thereby causing the yellow seed trait in B.napus.These results indicate that BnPAP2 might play a vital role in the regulatory network controlling proanthocyanidin accumulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072573,31872096,32322061,and 32070559)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFF1000100,2023YFD1200102-03)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University HZAU(2662023XXPY001)the Developing Bioinformatics Platform in Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(no.JBGS-B21HJ0001)。
文摘Dear Editor,Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,along with methodologies for integrating multi-omics datasets,have substantially enhanced the efficiency of identifying candidate genes in breeding(Gusev et al.,2018;Gupta et al.,2019).However,this process is often complex and laborious.To address this challenge,databases that integrate extensive data and enable convenient and efficient functional genomics studies are being developed(Ma et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2023).
