Two-dimensional(2D)perovskites have garnered significant interest in photoelectric devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.However,they still suffer from inefficient charge carrier extraction and signif...Two-dimensional(2D)perovskites have garnered significant interest in photoelectric devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.However,they still suffer from inefficient charge carrier extraction and significant ion migration,which largely hinder the practical application of perovskite photodetectors.Herein,we report a symmetrybroken 2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)phase mixed halide perovskite(DMPD)Pb(I_(0.96)Br_(0.04))_(4)(DMPD=3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylammonium),achieved through the doping of Br−ions.The preferred distribution of Br−ions at axial halide sites triggers local structural symmetry breaking,which drives energy band splitting,increases activation energy for ion migration,and effectively relaxes microstrain,as evidenced by both theoretical and experimental investigations.The lattice structure and energy band modifications synergistically contribute to reduced charge carrier recombination,enhanced charge carrier transport and extraction,and suppressed ion migration.As a result,our 2D(DMPD)Pb(I_(0.96)Br_(0.04))_(4) single crystal photodetector achieves an impressive detectivity of 7.12×10^(12) Jones,ranking among the highest reported for 2D DJ phase perovskite devices.With these findings,we aim to offer a conducive guidance for the design of effective 2D perovskites toward advanced optoelectronics.展开更多
The need for ferroelectric materials with both narrow bandgaps(Eg)and large remanent polarization(Pr)remains a key challenge to the development of high-efficiency ferroelectric photovoltaic(FPV)devices.In this work,[(...The need for ferroelectric materials with both narrow bandgaps(Eg)and large remanent polarization(Pr)remains a key challenge to the development of high-efficiency ferroelectric photovoltaic(FPV)devices.In this work,[(K_(0.43)Na_(0.57))_(0.94)Li_(0.06)][(Nb_(0.94)Sb_(0.06))_(0.95)Ta_(0.05)]O_(3)(KNLNST)-based lead-free ceramics with narrow Eg and large P are obtained via Fe_(2)O_(3) doping.By optimizing the level of Fe_(2)O_(3) doping,a KNLNST+1.3%Fe_(2)O_(3) ceramic is fabricated that simultaneously possesses a narrow Eg of 1.74 eV and a large Pr of 27.05μC/cm^(2).These values are much superior to those of undoped KNLNST ceramics(Eg=3.1 eV and Pr=17.73μC/cm^(2)).While the large P stems from the increment of the volume ratio between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases(Vo/VT)in KNLNST ceramics by proper amount of Fe3+doping,the narrow Eg is attributed to the coupling interaction between the Fe3+dopants and the B-site Sb3+host ions.Moreover,a switchable photovoltaic effect caused by the ferroelectric depolarization electric field(Edp)is observed in the KNLNST+1.3%Fe_(2)O_(3) ceramic-based device.Thanks to the narrower Eg and larger P,of the doped ceramic,the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding device(open-circuit voltage(Voc)=-5.28 V and short-circuit current density(JSC)=0.051μA/cm^(2))under a downward poling state is significantly superior to that of an undoped KNLNST-based device(Voc=-0.46 V and Jse=0.039μA/cm^(2)).This work offers a feasible approach to developing ferroelectric materials with narrow bandgaps and large Pr for photovoltaic applications.展开更多
With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)resistance,finding the novel effective chemotherapeutic agent is of seminal importance for chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)treatment.This study aims to find the e...With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)resistance,finding the novel effective chemotherapeutic agent is of seminal importance for chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)treatment.This study aims to find the effective anti-leukemic candidates and investigate the possible underlying mechanism.We synthesized the novel coumarin derivatives and evaluated their anti-leukemic activity.Cell viability assay revealed that compound DBH2 exhibited the potent inhibitory activity on the proliferation of CML K562 cells and TKI resistant K562 cells.Morphological observation and flow cytometry confirmed that DBH2 could selectively induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of the K562 cells,which was further confirmed on the bone marrow cells from CML transgenic model mice and CD34+bone marrow leukemic cells from CML patients.Treatments of DBH2 in combination with imatinib could prolong the survival rate of SCL-tTA-BCR/ABL transgenic model mice significantly.Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that DBH2 inhibited the expression of STAT3 and STAT5 in K562 cells,and caspase-3 knockout alleviated the DBH2 induced apoptosis.Furthermore,DBH2 could induce the expression of PARP1 and ROCK1 in K562 cells,which may play the important role in caspase-dependent apoptosis.Our results concluded that coumarin derivative DBH2 serves as a promising candidate for the CML treatment,especially in the combination with imatinib for the TKI resistant CML,and STAT/caspase-3 pathway was involved in the molecular mechanism of anti-leukemic activity of DBH2.展开更多
Building simulation based on physical modeling is commonly adopted for performance prediction,but the high time costs hinder its application in the early design stage of buildings.Data-driven surrogate models have bee...Building simulation based on physical modeling is commonly adopted for performance prediction,but the high time costs hinder its application in the early design stage of buildings.Data-driven surrogate models have been proposed as a means to replicate computationally expensive simulation models.However,existing surrogate models for sustainable residential block design are limited in scope,focusing either on individual buildings or on specific cases within multi-block projects.This study leverages graph neural networks to develop optimal surrogate models incorporating inter-building effects to predict multiple indicators of sustainable performance for residential blocks at a region level.A graph schema is proposed to represent the general geometric features and relations among buildings in residential block design.A regional dataset is generated for model training and testing,using real residential zones in Hong Kong.The surrogate models are developed and evaluated,using two kinds of architectures(individual architectures for specific indicators and an integrative architecture)and three different neural networks(graph attention network(GAT),graph convolutional network,and artificial neural network).The results showed that the surrogate models using the individual architectures and GAT outperform the models using other architectures and neural networks.These surrogate models achieve a high prediction accuracy with CV(RMSE)s of 11.79%,7.63%,and 8.00%in terms of energy consumption,indoor thermal comfort,and daylighting,respectively,on the regional test set.Moreover,they enable a significant acceleration of the performance evaluation,reducing the calculation time from 6.346 min to 1.565 ms(243,297 times)per case compared to physics-based simulations.展开更多
To the Editor:Liver cirrhosis(LC),the end‐stage condition of chronic liver disease,results in>1,300,000 annual deaths worldwide.Meanwhile,the global incidence of decompensated cirrhosis is rising yearly.1 Followin...To the Editor:Liver cirrhosis(LC),the end‐stage condition of chronic liver disease,results in>1,300,000 annual deaths worldwide.Meanwhile,the global incidence of decompensated cirrhosis is rising yearly.1 Following clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH)in the late compensated stage of LC,as the disease progresses to the decompensated stage,ascites,gastroesophageal variceal bleeding,hepatic encephalopathy(HE),and other severe complications present.Nonselective beta‐blockers(NSBBs)have currently served as the first‐line therapy for primary and secondary prophylaxis of portal‐hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding,as recommended by practice guidelines.2 Moreover,recent recommendations have extended the use of NSBBs to compensate LC patients with CSPH.展开更多
Clonorchiasis,also known as the liver fluke disease,is caused by eating raw freshwater fish or shrimps that contain Clonorchis sinensis cyst larvae,which mainly involves the hepatobiliary system.Chronic abdominal pain...Clonorchiasis,also known as the liver fluke disease,is caused by eating raw freshwater fish or shrimps that contain Clonorchis sinensis cyst larvae,which mainly involves the hepatobiliary system.Chronic abdominal pain and distention,loss of appetite,and hepatomegaly are the most common clinical manifestation.Persistent infection with Clonorchis sinensis would result in chronic inflammation,epithelial hyperplasia,and periductal fibrosis and even progress to cholangiocarcinoma.Nevertheless,the majority of the infected people are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic,contributing to its high misdiagnosis rate.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is a well-known biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).A high level of AFP can also be caused by several benign diseases,causing confusion and influ-encing treatment decisions.So far,clonorchiasis with a markedly elevated level of AFP has been rarely reported.We present a case of clonorchiasis with a high level of AFP in a 52-year-old man.We hope to raise clinical awareness of this food-borne disease.Clonorchiasis should be considered in patients with extremely high levels of AFP,excluding HCC and germ cell tumors,especially if the patient has a history of ingesting raw freshwater fish or shrimps.展开更多
Infections caused by viruses are one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.Although a number of antiviral drugs are currently used for treatment of various kinds of viral infection diseases,th...Infections caused by viruses are one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.Although a number of antiviral drugs are currently used for treatment of various kinds of viral infection diseases,there is still no available therapeutic agent for most of the viruses in clinical practice.Coumarin is a chemical compound which is found naturally in a variety of plants,it can also be synthetically produced possessing diverse biological effects.More recently,reports have highlighted the potential role of coumarin derivatives as antiviral agents.This review outlines the advances in coumarin-based compounds against various viruses including human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis virus,herpes simplex virus,Chikungunya virus and Enterovirus 71,as well as the structure activity relationship and the possible mechanism of action of the most potent coumarin derivatives.展开更多
Background and aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health issue worldwide as it may cause serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Ruling out cirrhosis is important...Background and aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health issue worldwide as it may cause serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Ruling out cirrhosis is important when treating chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis score based on four factors(FIB-4),and red cell volume distribution width-to-platelet ratio(RPR)in diagnosing liver fibrosis stages and to identify new cut-off values to rule out cirrhosis.Methods:Between 2005 and 2020,2182 eligible individuals who underwent liver biopsy were randomly assigned to derivation and validation cohorts in a 6:4 ratio.A grid search was applied to identify optimal cut-off values with a sensitivity of>90% and a negative predictive value(NPV)of at least 95%.Results:Overall,1309 individuals(175 patients with cirrhosis)were included in the derivation dataset,and 873(117 patients with cirrhosis)were included in the validation cohort.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of RPR for diagnosing cirrhosis was 0.821,which was comparable to that of APRI(0.818,P=0.7905)and FIB-4(0.803,P=0.2395).When applying an RPR of 0.06,cirrhosis was correctly identified with a sensitivity of 93.1% and an NPV of 97.1%,while it misclassified 12 of 175(6.9%)patients in the derivation cohort.In the validation cohort,RPR had a sensitivity and NPV of 97.4% and 99.0%,respectively,and only misclassified 3 of 117(2.6%)patients.Subgroup analysis indicated that the new RPR cut-off value performed more consistently than that of APRI and FIB-4 in all subgroups.Conclusion:A recently established cut-off value for RPR(≤0.06)was validated and was more effective than APRI and FIB-4 in excluding patients with cirrhosis due to a higher sensitivity and NPV and a lower misclassification rate.This simple and dependable test could have significant clinical implications in identifying patients who require monitoring for portal hypertension-associated complications and screening for HCC,particularly in middle and primary healthcare settings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805075,62274057)the Sino-German Mobility Program(M-0764)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFB788,2022EHB023)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(OVL2023PY007)Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Digitization(2023B1212060012)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2022JQ-129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYTS25286)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)perovskites have garnered significant interest in photoelectric devices due to their tunable optoelectronic properties.However,they still suffer from inefficient charge carrier extraction and significant ion migration,which largely hinder the practical application of perovskite photodetectors.Herein,we report a symmetrybroken 2D Dion-Jacobson(DJ)phase mixed halide perovskite(DMPD)Pb(I_(0.96)Br_(0.04))_(4)(DMPD=3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylammonium),achieved through the doping of Br−ions.The preferred distribution of Br−ions at axial halide sites triggers local structural symmetry breaking,which drives energy band splitting,increases activation energy for ion migration,and effectively relaxes microstrain,as evidenced by both theoretical and experimental investigations.The lattice structure and energy band modifications synergistically contribute to reduced charge carrier recombination,enhanced charge carrier transport and extraction,and suppressed ion migration.As a result,our 2D(DMPD)Pb(I_(0.96)Br_(0.04))_(4) single crystal photodetector achieves an impressive detectivity of 7.12×10^(12) Jones,ranking among the highest reported for 2D DJ phase perovskite devices.With these findings,we aim to offer a conducive guidance for the design of effective 2D perovskites toward advanced optoelectronics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB1503500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975093,11774082,and 52202132)+3 种基金the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2019CFA006)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Colleges of Hubei Province(Grant No.T201901)the Hubei International Cooperation Project(Grant Nos.2021EHB005 and 2022EHB023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M701131).
文摘The need for ferroelectric materials with both narrow bandgaps(Eg)and large remanent polarization(Pr)remains a key challenge to the development of high-efficiency ferroelectric photovoltaic(FPV)devices.In this work,[(K_(0.43)Na_(0.57))_(0.94)Li_(0.06)][(Nb_(0.94)Sb_(0.06))_(0.95)Ta_(0.05)]O_(3)(KNLNST)-based lead-free ceramics with narrow Eg and large P are obtained via Fe_(2)O_(3) doping.By optimizing the level of Fe_(2)O_(3) doping,a KNLNST+1.3%Fe_(2)O_(3) ceramic is fabricated that simultaneously possesses a narrow Eg of 1.74 eV and a large Pr of 27.05μC/cm^(2).These values are much superior to those of undoped KNLNST ceramics(Eg=3.1 eV and Pr=17.73μC/cm^(2)).While the large P stems from the increment of the volume ratio between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases(Vo/VT)in KNLNST ceramics by proper amount of Fe3+doping,the narrow Eg is attributed to the coupling interaction between the Fe3+dopants and the B-site Sb3+host ions.Moreover,a switchable photovoltaic effect caused by the ferroelectric depolarization electric field(Edp)is observed in the KNLNST+1.3%Fe_(2)O_(3) ceramic-based device.Thanks to the narrower Eg and larger P,of the doped ceramic,the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding device(open-circuit voltage(Voc)=-5.28 V and short-circuit current density(JSC)=0.051μA/cm^(2))under a downward poling state is significantly superior to that of an undoped KNLNST-based device(Voc=-0.46 V and Jse=0.039μA/cm^(2)).This work offers a feasible approach to developing ferroelectric materials with narrow bandgaps and large Pr for photovoltaic applications.
基金This project was reviewed and approved by the ethical committee of Tangdu Hospital,Air Force Medical University(No.201903-87).
文摘With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)resistance,finding the novel effective chemotherapeutic agent is of seminal importance for chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)treatment.This study aims to find the effective anti-leukemic candidates and investigate the possible underlying mechanism.We synthesized the novel coumarin derivatives and evaluated their anti-leukemic activity.Cell viability assay revealed that compound DBH2 exhibited the potent inhibitory activity on the proliferation of CML K562 cells and TKI resistant K562 cells.Morphological observation and flow cytometry confirmed that DBH2 could selectively induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase of the K562 cells,which was further confirmed on the bone marrow cells from CML transgenic model mice and CD34+bone marrow leukemic cells from CML patients.Treatments of DBH2 in combination with imatinib could prolong the survival rate of SCL-tTA-BCR/ABL transgenic model mice significantly.Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that DBH2 inhibited the expression of STAT3 and STAT5 in K562 cells,and caspase-3 knockout alleviated the DBH2 induced apoptosis.Furthermore,DBH2 could induce the expression of PARP1 and ROCK1 in K562 cells,which may play the important role in caspase-dependent apoptosis.Our results concluded that coumarin derivative DBH2 serves as a promising candidate for the CML treatment,especially in the combination with imatinib for the TKI resistant CML,and STAT/caspase-3 pathway was involved in the molecular mechanism of anti-leukemic activity of DBH2.
文摘Building simulation based on physical modeling is commonly adopted for performance prediction,but the high time costs hinder its application in the early design stage of buildings.Data-driven surrogate models have been proposed as a means to replicate computationally expensive simulation models.However,existing surrogate models for sustainable residential block design are limited in scope,focusing either on individual buildings or on specific cases within multi-block projects.This study leverages graph neural networks to develop optimal surrogate models incorporating inter-building effects to predict multiple indicators of sustainable performance for residential blocks at a region level.A graph schema is proposed to represent the general geometric features and relations among buildings in residential block design.A regional dataset is generated for model training and testing,using real residential zones in Hong Kong.The surrogate models are developed and evaluated,using two kinds of architectures(individual architectures for specific indicators and an integrative architecture)and three different neural networks(graph attention network(GAT),graph convolutional network,and artificial neural network).The results showed that the surrogate models using the individual architectures and GAT outperform the models using other architectures and neural networks.These surrogate models achieve a high prediction accuracy with CV(RMSE)s of 11.79%,7.63%,and 8.00%in terms of energy consumption,indoor thermal comfort,and daylighting,respectively,on the regional test set.Moreover,they enable a significant acceleration of the performance evaluation,reducing the calculation time from 6.346 min to 1.565 ms(243,297 times)per case compared to physics-based simulations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070574).
文摘To the Editor:Liver cirrhosis(LC),the end‐stage condition of chronic liver disease,results in>1,300,000 annual deaths worldwide.Meanwhile,the global incidence of decompensated cirrhosis is rising yearly.1 Following clinically significant portal hypertension(CSPH)in the late compensated stage of LC,as the disease progresses to the decompensated stage,ascites,gastroesophageal variceal bleeding,hepatic encephalopathy(HE),and other severe complications present.Nonselective beta‐blockers(NSBBs)have currently served as the first‐line therapy for primary and secondary prophylaxis of portal‐hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding,as recommended by practice guidelines.2 Moreover,recent recommendations have extended the use of NSBBs to compensate LC patients with CSPH.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangzhou of China(201903010099)to X.Wei.
文摘Clonorchiasis,also known as the liver fluke disease,is caused by eating raw freshwater fish or shrimps that contain Clonorchis sinensis cyst larvae,which mainly involves the hepatobiliary system.Chronic abdominal pain and distention,loss of appetite,and hepatomegaly are the most common clinical manifestation.Persistent infection with Clonorchis sinensis would result in chronic inflammation,epithelial hyperplasia,and periductal fibrosis and even progress to cholangiocarcinoma.Nevertheless,the majority of the infected people are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic,contributing to its high misdiagnosis rate.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)is a well-known biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).A high level of AFP can also be caused by several benign diseases,causing confusion and influ-encing treatment decisions.So far,clonorchiasis with a markedly elevated level of AFP has been rarely reported.We present a case of clonorchiasis with a high level of AFP in a 52-year-old man.We hope to raise clinical awareness of this food-borne disease.Clonorchiasis should be considered in patients with extremely high levels of AFP,excluding HCC and germ cell tumors,especially if the patient has a history of ingesting raw freshwater fish or shrimps.
文摘Infections caused by viruses are one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.Although a number of antiviral drugs are currently used for treatment of various kinds of viral infection diseases,there is still no available therapeutic agent for most of the viruses in clinical practice.Coumarin is a chemical compound which is found naturally in a variety of plants,it can also be synthetically produced possessing diverse biological effects.More recently,reports have highlighted the potential role of coumarin derivatives as antiviral agents.This review outlines the advances in coumarin-based compounds against various viruses including human immunodeficiency virus,hepatitis virus,herpes simplex virus,Chikungunya virus and Enterovirus 71,as well as the structure activity relationship and the possible mechanism of action of the most potent coumarin derivatives.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(2022B1515020024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82070574)the Natural Science Foundation Team Project of Guangdong Province(2018B030312009).
文摘Background and aims:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health issue worldwide as it may cause serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Ruling out cirrhosis is important when treating chronic hepatitis B(CHB).The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis score based on four factors(FIB-4),and red cell volume distribution width-to-platelet ratio(RPR)in diagnosing liver fibrosis stages and to identify new cut-off values to rule out cirrhosis.Methods:Between 2005 and 2020,2182 eligible individuals who underwent liver biopsy were randomly assigned to derivation and validation cohorts in a 6:4 ratio.A grid search was applied to identify optimal cut-off values with a sensitivity of>90% and a negative predictive value(NPV)of at least 95%.Results:Overall,1309 individuals(175 patients with cirrhosis)were included in the derivation dataset,and 873(117 patients with cirrhosis)were included in the validation cohort.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of RPR for diagnosing cirrhosis was 0.821,which was comparable to that of APRI(0.818,P=0.7905)and FIB-4(0.803,P=0.2395).When applying an RPR of 0.06,cirrhosis was correctly identified with a sensitivity of 93.1% and an NPV of 97.1%,while it misclassified 12 of 175(6.9%)patients in the derivation cohort.In the validation cohort,RPR had a sensitivity and NPV of 97.4% and 99.0%,respectively,and only misclassified 3 of 117(2.6%)patients.Subgroup analysis indicated that the new RPR cut-off value performed more consistently than that of APRI and FIB-4 in all subgroups.Conclusion:A recently established cut-off value for RPR(≤0.06)was validated and was more effective than APRI and FIB-4 in excluding patients with cirrhosis due to a higher sensitivity and NPV and a lower misclassification rate.This simple and dependable test could have significant clinical implications in identifying patients who require monitoring for portal hypertension-associated complications and screening for HCC,particularly in middle and primary healthcare settings.
