Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high st...Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high stability,high foaming ability,and rapid on-demand degradation.Herein,by combining the Hofmeister effect and nanotechnology,a promising ultrastable and photoresponsive liquid foam was prepared that had a lifetime of several months and could be destroyed on demand in a few minutes.Specifically,the system was prepared by simply mixing a gelatine solution containing black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNs)and kosmotropic anions in the Hofmeister series with air in one step using only two syringes,and there were no chemical modifications or crosslinking agents required.The kosmotropic anions induced stronger hydrophobic interactions,bundling within molecular chains,and blockage of foam drainage channels,which significantly improved the foaming ability and the lifetime and mechanical properties of the foam.Moreover,rational structure design realized a promising on-demand degradation mechanism via a cascading“light trigger-heat generation-Marangoni flow generation”process occurring on the bubble surfaces.On this basis,the BPNs converted light into thermal energy,which induced Marangoni flow driven by surface tension gradients along the gas-liquid interfaces,and the bubble film ruptured within seconds upon light illumination.The designed stimulus-response systems combined stable,fast and repeatable processes without sacrificing the foaming abilities,thus providing a general way to control the stabilities of foams,bubbles and films.展开更多
Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP)utilized in flame retardant applications frequently encounters significant challenges,including inadequate ambient stability and elevated carbon monoxide(CO)release rates.To miti...Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP)utilized in flame retardant applications frequently encounters significant challenges,including inadequate ambient stability and elevated carbon monoxide(CO)release rates.To mitigate these issues,an effective approach was proposed for the fabrication of 2D heterostructures comprising copper oxide intercalated with BP in this work.This methodology takes into account both thermodynamic and kinetic factors,resulting in substantial enhancements in the ambient stability of BP and the catalytic performance for CO elimination,achieved through the synergistic interactions between 2D BP and copper oxide,all while preserving the structural integrity of 2D BP.The incorporation of gelatin and kosmotropic anions facilitated the efficient adhesion of the multifunctional heterostructures to the flammable flexible polyurethane foam(FPUF),which not only scavenged free radicals in the gas phase but also catalyzed the formation of a dense carbon layer in the condensed phase.Kosmotropic anions induce a salting-out effect that fosters the development of a chain bundle,a hydrophobic interaction domain,and a potential microphase separation region within the gelatin chains,leading to a marked improvement in the mechanical strength of the heterostructure coatings.The modified FPUF exhibited a high limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 34%,alongside significantly improved flame resistance:the peak CO release rate was reduced by 78%,the peak heat release rate decreased by 57%,and the fire performance index(FPI)was increased by 40 times compared to untreated FPUF.The 2D heterostructure coatings demonstrated better CO catalytic removal performance relative to previously reported flame retardant products.This research offers a promising design principle for the development of next-generation high-performance flame retardant coatings aimed at enhancing fire protection.展开更多
To test whether circulating and intracoronary biomarkers and coronary plaque strain have additive values to Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events(GRACE) score for predicting long-term cardiovascular events in ACS p...To test whether circulating and intracoronary biomarkers and coronary plaque strain have additive values to Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events(GRACE) score for predicting long-term cardiovascular events in ACS patients. One hundred ACS patients were enrolled and the GRACE score and plasma levels and intracoronary gradients of a number of biomarkers were measured. Coronary plaque burden and morphology in non-critical stenotic plaques were determined by intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) technique, and the maximal shear strain(SSmax) and maximal area strain(ASmax) were determined by intravascular ultrasound elastography(IVUSE) technique. Patients were followed for cardiovascular events and the predictive values of clinical characteristics, plasma biomarkers and plaque parameters were compared with GRACE score, and the incremental values of these measurements to the GRACE score were assessed. GRACE score, plasma biomarkers and plaque strain were independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Combination of GRACE score, plasma biomarkers and plaque strains significantly improved the predictive value of the GRACE score alone with the receiver-operating characteristic area increased from0.457 to 0.667(P=0.014). The combination of circulating and intracoronary biomarkers, plaque strain and GRACE score provides a better predictive tool than GRACE score alone in patients with ACS.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have great potential to become the next generation green energy technique,but their application is limited by the slow kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)i...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have great potential to become the next generation green energy technique,but their application is limited by the slow kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in acidic medium.Meanwhile,the high price of Pt-based catalysts,which are now widely used commercially,has raised the cost of PEMFCs.Therefore,non-noble metal ORR catalysts as alternatives to Pt-based group metals(PGM)have attracted much attention.However,there is still a big gap between the performance of non-noble metal catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalysts in acidic environment.Recently,it has been realized that the performance of catalysts is closely related to the structure of catalytically active sites.Inspired by this,in this review,we firstly introduced the development and breakthrough of non-noble metals as activity sites.We then briefly summarized their catalytic mechanisms,and put forward some suggestions on how to improve the activity and stability of non-noble metal ORR catalysts.展开更多
Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)has been used to characterize the spatial and quantitative features of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques with high sensitivity and specificity.In this Letter,we first validate that the ultra...Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)has been used to characterize the spatial and quantitative features of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques with high sensitivity and specificity.In this Letter,we first validate that the ultra-low temperature and formaldehyde treatment have no effect on photoacoustic characteristics of the artery samples.Comparative experiments between the PAI and histological results demonstrate that the ultra-low temperature or formaldehyde treatment has few effects on the PAI of the lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques;the lipid relative concentration and the lipid percentage by PAI hold high correlation with histology.展开更多
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB-20230714)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No.2023M743387).
文摘Stimulus-responsive liquid foams have gained much attention for use in various industrial applications.However,it remains challenging to construct such systems with integrated functionality of easy preparation,high stability,high foaming ability,and rapid on-demand degradation.Herein,by combining the Hofmeister effect and nanotechnology,a promising ultrastable and photoresponsive liquid foam was prepared that had a lifetime of several months and could be destroyed on demand in a few minutes.Specifically,the system was prepared by simply mixing a gelatine solution containing black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNs)and kosmotropic anions in the Hofmeister series with air in one step using only two syringes,and there were no chemical modifications or crosslinking agents required.The kosmotropic anions induced stronger hydrophobic interactions,bundling within molecular chains,and blockage of foam drainage channels,which significantly improved the foaming ability and the lifetime and mechanical properties of the foam.Moreover,rational structure design realized a promising on-demand degradation mechanism via a cascading“light trigger-heat generation-Marangoni flow generation”process occurring on the bubble surfaces.On this basis,the BPNs converted light into thermal energy,which induced Marangoni flow driven by surface tension gradients along the gas-liquid interfaces,and the bubble film ruptured within seconds upon light illumination.The designed stimulus-response systems combined stable,fast and repeatable processes without sacrificing the foaming abilities,thus providing a general way to control the stabilities of foams,bubbles and films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52404258)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230714)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085QE173)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2023M743387)。
文摘Two-dimensional black phosphorus(2D BP)utilized in flame retardant applications frequently encounters significant challenges,including inadequate ambient stability and elevated carbon monoxide(CO)release rates.To mitigate these issues,an effective approach was proposed for the fabrication of 2D heterostructures comprising copper oxide intercalated with BP in this work.This methodology takes into account both thermodynamic and kinetic factors,resulting in substantial enhancements in the ambient stability of BP and the catalytic performance for CO elimination,achieved through the synergistic interactions between 2D BP and copper oxide,all while preserving the structural integrity of 2D BP.The incorporation of gelatin and kosmotropic anions facilitated the efficient adhesion of the multifunctional heterostructures to the flammable flexible polyurethane foam(FPUF),which not only scavenged free radicals in the gas phase but also catalyzed the formation of a dense carbon layer in the condensed phase.Kosmotropic anions induce a salting-out effect that fosters the development of a chain bundle,a hydrophobic interaction domain,and a potential microphase separation region within the gelatin chains,leading to a marked improvement in the mechanical strength of the heterostructure coatings.The modified FPUF exhibited a high limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 34%,alongside significantly improved flame resistance:the peak CO release rate was reduced by 78%,the peak heat release rate decreased by 57%,and the fire performance index(FPI)was increased by 40 times compared to untreated FPUF.The 2D heterostructure coatings demonstrated better CO catalytic removal performance relative to previously reported flame retardant products.This research offers a promising design principle for the development of next-generation high-performance flame retardant coatings aimed at enhancing fire protection.
基金supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B07035)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(81530014)+1 种基金the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81425004,81770442,81570324)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(Zhang Cheng)。
文摘To test whether circulating and intracoronary biomarkers and coronary plaque strain have additive values to Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events(GRACE) score for predicting long-term cardiovascular events in ACS patients. One hundred ACS patients were enrolled and the GRACE score and plasma levels and intracoronary gradients of a number of biomarkers were measured. Coronary plaque burden and morphology in non-critical stenotic plaques were determined by intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) technique, and the maximal shear strain(SSmax) and maximal area strain(ASmax) were determined by intravascular ultrasound elastography(IVUSE) technique. Patients were followed for cardiovascular events and the predictive values of clinical characteristics, plasma biomarkers and plaque parameters were compared with GRACE score, and the incremental values of these measurements to the GRACE score were assessed. GRACE score, plasma biomarkers and plaque strain were independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Combination of GRACE score, plasma biomarkers and plaque strains significantly improved the predictive value of the GRACE score alone with the receiver-operating characteristic area increased from0.457 to 0.667(P=0.014). The combination of circulating and intracoronary biomarkers, plaque strain and GRACE score provides a better predictive tool than GRACE score alone in patients with ACS.
基金The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Program(2022YFB4004100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875243,21673221,22209168)+1 种基金Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(20200201001JC,20190201270JC,20180101030JC)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific,Technological Development by the Central Government(Grant No.2020JH6/10500021).
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have great potential to become the next generation green energy technique,but their application is limited by the slow kinetics of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in acidic medium.Meanwhile,the high price of Pt-based catalysts,which are now widely used commercially,has raised the cost of PEMFCs.Therefore,non-noble metal ORR catalysts as alternatives to Pt-based group metals(PGM)have attracted much attention.However,there is still a big gap between the performance of non-noble metal catalysts and commercial Pt/C catalysts in acidic environment.Recently,it has been realized that the performance of catalysts is closely related to the structure of catalytically active sites.Inspired by this,in this review,we firstly introduced the development and breakthrough of non-noble metals as activity sites.We then briefly summarized their catalytic mechanisms,and put forward some suggestions on how to improve the activity and stability of non-noble metal ORR catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61331001,81571689,and 11774101)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2014HM084)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(Nos.2015B020233016,2014B020215003,and 2014A020215031)the Distinguished Young Teacher Project in Higher Education of Guangdong,China(No.YQ2015049)the Science and Technology Youth Talent for Special Program of Guangdong,China(No.2015TQ01X882)
文摘Photoacoustic imaging(PAI)has been used to characterize the spatial and quantitative features of lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques with high sensitivity and specificity.In this Letter,we first validate that the ultra-low temperature and formaldehyde treatment have no effect on photoacoustic characteristics of the artery samples.Comparative experiments between the PAI and histological results demonstrate that the ultra-low temperature or formaldehyde treatment has few effects on the PAI of the lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques;the lipid relative concentration and the lipid percentage by PAI hold high correlation with histology.
