A series of high-entropy ceramics with the nominal composition(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)(0≤x≤0.4)has been successfully synthesized using the conventional solid-phase method.T...A series of high-entropy ceramics with the nominal composition(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)(0≤x≤0.4)has been successfully synthesized using the conventional solid-phase method.The(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics are confirmed to be composed of the main phase(Zn,Mg,Li)TiO_(3)and the secondary phase Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_(3)by X-ray diffractometer,Rietveld refinement,and X-ray spectroscopy analysis.The quality factor(Q×f)of the samples is inversely proportional to the content of the Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_(3)phase,and it is influenced by the density.The secondary phase and molecular polarizability(α_(T))have a significant impact on the dielectric constant(ε_(r))of the samples.Moreover,the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τ_(f))of the samples is determined by the distortion of[TiO_(6)]octahedra and the secondary phase.The results indicate tha(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics achieve ideal microwave dielectric properties(ε_(r)=17.6,Q×f=40900 GHz,τ_(f)=-8.6 ppm/℃)when x=0.35.(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics possess the potential for application in wireless communication,and a new approach has been provided to enhance the perform-ance of microwave dielectric ceramics.展开更多
Biomedical field has been seeking a feasible standard drug screening system consisting of 3D tumor model array for drug researching due to providing sufficient samples and simulating actual in vivo tumor growth situat...Biomedical field has been seeking a feasible standard drug screening system consisting of 3D tumor model array for drug researching due to providing sufficient samples and simulating actual in vivo tumor growth situation,which is still a challenge to rapidly and uniformly establish though.Here,we propose a novel drug screening system,namely 3D tumor array chip with“layer cake”structure,for drug screening.Accurate gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel droplets(~0.1μL)containing tumor cells can be automatically deposited on demand with electrohydrodynamic 3D printing.Transparent conductive membrane is introduced as a chip basement for preventing charges accumulation during fabricating and convenient observing during screening.Culturing chambers formed by stainless steel and silicon interlayer is convenient to be assembled and recycled.As this chip is compatible with the existing 96-well culturing plate,the drug screening protocols could keep the same as convention.Important properties of this chip,namely printing stability,customizability,accuracy,microenvironment,tumor functionalization,are detailly examined.As a demonstration,it is applied for screening of epirubicin and paclitaxel with breast tumor cells to confirm the compatibility of the proposed screening system with the traditional screening methods.We believe this chip will potentially play a significant role in drug evaluation in the future.展开更多
Graphic abstract Concept of 3D bioprinting 3D printing,also called additive manufacturing,is a layerby-layer manufacturing method,and it has been implemented in a wide variety of areas.3D printing could be treated as ...Graphic abstract Concept of 3D bioprinting 3D printing,also called additive manufacturing,is a layerby-layer manufacturing method,and it has been implemented in a wide variety of areas.3D printing could be treated as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling the chips or slicing into a potato[1].When this simple idea is met with biomedical engineering,3D bioprinting is born.展开更多
Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced pota...Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced potato,shredded potato,diced potato to integrity[1].Generally speaking,cell-laden 3D bioprinting can be classified into three types:extrusion-based,droplet-based and photocuring-based bioprinting according to different printing principles.Extrusion-based bioprinting squeezes out continuous hydrogel fibers to set up structures;dropletbased bioprinting generates droplets as the basic unit for biofabrication;and photocuring-based bioprinting utilizes the characteristics of light-sensitive materials,to stack 3D models layer-by-layer.Different bioprinting approaches own diverse characteristics facing various scenarios and have specific requirements for bioinks.展开更多
Micro-/nano-patterns on hydrogels are widely used in cell patterning.However,manufacturing molds with traditional lithography is time-consuming and expensive.In addition,the excessive demolding force can easily damage...Micro-/nano-patterns on hydrogels are widely used in cell patterning.However,manufacturing molds with traditional lithography is time-consuming and expensive.In addition,the excessive demolding force can easily damage patterns since biocompatible hydrogels are ultra-soft or brittle.Here,we presented a novel method for rapid and mass fabrication of cell patterns.High-precision three-dimensional(3D)printing was used to manufacture a mold with a resolution of 2µm,and the gelatin-based hydrogel was cured by thermal–photo-crosslinking so that the low-concentration and low-substitutionrate hydrogel could be demolded successfully.We found that pre-cooling before illumination made gelatin-based hydrogels resilient due to the partial regain of triple-helix structures.With this method,arbitrarily customized hydrogel patterns with a feature size of 6–80µm can be fabricated stably and at low cost.When cardiomyocytes were seeded on ultra-soft hydrogels with parallel groove structures,a consistent and spontaneous beating with 216 beats per minute(BPM)could be observed,approaching the natural beating rate of rat hearts(300 BPM).Overall,this work provides a general scheme for manufacturing cell patterns which has great potential for cell ethology and tissue repair.展开更多
Introduction Why 3D cell culture urgently needed?Tissue engineering has extremely influenced the development process of basic biological studies and biomedical technology.For quite a long time,the vast majority of the...Introduction Why 3D cell culture urgently needed?Tissue engineering has extremely influenced the development process of basic biological studies and biomedical technology.For quite a long time,the vast majority of these researches have been relying on the experimental results of conventional two-dimensional(2D)cell culture in flask,petri dish or well plate.However,these 2D culture results could be very different with or even totally opposite to the actual situations in vivo where cells grow inside a 3D extracellular matrix(ECM).Therefore,3D cell culture has been playing a more and more significant role because of its higher accuracy and authenticity[1–4].展开更多
Dilemmas of current drug screening Recently,multiple technological advancements have been involved in the process of drug research and discovery.In addition,the spending on the relevant projects has doubled in the las...Dilemmas of current drug screening Recently,multiple technological advancements have been involved in the process of drug research and discovery.In addition,the spending on the relevant projects has doubled in the last 20 years,cumulatively increasing 28%from 2014 to 2016.However,these improvements have not led directly to an obvious increase in feasible drug candidates that successfully passed the clinical trials.According to the increased spending and stagnant clinical success rate of 10–20%,the efficiency of this project drastically decreased from around 40 drugs per billion in 1950 to 0.6 drugs in 2012.展开更多
Lung diseases associated with alveoli,such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,have posed a long-term threat to human health.However,an in vitro model capable of simulating different deformations of the alveoli and...Lung diseases associated with alveoli,such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,have posed a long-term threat to human health.However,an in vitro model capable of simulating different deformations of the alveoli and a suitable material for mimicking basement membrane are currently lacking.Here,we present an innovative biomimetic controllable strain membrane(BCSM)at an air–liquid interface(ALI)to reconstruct alveolar respiration.The BCSM consists of a high-precision three-dimensional printing melt-electrowritten polycaprolactone(PCL)mesh,coated with a hydrogel substrate—to simulate the important functions(such as stiffness,porosity,wettability,and ALI)of alveolar microenvironments,and seeded pulmonary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells on either side,respectively.Inspired by papercutting,the BCSM was fabricated in the plane while it operated in three dimensions.A series of the topological structure of the BCSM was designed to control various local-area strain,mimicking alveolar varied deformation.Lopinavir/ritonavir could reduce Lamin A expression under over-stretch condition,which might be effective in preventing ventilator-induced lung injury.The biomimetic lung-unit model with BCSM has broader application prospects in alveoli-related research in the future,such as in drug toxicology and metabolism.展开更多
Paper-based microchips have different advantages,such as better biocompatibility,simple production,and easy handling,making them promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and other fields.This study describes ametho...Paper-based microchips have different advantages,such as better biocompatibility,simple production,and easy handling,making them promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and other fields.This study describes amethod developed to fabricate modular three-dimensional(3D)paper-based microfluidic chips based on projection-based 3D printing(PBP)technology.A series of two-dimensional(2D)paper-based microfluidic modules was designed and fabricated.After evaluating the effect of exposure time on the accuracy of the flow channel,the resolution of this channel was experimentally analyzed.Furthermore,several 3D paper-based microfluidic chips were assembled based on the 2D ones using different methods,with good channel connectivity.Scaffold-based 2D and hydrogel-based 3D cell culture systems based on 3D paper-based microfluidic chips were verified to be feasible.Furthermore,by combining extrusion 3D bioprinting technology and the proposed 3D paper-based microfluidic chips,multiorgan microfluidic chips were established by directly printing 3D hydrogel structures on 3D paperbased microfluidic chips,confirming that the prepared modular 3D paper-based microfluidic chip is potentially applicable in various biomedical applications.展开更多
Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio a...Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies,rendering it a highly promising technique in this field.However,achieving standardized,high-fidelity,and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge.The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research.Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials;rather,effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality.The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting.To bridge this critical gap,we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials.Building upon this,we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research,encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications.Furthermore,we clarified several critical issues,including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks,mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft-hard composite structures,the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks,liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures,and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing.This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting,holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.展开更多
In present study,high-entropy(Mg_(1/2)Zn_(1/2))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Co_(1/2)Ni_(1/2))_(0.4-x)Al_(2)O_(4)ceramics were fabricated via the solid-state reaction approach.The high-entropy ceramics exhibited a spinel structure...In present study,high-entropy(Mg_(1/2)Zn_(1/2))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Co_(1/2)Ni_(1/2))_(0.4-x)Al_(2)O_(4)ceramics were fabricated via the solid-state reaction approach.The high-entropy ceramics exhibited a spinel structure with short-range local disorder and long-range structural order.The reduction of Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+)content suppress the damping behavior of atomic vibrations,promoting the structural ordering and contributing to higher quality factor(Q×f).The x=0.35 sample with sintering at 1550℃exhibited great microwave dielectric properties:a low dielectric constant(εr)of 7.92,a high-quality factor of 135,525 GHz,and a temperature coefficient of resonance frequency(Tf)of-49×10^(-6)℃^(-1).The_(εΓ)value was jointly dominated by both polarizability and relative density.The Q×f value was primarily connected to relative density,atomic vibrations,and the degree of covalency.The_(εГ)value was highly associated with the bond strength.Thesefindings demonstrate the effectiveness of adopting high-entropy composition design for significantly improving microwave dielectric properties.展开更多
Herein the biowaste by-product spent coffee grounds(SCGs)from coffee industry were incorporated into asphalt binders for performance enhancement.From the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),diffe...Herein the biowaste by-product spent coffee grounds(SCGs)from coffee industry were incorporated into asphalt binders for performance enhancement.From the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),dynamic shear rheometer(DSR),and Brookfield viscosity rheometer,it is confirmed that SCGs have potential prospects as bio-waste modifiers in the application of sustainable pavements.Results demonstrated that the modification process was mainly based on physical reinforcement.Compared with that of the neat asphalt,the shearing stress-resistant ability and high-temperature performance of the SCGs modified binders with the appropriate addition presented a bit of improvement;whereas the binders with 1%and 3%SCGs exhibited remarkably enhanced low-temperature stability.However,notable weaknesses of practical performance were shown for the binder with excessive content of SCGs,indicating the necessity of proportion selecting before application.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(No.2023YFQ0082)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Device,China(No.EFMD2022005Z)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals,China(No.SKL-SPM-202021).
文摘A series of high-entropy ceramics with the nominal composition(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)(0≤x≤0.4)has been successfully synthesized using the conventional solid-phase method.The(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics are confirmed to be composed of the main phase(Zn,Mg,Li)TiO_(3)and the secondary phase Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_(3)by X-ray diffractometer,Rietveld refinement,and X-ray spectroscopy analysis.The quality factor(Q×f)of the samples is inversely proportional to the content of the Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_(3)phase,and it is influenced by the density.The secondary phase and molecular polarizability(α_(T))have a significant impact on the dielectric constant(ε_(r))of the samples.Moreover,the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(τ_(f))of the samples is determined by the distortion of[TiO_(6)]octahedra and the secondary phase.The results indicate tha(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics achieve ideal microwave dielectric properties(ε_(r)=17.6,Q×f=40900 GHz,τ_(f)=-8.6 ppm/℃)when x=0.35.(Mg_(0.5)Zn_(0.5))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))_(0.4−x)TiO_(3)ceramics possess the potential for application in wireless communication,and a new approach has been provided to enhance the perform-ance of microwave dielectric ceramics.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.U1609207)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703000)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51521064).
文摘Biomedical field has been seeking a feasible standard drug screening system consisting of 3D tumor model array for drug researching due to providing sufficient samples and simulating actual in vivo tumor growth situation,which is still a challenge to rapidly and uniformly establish though.Here,we propose a novel drug screening system,namely 3D tumor array chip with“layer cake”structure,for drug screening.Accurate gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel droplets(~0.1μL)containing tumor cells can be automatically deposited on demand with electrohydrodynamic 3D printing.Transparent conductive membrane is introduced as a chip basement for preventing charges accumulation during fabricating and convenient observing during screening.Culturing chambers formed by stainless steel and silicon interlayer is convenient to be assembled and recycled.As this chip is compatible with the existing 96-well culturing plate,the drug screening protocols could keep the same as convention.Important properties of this chip,namely printing stability,customizability,accuracy,microenvironment,tumor functionalization,are detailly examined.As a demonstration,it is applied for screening of epirubicin and paclitaxel with breast tumor cells to confirm the compatibility of the proposed screening system with the traditional screening methods.We believe this chip will potentially play a significant role in drug evaluation in the future.
文摘Graphic abstract Concept of 3D bioprinting 3D printing,also called additive manufacturing,is a layerby-layer manufacturing method,and it has been implemented in a wide variety of areas.3D printing could be treated as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling the chips or slicing into a potato[1].When this simple idea is met with biomedical engineering,3D bioprinting is born.
文摘Classification of 3D bioprinting As we mentioned in the last editorial,3D printing,also known as additive manufacturing,could be considered as the reverse process of potato cutting,automatically assembling sliced potato,shredded potato,diced potato to integrity[1].Generally speaking,cell-laden 3D bioprinting can be classified into three types:extrusion-based,droplet-based and photocuring-based bioprinting according to different printing principles.Extrusion-based bioprinting squeezes out continuous hydrogel fibers to set up structures;dropletbased bioprinting generates droplets as the basic unit for biofabrication;and photocuring-based bioprinting utilizes the characteristics of light-sensitive materials,to stack 3D models layer-by-layer.Different bioprinting approaches own diverse characteristics facing various scenarios and have specific requirements for bioinks.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018YFA0703000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.T2121004 and U1909218)supported by the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.ZYYCXTD-D-202002)。
文摘Micro-/nano-patterns on hydrogels are widely used in cell patterning.However,manufacturing molds with traditional lithography is time-consuming and expensive.In addition,the excessive demolding force can easily damage patterns since biocompatible hydrogels are ultra-soft or brittle.Here,we presented a novel method for rapid and mass fabrication of cell patterns.High-precision three-dimensional(3D)printing was used to manufacture a mold with a resolution of 2µm,and the gelatin-based hydrogel was cured by thermal–photo-crosslinking so that the low-concentration and low-substitutionrate hydrogel could be demolded successfully.We found that pre-cooling before illumination made gelatin-based hydrogels resilient due to the partial regain of triple-helix structures.With this method,arbitrarily customized hydrogel patterns with a feature size of 6–80µm can be fabricated stably and at low cost.When cardiomyocytes were seeded on ultra-soft hydrogels with parallel groove structures,a consistent and spontaneous beating with 216 beats per minute(BPM)could be observed,approaching the natural beating rate of rat hearts(300 BPM).Overall,this work provides a general scheme for manufacturing cell patterns which has great potential for cell ethology and tissue repair.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1909218,81827804).
文摘Introduction Why 3D cell culture urgently needed?Tissue engineering has extremely influenced the development process of basic biological studies and biomedical technology.For quite a long time,the vast majority of these researches have been relying on the experimental results of conventional two-dimensional(2D)cell culture in flask,petri dish or well plate.However,these 2D culture results could be very different with or even totally opposite to the actual situations in vivo where cells grow inside a 3D extracellular matrix(ECM).Therefore,3D cell culture has been playing a more and more significant role because of its higher accuracy and authenticity[1–4].
文摘Dilemmas of current drug screening Recently,multiple technological advancements have been involved in the process of drug research and discovery.In addition,the spending on the relevant projects has doubled in the last 20 years,cumulatively increasing 28%from 2014 to 2016.However,these improvements have not led directly to an obvious increase in feasible drug candidates that successfully passed the clinical trials.According to the increased spending and stagnant clinical success rate of 10–20%,the efficiency of this project drastically decreased from around 40 drugs per billion in 1950 to 0.6 drugs in 2012.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1909218)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2121004).
文摘Lung diseases associated with alveoli,such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,have posed a long-term threat to human health.However,an in vitro model capable of simulating different deformations of the alveoli and a suitable material for mimicking basement membrane are currently lacking.Here,we present an innovative biomimetic controllable strain membrane(BCSM)at an air–liquid interface(ALI)to reconstruct alveolar respiration.The BCSM consists of a high-precision three-dimensional printing melt-electrowritten polycaprolactone(PCL)mesh,coated with a hydrogel substrate—to simulate the important functions(such as stiffness,porosity,wettability,and ALI)of alveolar microenvironments,and seeded pulmonary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells on either side,respectively.Inspired by papercutting,the BCSM was fabricated in the plane while it operated in three dimensions.A series of the topological structure of the BCSM was designed to control various local-area strain,mimicking alveolar varied deformation.Lopinavir/ritonavir could reduce Lamin A expression under over-stretch condition,which might be effective in preventing ventilator-induced lung injury.The biomimetic lung-unit model with BCSM has broader application prospects in alveoli-related research in the future,such as in drug toxicology and metabolism.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52235007,YH)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2121004,YH)+3 种基金the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.52305300,MJX)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722826,MJX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203602,JW)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ22H160020,JW)。
文摘Paper-based microchips have different advantages,such as better biocompatibility,simple production,and easy handling,making them promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and other fields.This study describes amethod developed to fabricate modular three-dimensional(3D)paper-based microfluidic chips based on projection-based 3D printing(PBP)technology.A series of two-dimensional(2D)paper-based microfluidic modules was designed and fabricated.After evaluating the effect of exposure time on the accuracy of the flow channel,the resolution of this channel was experimentally analyzed.Furthermore,several 3D paper-based microfluidic chips were assembled based on the 2D ones using different methods,with good channel connectivity.Scaffold-based 2D and hydrogel-based 3D cell culture systems based on 3D paper-based microfluidic chips were verified to be feasible.Furthermore,by combining extrusion 3D bioprinting technology and the proposed 3D paper-based microfluidic chips,multiorgan microfluidic chips were established by directly printing 3D hydrogel structures on 3D paperbased microfluidic chips,confirming that the prepared modular 3D paper-based microfluidic chip is potentially applicable in various biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:52235007,T2121004,52325504,and 2021YFC2501800)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0027).
文摘Accurately reconstructing the intricate structure of natural organisms is the long-standing goal of 3-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.Projection-based 3D printing boasts the highest resolution-to-manufacturing time ratio among all 3D-printing technologies,rendering it a highly promising technique in this field.However,achieving standardized,high-fidelity,and high-resolution printing of composite structures using bioinks with diverse mechanical properties remains a marked challenge.The root of this challenge lies in the long-standing neglect of multi-material printability research.Multi-material printing is far from a simple physical assembly of different materials;rather,effective control of material interfaces is a crucial factor that governs print quality.The current research gap in this area substantively hinders the widespread application and rapid development of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting.To bridge this critical gap,we developed a multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinter capable of simultaneous printing with 6 materials.Building upon this,we established a fundamental framework for multi-material printability research,encompassing its core logic and essential process specifications.Furthermore,we clarified several critical issues,including the cross-linking behavior of multicomponent bioinks,mechanical mismatch and interface strength in soft-hard composite structures,the penetration behavior of viscous bioinks within hydrogel polymer networks,liquid entrapment and adsorption phenomena in porous heterogeneous structures,and error source analysis along with resolution evaluation in multi-material printing.This study offers a solid theoretical foundation and guidance for the quantitative assessment of multi-material projection-based 3D bioprinting,holding promise to advance the field toward higher precision and the reconstruction of more intricate biological structures.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFQ0082)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices(No.EFMD2022005Z)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(No.2023-GH02-00061-HZ).
文摘In present study,high-entropy(Mg_(1/2)Zn_(1/2))_(0.4+x)Li_(0.4)(Co_(1/2)Ni_(1/2))_(0.4-x)Al_(2)O_(4)ceramics were fabricated via the solid-state reaction approach.The high-entropy ceramics exhibited a spinel structure with short-range local disorder and long-range structural order.The reduction of Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+)content suppress the damping behavior of atomic vibrations,promoting the structural ordering and contributing to higher quality factor(Q×f).The x=0.35 sample with sintering at 1550℃exhibited great microwave dielectric properties:a low dielectric constant(εr)of 7.92,a high-quality factor of 135,525 GHz,and a temperature coefficient of resonance frequency(Tf)of-49×10^(-6)℃^(-1).The_(εΓ)value was jointly dominated by both polarizability and relative density.The Q×f value was primarily connected to relative density,atomic vibrations,and the degree of covalency.The_(εГ)value was highly associated with the bond strength.Thesefindings demonstrate the effectiveness of adopting high-entropy composition design for significantly improving microwave dielectric properties.
文摘Herein the biowaste by-product spent coffee grounds(SCGs)from coffee industry were incorporated into asphalt binders for performance enhancement.From the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),dynamic shear rheometer(DSR),and Brookfield viscosity rheometer,it is confirmed that SCGs have potential prospects as bio-waste modifiers in the application of sustainable pavements.Results demonstrated that the modification process was mainly based on physical reinforcement.Compared with that of the neat asphalt,the shearing stress-resistant ability and high-temperature performance of the SCGs modified binders with the appropriate addition presented a bit of improvement;whereas the binders with 1%and 3%SCGs exhibited remarkably enhanced low-temperature stability.However,notable weaknesses of practical performance were shown for the binder with excessive content of SCGs,indicating the necessity of proportion selecting before application.
