Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooper...Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooperative behavior management assumed that the maximumdegree of cooperation of experts is to totally accept the revisions suggested by the moderator,which restricted individuals with altruistic behaviors to make more contributions in the agreement-reaching process.In addition,when grouping a large group into subgroups by clustering methods,existing studies were based on the similarity of evaluation values or trust relationships among experts separately but did not consider them simultaneously.In this study,we introduce a clustering method considering the similarity of evaluation values and the trust relations of experts and then develop a consensusmodel taking into account the altruistic behaviors of experts.First,we cluster experts into subgroups by a constrained Kmeans clustering algorithm according to the opinion similarity and trust relationship of experts.Then,we calculate the weights of experts and clusters based on the centrality degrees of experts.Next,to enhance the quality of consensus reaching,we identify three kinds of non-cooperative behaviors and propose corresponding feedback mechanisms relying on the altruistic behaviors of experts.A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method in emergency decision-making.The study finds that integrating altruistic behavior analysis in group decision-making can safeguard the interests of experts and ensure the integrity of decision-making information.展开更多
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC)is the second most common skin tumor in humans.Ultraviolet(UV)radiation is an important environmental risk factor for cSCC;other risk factors include human papilloma virus(HPV)in...Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC)is the second most common skin tumor in humans.Ultraviolet(UV)radiation is an important environmental risk factor for cSCC;other risk factors include human papilloma virus(HPV)infection,chronic inflammation,and chronic wounds.A large proportion of patients present with an aggressive form of cSCC at the time of diagnosis,which is often accompanied by regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases.The long-term prognosis for these highly metastatic diseases is extremely poor,with a 10-year survival rate of less than 10%.Therefore,clarifying the pathogenesis of this tumor is of great significance and may contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers and development of new therapeutic strategies.In this review,we focus on the recent progress in genes related to the development of this tumor,intending to aid future investigations into the genetic alterations related to cSCC.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.71771156,71971145,72171158).
文摘Emergency decision-making problems usually involve many experts with different professional backgrounds and concerns,leading to non-cooperative behaviors during the consensus-reaching process.Many studies on noncooperative behavior management assumed that the maximumdegree of cooperation of experts is to totally accept the revisions suggested by the moderator,which restricted individuals with altruistic behaviors to make more contributions in the agreement-reaching process.In addition,when grouping a large group into subgroups by clustering methods,existing studies were based on the similarity of evaluation values or trust relationships among experts separately but did not consider them simultaneously.In this study,we introduce a clustering method considering the similarity of evaluation values and the trust relations of experts and then develop a consensusmodel taking into account the altruistic behaviors of experts.First,we cluster experts into subgroups by a constrained Kmeans clustering algorithm according to the opinion similarity and trust relationship of experts.Then,we calculate the weights of experts and clusters based on the centrality degrees of experts.Next,to enhance the quality of consensus reaching,we identify three kinds of non-cooperative behaviors and propose corresponding feedback mechanisms relying on the altruistic behaviors of experts.A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method in emergency decision-making.The study finds that integrating altruistic behavior analysis in group decision-making can safeguard the interests of experts and ensure the integrity of decision-making information.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20191136)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332019104)the Open Project of Jiangsu Biobank of Clinical Resources(No.JSSWYB2020-05-003).
文摘Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC)is the second most common skin tumor in humans.Ultraviolet(UV)radiation is an important environmental risk factor for cSCC;other risk factors include human papilloma virus(HPV)infection,chronic inflammation,and chronic wounds.A large proportion of patients present with an aggressive form of cSCC at the time of diagnosis,which is often accompanied by regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases.The long-term prognosis for these highly metastatic diseases is extremely poor,with a 10-year survival rate of less than 10%.Therefore,clarifying the pathogenesis of this tumor is of great significance and may contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers and development of new therapeutic strategies.In this review,we focus on the recent progress in genes related to the development of this tumor,intending to aid future investigations into the genetic alterations related to cSCC.
