Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central ...Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)and the reference lists up to May 1st,2017.Data from eligible randomized controlled trails(RCT)studies including three different treatment options were extracted.The primary outcome was maximal voiding volume(MVV).We performed pairwise metaanalyses by random effects model and NMA by Bayesian model.We used the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE)framework to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.Results:Six RCTs(462 patients)comparing three different interventions fulfilled the inclusion criteria.A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items.The results of NMA showed that compared with antimuscarinic drugs,Parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in the MVV(mean difference[MD]=58.50,95% confidential interval[CI]:45.95-69.52),followed by urotherapy group(MD=21.03,95%CI:11.85-29.97).When it comes to the constipation,antimuscarinic drugs exerted significant benefit than PTENS(odds ratio[OR]:0.22,95%CI:0.01-0.46).No significant difference was found between other treatments.Conclusion:Compared with antimuscarinic drugs,PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV,but more constipation events in de novo OAB children.Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy.Clinicians should take all known safety and compliance of patients into account when choosing an optimal strategy.展开更多
Anaerobic digestion(AD)has been considered as a promising technique for food waste(FW)recycling.However,the accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)restricts the stability of anaerobic reactors.The present study inv...Anaerobic digestion(AD)has been considered as a promising technique for food waste(FW)recycling.However,the accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)restricts the stability of anaerobic reactors.The present study investigated the use of biochar produced at different conditions(750℃-30 min,750℃-60 min,750℃-120 min,550℃-60 min,650℃-60 min,850℃-60 min,950℃-60 min)for enhancing the AD of FW.Batch experiments showed that all the biochar increased the methane production rates and biochar obtained at 750℃-60 min resulted in the highest enhance-ment by 21.5%.It was further showed surface oxygen-containing functional groups and graphitization degree of biochar were the critical factors for improving methane production.Microbial analysis showed that biochar addi-tion formed different microbial communities,and Methanosaeta,Romboutsia,and norank_f_Anaerolineaceae were enriched,which might be correlated with direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET).This research showed biochar could enhance the AD of FW and also revealed the main characteristics of biochar relating with the enhancement of AD.展开更多
Biochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large scale.The development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive interest.Biochar,having a po...Biochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large scale.The development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive interest.Biochar,having a porous nature and highly functionalised surface,can provide nucleation sites for chemical reactions and exhibit compatibility with cement,asphalt,and polymer materials.This study critically reviewed the state-of-the-art biochar-enhanced construction materials,including biochar-cement composites,biochar-asphalt composites,biochar-plastic composites,etc.The efficacies and mechanisms of biochar as construction materials were articulated to improve their functional properties.This critical review highlighted the roles of biochar in cement hydration,surface functional groups of engineered biochar for promoting chemical reactions,and value-added merits of biochar-enhanced construction materials(such as humidity regulation,thermal insulation,noise reduction,air/water purification,electromagnetic shielding,and self-sensing).The major properties of biochar are correlated to the features and functionalities of biochar-enhanced construction materials.Further advances in our understanding of biochar’s roles in various composites can foster the next-generation design of carbon-neutral construction materials.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award 2013,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81300627,81200551,81270841,81460148,81500522 and 81370855)Programs from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant Nos.2013SZ0006 and 2014JY0219)+1 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2017HH0063)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M612971).
文摘Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)and the reference lists up to May 1st,2017.Data from eligible randomized controlled trails(RCT)studies including three different treatment options were extracted.The primary outcome was maximal voiding volume(MVV).We performed pairwise metaanalyses by random effects model and NMA by Bayesian model.We used the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE)framework to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.Results:Six RCTs(462 patients)comparing three different interventions fulfilled the inclusion criteria.A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items.The results of NMA showed that compared with antimuscarinic drugs,Parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in the MVV(mean difference[MD]=58.50,95% confidential interval[CI]:45.95-69.52),followed by urotherapy group(MD=21.03,95%CI:11.85-29.97).When it comes to the constipation,antimuscarinic drugs exerted significant benefit than PTENS(odds ratio[OR]:0.22,95%CI:0.01-0.46).No significant difference was found between other treatments.Conclusion:Compared with antimuscarinic drugs,PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV,but more constipation events in de novo OAB children.Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy.Clinicians should take all known safety and compliance of patients into account when choosing an optimal strategy.
基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19DZ1204704,22ZR1405900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970117)Hong Kong Environment and Conservation Fund(Project 101/2020).
文摘Anaerobic digestion(AD)has been considered as a promising technique for food waste(FW)recycling.However,the accumulation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)restricts the stability of anaerobic reactors.The present study investigated the use of biochar produced at different conditions(750℃-30 min,750℃-60 min,750℃-120 min,550℃-60 min,650℃-60 min,850℃-60 min,950℃-60 min)for enhancing the AD of FW.Batch experiments showed that all the biochar increased the methane production rates and biochar obtained at 750℃-60 min resulted in the highest enhance-ment by 21.5%.It was further showed surface oxygen-containing functional groups and graphitization degree of biochar were the critical factors for improving methane production.Microbial analysis showed that biochar addi-tion formed different microbial communities,and Methanosaeta,Romboutsia,and norank_f_Anaerolineaceae were enriched,which might be correlated with direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET).This research showed biochar could enhance the AD of FW and also revealed the main characteristics of biochar relating with the enhancement of AD.
基金the Hong Kong Green Tech Fund(GTF202020153)Hong Kong Environment and Conservation Fund(Project 104/2021).
文摘Biochar is a waste-derived material that can sequester carbon at a large scale.The development of low-carbon and sustainable biochar-enhanced construction materials has attracted extensive interest.Biochar,having a porous nature and highly functionalised surface,can provide nucleation sites for chemical reactions and exhibit compatibility with cement,asphalt,and polymer materials.This study critically reviewed the state-of-the-art biochar-enhanced construction materials,including biochar-cement composites,biochar-asphalt composites,biochar-plastic composites,etc.The efficacies and mechanisms of biochar as construction materials were articulated to improve their functional properties.This critical review highlighted the roles of biochar in cement hydration,surface functional groups of engineered biochar for promoting chemical reactions,and value-added merits of biochar-enhanced construction materials(such as humidity regulation,thermal insulation,noise reduction,air/water purification,electromagnetic shielding,and self-sensing).The major properties of biochar are correlated to the features and functionalities of biochar-enhanced construction materials.Further advances in our understanding of biochar’s roles in various composites can foster the next-generation design of carbon-neutral construction materials.
