The dielectric laser accelerator(DLA) is a promising technology for achieving high-gradient acceleration in a compact design. Its advantages include ease of cascading and an energy gain per unit distance which can exc...The dielectric laser accelerator(DLA) is a promising technology for achieving high-gradient acceleration in a compact design. Its advantages include ease of cascading and an energy gain per unit distance which can exceed that of conventional accelerators by two orders of magnitude. This paper establishes rules for efficient particle acceleration using dielectric structures based on basic equations, proposes a design principle for DLA structures with clear physical images and verifies the accuracy of the corresponding formula for energy gain. DLA structures with different specifications, materials and geometric shapes are constructed, and the achievable acceleration gradient is calculated. Our results demonstrate that effective acceleration can be achieved when the electric field sensed by particles in the acceleration cavity has zero frequency,which provides a powerful method for designing such devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the simplified formula for calculating energy gain presented in this paper can accurately determine the energy gain of particles during the design of acceleration structures using a dielectric accelerator.展开更多
Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal(HPT)systems simultaneously convert solar energy into electrical power and thermal energy.These systems are attractive as they enable the thermal management of PV cells to maintain optimal o...Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal(HPT)systems simultaneously convert solar energy into electrical power and thermal energy.These systems are attractive as they enable the thermal management of PV cells to maintain optimal operating temperatures and maximize the overall solar energy conversion.Despite their advantages,HPT systems have been limited to storing solar energy in the form of heat or simple water/space heating,thus restricting the broader application scope of HPT systems,particularly in regions with abundant solar energy.Here,we introduce a device that expands the scope of HPT applications by realizing a hybrid PV/water desalination system,achieved through the integration of a Fano-resonant optical coating(FROC)onto a silicon substrate,which is turned superwicking via femtosecond laser surface patterning.This configuration allows a single-junction amorphous silicon solar cell to operate under higher solar concentrations with much less heat conversion,achieving a temperature reduction of 101°C and an efficiency improvement of 335.7%compared to a standalone photovoltaic system under the solar concentration of 5.At the same time,the interfacial water desalination achieves a 2 kgm^(-2)h^(-1)high evaporation rate.Over a 12-hour cycle,our HPT system showed a consistent performance,demonstrating a combined solar conversion efficiency of 79.6%.The demonstrated superwicking-FROC will pave the way for widespread adoption of HPT systems particularly in sunny coastal regions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975214)。
文摘The dielectric laser accelerator(DLA) is a promising technology for achieving high-gradient acceleration in a compact design. Its advantages include ease of cascading and an energy gain per unit distance which can exceed that of conventional accelerators by two orders of magnitude. This paper establishes rules for efficient particle acceleration using dielectric structures based on basic equations, proposes a design principle for DLA structures with clear physical images and verifies the accuracy of the corresponding formula for energy gain. DLA structures with different specifications, materials and geometric shapes are constructed, and the achievable acceleration gradient is calculated. Our results demonstrate that effective acceleration can be achieved when the electric field sensed by particles in the acceleration cavity has zero frequency,which provides a powerful method for designing such devices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the simplified formula for calculating energy gain presented in this paper can accurately determine the energy gain of particles during the design of acceleration structures using a dielectric accelerator.
基金supported by Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation,National Science Foundation,FuzeHub,and Goergen Institute for Data Science at University of Rochester.
文摘Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal(HPT)systems simultaneously convert solar energy into electrical power and thermal energy.These systems are attractive as they enable the thermal management of PV cells to maintain optimal operating temperatures and maximize the overall solar energy conversion.Despite their advantages,HPT systems have been limited to storing solar energy in the form of heat or simple water/space heating,thus restricting the broader application scope of HPT systems,particularly in regions with abundant solar energy.Here,we introduce a device that expands the scope of HPT applications by realizing a hybrid PV/water desalination system,achieved through the integration of a Fano-resonant optical coating(FROC)onto a silicon substrate,which is turned superwicking via femtosecond laser surface patterning.This configuration allows a single-junction amorphous silicon solar cell to operate under higher solar concentrations with much less heat conversion,achieving a temperature reduction of 101°C and an efficiency improvement of 335.7%compared to a standalone photovoltaic system under the solar concentration of 5.At the same time,the interfacial water desalination achieves a 2 kgm^(-2)h^(-1)high evaporation rate.Over a 12-hour cycle,our HPT system showed a consistent performance,demonstrating a combined solar conversion efficiency of 79.6%.The demonstrated superwicking-FROC will pave the way for widespread adoption of HPT systems particularly in sunny coastal regions.
