Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system is a promising method for promoting electron transfer in nitrate removal.However,many traditional approaches involving simple physical mixing inevitably suffered from the confined...Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system is a promising method for promoting electron transfer in nitrate removal.However,many traditional approaches involving simple physical mixing inevitably suffered from the confined iron-carbon contact area and short validity period,leading to the overuse of iron.Here,a ceramsite-loaded microscale zero-valent iron(mZVI)and acidified carbon(AC)coupled-galvanic cell(CMC)was designed to support chemical,autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification.Long-term experiments were conducted to monitor the nitrogen removal performance of denitrification reactors filled with CMC and thus optimized the denitrification performance by improving fabrication parameters and various operating conditions.The denitrification contributions test showed that the chemical denitrification pathway contributed most to nitrate removal(57.3%),followed by autotrophic(24.6%)and heterotrophic denitrification pathways(18.1%).The microbial analysis confirmed the significant aggregation of related denitrifying bacteria in the reactors,while AC promoted the expression of relevant nitrogen metabolism genes because of accelerated uptake and utilization of iron complexes.Meanwhile,the electrochemical analysis revealed a significantly improved electron transfer capacity of AC compared to pristine carbon.Overall,our study demonstrated the application of a novel mZVI-AC coupled material for effective nitrate removal and revealed the potential impact of CMC in the multipathway denitrification process.展开更多
The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear.At elevated temperature,the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers.However,the...The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear.At elevated temperature,the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers.However,the intensification of oxidation at elevated temperature and the low diffusion rate in oxides may play an adverse role.The present study aims to investigate the role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear using aγ-TiAl alloy.Scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,Raman spectrometer,transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation were utilized to investigate the wear debris,tribolayers,and wear scars.The fretting tests showed that,compared with that at room temperature(RT)and 350℃,significant reduction in wear rate and decrease in the fluctuation of friction coefficient occurred at 550 and 750℃.It was further revealed that when temperature raised from room temperature(RT)to 750℃,the oxidation of the wear debris increased slightly and the diffusion coefficients increased prominently,which facilities the formation of well tribo-sintered tribolayers.The well tribo-sintered tribolayers presented homogenous structure,nanocrystalline grains with excellent mechanical properties,and resulted in the improvement in the fretting wear resistance of theγ-TiAl alloy at 550 and 750℃.展开更多
Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the normal cells,tissues,and organs of the patients.The etiology of autoimmune diseases is complex and multifactorial....Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the normal cells,tissues,and organs of the patients.The etiology of autoimmune diseases is complex and multifactorial.This review aims to provide a general introduction to the immunological functions of inflammasomes and describe the role of inflammasomes in disorders characterized by self-directed inflammation,with a particular focus on several common autoimmune diseases.We reviewed current research on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and inflammasomes'contribution to autoimmune diseases.Inhibitors targeting inflammasome components were also explored for their potential in therapeutic applications.With increasing research on mechanisms of inflammation of the pathologic conditions,accumulated evidence suggests that the aberrant or uncontrolled activation of inflammasomes contributes to the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases.Additionally,inflammasome-targeting drugs have shown promise in treating autoimmune diseases.Insights into the mechanisms governing inflammasome activation and their roles in autoimmune diseases could contribute to the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases with enhanced targeting precision and reduced adverse reactions.展开更多
基金the project from Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Tobacco Cooperation(#202020530000241006)the key project from Zhejiang Science and Technology Bureaux(#2023C02002).
文摘Iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system is a promising method for promoting electron transfer in nitrate removal.However,many traditional approaches involving simple physical mixing inevitably suffered from the confined iron-carbon contact area and short validity period,leading to the overuse of iron.Here,a ceramsite-loaded microscale zero-valent iron(mZVI)and acidified carbon(AC)coupled-galvanic cell(CMC)was designed to support chemical,autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification.Long-term experiments were conducted to monitor the nitrogen removal performance of denitrification reactors filled with CMC and thus optimized the denitrification performance by improving fabrication parameters and various operating conditions.The denitrification contributions test showed that the chemical denitrification pathway contributed most to nitrate removal(57.3%),followed by autotrophic(24.6%)and heterotrophic denitrification pathways(18.1%).The microbial analysis confirmed the significant aggregation of related denitrifying bacteria in the reactors,while AC promoted the expression of relevant nitrogen metabolism genes because of accelerated uptake and utilization of iron complexes.Meanwhile,the electrochemical analysis revealed a significantly improved electron transfer capacity of AC compared to pristine carbon.Overall,our study demonstrated the application of a novel mZVI-AC coupled material for effective nitrate removal and revealed the potential impact of CMC in the multipathway denitrification process.
基金supported by the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment(SKLT)(contract number:SKLTKF21B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175165)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Project No.BK20200470).
文摘The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear.At elevated temperature,the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers.However,the intensification of oxidation at elevated temperature and the low diffusion rate in oxides may play an adverse role.The present study aims to investigate the role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear using aγ-TiAl alloy.Scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,Raman spectrometer,transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation were utilized to investigate the wear debris,tribolayers,and wear scars.The fretting tests showed that,compared with that at room temperature(RT)and 350℃,significant reduction in wear rate and decrease in the fluctuation of friction coefficient occurred at 550 and 750℃.It was further revealed that when temperature raised from room temperature(RT)to 750℃,the oxidation of the wear debris increased slightly and the diffusion coefficients increased prominently,which facilities the formation of well tribo-sintered tribolayers.The well tribo-sintered tribolayers presented homogenous structure,nanocrystalline grains with excellent mechanical properties,and resulted in the improvement in the fretting wear resistance of theγ-TiAl alloy at 550 and 750℃.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2306102National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32130038.
文摘Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the normal cells,tissues,and organs of the patients.The etiology of autoimmune diseases is complex and multifactorial.This review aims to provide a general introduction to the immunological functions of inflammasomes and describe the role of inflammasomes in disorders characterized by self-directed inflammation,with a particular focus on several common autoimmune diseases.We reviewed current research on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and inflammasomes'contribution to autoimmune diseases.Inhibitors targeting inflammasome components were also explored for their potential in therapeutic applications.With increasing research on mechanisms of inflammation of the pathologic conditions,accumulated evidence suggests that the aberrant or uncontrolled activation of inflammasomes contributes to the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases.Additionally,inflammasome-targeting drugs have shown promise in treating autoimmune diseases.Insights into the mechanisms governing inflammasome activation and their roles in autoimmune diseases could contribute to the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases with enhanced targeting precision and reduced adverse reactions.
