铜基电催化剂在CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)中产高附加值产物的潜力巨大,是实现碳负排放的一种很有前景的途径。同时,安培级电流是实现多碳(C_(2+))产业化的关键。然而,由于复杂的电子传递过程和不可避免的副反应,工业电流密度下的C_(2+)...铜基电催化剂在CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)中产高附加值产物的潜力巨大,是实现碳负排放的一种很有前景的途径。同时,安培级电流是实现多碳(C_(2+))产业化的关键。然而,由于复杂的电子传递过程和不可避免的副反应,工业电流密度下的C_(2+)选择性仍然不令人满意。在此,我们开发了一种碳修饰策略来优化局部环境并调节中间产物在Cu活性位点的吸附。结果表明,Cu-Cx催化剂(x为催化剂中C的原子百分数)能有效催化CO_(2)RR生成C_(2+)产物。特别是在流动池中,Cu-C6%在−0.72 V vs.RHE(相对可逆氢电极)条件下,电流密度可达1.25 A∙cm^(−2),C_(2)H_(4)和C_(2+)产物的法拉第效率(FE)分别可达54.4%和80.2%。原位光谱分析和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,C的存在调节了*CO在Cu表面的吸附,降低了C―C耦合的能垒,从而促进了C_(2+)产物的生成。展开更多
Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Curren...Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion.展开更多
Organ shortage is a global issue.Data collected by the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation reveals that over 150,000 solid organ transplants are conducted globally each year,a 52%increase from 2010(http...Organ shortage is a global issue.Data collected by the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation reveals that over 150,000 solid organ transplants are conducted globally each year,a 52%increase from 2010(http://www.transplant-observatory.org//2021-global-report).展开更多
文摘铜基电催化剂在CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)中产高附加值产物的潜力巨大,是实现碳负排放的一种很有前景的途径。同时,安培级电流是实现多碳(C_(2+))产业化的关键。然而,由于复杂的电子传递过程和不可避免的副反应,工业电流密度下的C_(2+)选择性仍然不令人满意。在此,我们开发了一种碳修饰策略来优化局部环境并调节中间产物在Cu活性位点的吸附。结果表明,Cu-Cx催化剂(x为催化剂中C的原子百分数)能有效催化CO_(2)RR生成C_(2+)产物。特别是在流动池中,Cu-C6%在−0.72 V vs.RHE(相对可逆氢电极)条件下,电流密度可达1.25 A∙cm^(−2),C_(2)H_(4)和C_(2+)产物的法拉第效率(FE)分别可达54.4%和80.2%。原位光谱分析和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,C的存在调节了*CO在Cu表面的吸附,降低了C―C耦合的能垒,从而促进了C_(2+)产物的生成。
基金National Key Research and Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0903800,2021YFA0805701,2021YFA0805905 and 2022YFA1103603CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,Grant/Award Number:YSBR-012+2 种基金STI 2030-Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023ZD0407503National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32071456 and 82241224Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDA16030000。
文摘Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion.
文摘Organ shortage is a global issue.Data collected by the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation reveals that over 150,000 solid organ transplants are conducted globally each year,a 52%increase from 2010(http://www.transplant-observatory.org//2021-global-report).
