The flexible physical sensors have the advantage of pliability and extensibility and can be easily twisted or curved.The development of flexibility from rigidity has significantly increased the application situations ...The flexible physical sensors have the advantage of pliability and extensibility and can be easily twisted or curved.The development of flexibility from rigidity has significantly increased the application situations for sensors,especially in intelligent robots,tactile platforms,wearable medical sensors,bionic devices,and other fields.The research of membrane-based flexible physical sensors relies on the development of advanced materials and technologies,which have been derived from a wide range of applications.Various technical methods and principles have gradually matured according to the different applications and materials used.The first section of this review discusses membrane substrates and functional materials,summarizing the development of flexible physical sensors.According to the technical sensing principles,the review is concerned with the state of research on physical sensing platforms.Lastly,the difficulties and chances for the design of emerging membrane-based flexible physical sensors in the coming years are presented.展开更多
The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution,especially first flush,calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal variation.The wash-off model has ...The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution,especially first flush,calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal variation.The wash-off model has advantages in modeling rainfall-runoff pollution due to the inclusion of two key physical processes,build-up and wash-off.However,this disregards pollution load from wet precipitation and the relationship between rainfall and runoff,leading to uncertainties in model outputs.This study integrated the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN)into the wash-off model and added pollutant load from wet precipitation to enhance the rainfall-runoff pollution modeling.The enhanced wash-off model was validated in a typical rural-residential area.The results showed that the model performed better than the established wash-off model and the commonly-used event mean concentrations method,and identified two different modes of pollution characteristics dominated by land pollution and rainfall pollution,respectively.In addition,the model simulated more accurate pollutant concentrations at high-temporal-resolution.From this,it was found that 12%of the total runoff contained 80%to 95%of the total load for chemical oxygen demand,total N,and total P,whereas it contained only 15%of the total load for NH4+-N.The enhanced model can provide deeper insights into non-point pollution mitigation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52403081)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172126)+1 种基金Research Startup Fund of Changzhou University(ZMF24020055)Young Scientists Lifting Project of Changzhou and Jiangsu Province and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BX2023026)。
文摘The flexible physical sensors have the advantage of pliability and extensibility and can be easily twisted or curved.The development of flexibility from rigidity has significantly increased the application situations for sensors,especially in intelligent robots,tactile platforms,wearable medical sensors,bionic devices,and other fields.The research of membrane-based flexible physical sensors relies on the development of advanced materials and technologies,which have been derived from a wide range of applications.Various technical methods and principles have gradually matured according to the different applications and materials used.The first section of this review discusses membrane substrates and functional materials,summarizing the development of flexible physical sensors.According to the technical sensing principles,the review is concerned with the state of research on physical sensing platforms.Lastly,the difficulties and chances for the design of emerging membrane-based flexible physical sensors in the coming years are presented.
基金financially supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province (202202AE090034)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province (202203AC100002)the Erhai Academy of Green Development(EAGD)
文摘The growing need to mitigate rainfall-runoff pollution,especially first flush,calls for accurate quantification of pollution load and the refined understanding of its spatial-temporal variation.The wash-off model has advantages in modeling rainfall-runoff pollution due to the inclusion of two key physical processes,build-up and wash-off.However,this disregards pollution load from wet precipitation and the relationship between rainfall and runoff,leading to uncertainties in model outputs.This study integrated the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN)into the wash-off model and added pollutant load from wet precipitation to enhance the rainfall-runoff pollution modeling.The enhanced wash-off model was validated in a typical rural-residential area.The results showed that the model performed better than the established wash-off model and the commonly-used event mean concentrations method,and identified two different modes of pollution characteristics dominated by land pollution and rainfall pollution,respectively.In addition,the model simulated more accurate pollutant concentrations at high-temporal-resolution.From this,it was found that 12%of the total runoff contained 80%to 95%of the total load for chemical oxygen demand,total N,and total P,whereas it contained only 15%of the total load for NH4+-N.The enhanced model can provide deeper insights into non-point pollution mitigation.
