Background The seasonal cycle of the influenza virus causes substantial morbidity and mortality globally.The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)on the circulation of influenza viruses...Background The seasonal cycle of the influenza virus causes substantial morbidity and mortality globally.The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)on the circulation of influenza viruses can influence influenza-associated excess mortality.Given the few studies that have explored this topic,the objective of this study was to evaluate influenza-associated excess mortality in the Chinese mainland from 2012 to 2021 and quantify the changes from 2020 to 2021 compared with 2012–2019.Methods Using data from national influenza surveillance report and disease surveillance points,we fitted a generalized additive model on all-cause(AC),pneumonia&influenza(P&I),and respiratory(R)mortality rates.In this model,we included data of influenza activity(A/H1N1,A/H3N2 and B),temperature,absolute humidity,the COVID-19 pandemic,and time trends.The excess mortality was estimated by subtracting the fitted baseline mortality from the predicted mortality,which set influenza activity to zero.Results The respiratory mortality model explained more than 90%of the variance,indicating the good performance.We found that the influenza-associated mortality was generally decreasing from 2020 to 2021,for instance,influenza A/H1N1-associated excess respiratory mortality(ERM)decreased from 2.62 per 100,000 persons(95%confidence interval:0.16–5.21)to 0.31(0.02–0.60)in the northern region and from 3.79(0.09–7.05)to 0.24(0.02–0.46)in the southern region between 2012–2019 and 2020–2021.A similar pattern was observed for A/H3N2-associated ERM.While the influenza B remained similar scale,for instance,the ERM was 2.90(0.72–4.3)and 2.26(1.76–2.76)in the southern region between 2012–2019 and 2020–2021,respectively.Distinct pattern was observed for the AC and P&I outcomes.Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced influenza-associated excess mortality,which may be a result of the reduced activity of the influenza virus caused by nonpharmaceutical interventions.Different patterns of regional differences differed for influenza-associated AC,P&I and R mortality.It should be noticed that the contribution of influenza B was generally similar when comparing 2012–2019 and 2020–2021,which highlighted the attention on the influenza B activity.Additional studies are needed to explore the changes in influenzaassociated excess mortality afterwards.展开更多
Long-term consumption of tea with high fluoride(F)content has a potential threat to human health.The application of different amounts of biochar to reduce F accumulation in tea leaves has been little studied.In this s...Long-term consumption of tea with high fluoride(F)content has a potential threat to human health.The application of different amounts of biochar to reduce F accumulation in tea leaves has been little studied.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar amounts(0,0.5%,2.5%,5.0%,8.0%,and 10.0%,w/w)on tea F content during the tea plant growth.Changes in tea quality,soil F fraction,and soil properties caused by biochar and the relationship with tea F accumulation were also considered.The results showed that the application of biochar amendment significantly reduced water-soluble F contents in tea leaves compared to CK(without biochar),especially in the 8.0%treatment(72.55%).Overall,biochar contributed to improving tea polyphenols and caffeine,but had no significant impact on free amino acids and water leachate.Compared with CK,5.0-10.0%biochar significantly increased soil water-soluble F content due to the substitution of F−with OH−under high pH.Additionally,biochar applied to tea garden soil was effective in decreasing the soil exchangeable aluminum(Ex-Al)content(46.37-91.90%)and increasing the soil exchangeable calcium(Ca^(2+))content(12.02-129.74%)compared to CK,and correlation analysis showed that this may help reduce F enrichment of tea leaves.In general,the application of 5.0-8.0%biochar can be suggested as an optimal application dose to decrease tea F contents while simultaneously improving tea quality.展开更多
We report an ultrasensitive protocol for electrochemical sensing using the hydroxyl-rich C-dots assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles(C-dots@AuNP) as labels with copper depositon reaction. The C-dots catalyzing cop...We report an ultrasensitive protocol for electrochemical sensing using the hydroxyl-rich C-dots assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles(C-dots@AuNP) as labels with copper depositon reaction. The C-dots catalyzing copper deposition reaction was implemented for the first time. We constructed a sandwich-type immunosensor on the chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE) by glutaraldehyde(GA) crosslinking, with C-dots@AuNP as biolabels. Copper was deposited on the catalytic surfaces of second antibody-conjugated C-dots@AuNP nanoparticles through CuSO_4-ascorbic acid reduction, because both C-dots and AuNPs could strongly catalyze the CuSO_4 and ascorbic acid to form Cu particles, which amplified the detection signal. Then the corresponding antigen was quantified based on simultaneous chemical-dissolution/cathodic-preconcentration of copper for insitu analysis using anodic stripping square wave voltammetry(ASSWV) directly on the modified electrode. Under optimized conditions, these electrodes were employed for sandwich-type immunoanaly sis, pushing the lower limits of detection(LODs)down to the fg mL^(-1) level for human immunoglobulin G(IgG) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI), a cardiac biomarker. These novel sensors have good stability and acceptable accuracy and reproducibility, suggesting potential applications in clinical diagnostics.展开更多
Simplicity and stability of an analytical method are the key to practical applications.In order to achieve such a goal,a molecule with multifunction could be one of the strategies.In this work,the multifunctional char...Simplicity and stability of an analytical method are the key to practical applications.In order to achieve such a goal,a molecule with multifunction could be one of the strategies.In this work,the multifunctional characteristics of branched polyethylenemine(bPEI)were employed for verification of this hypothesis.Three types of amines in the bPEI can be used to synthesize core-shell nanostructures(bPEI@Au and SiO_(2)@bPEI@Au)in a simple one-pot process within 1 h,and as coreactants with over 500-fold enhancement for electrochemiluminescent(ECL)detection.Based on the remarkable performance of bPEI,a label-free ECL immunosensor and its array with the same assembly strategy were constructed for the simple and rapid determination of three acute myocardial infarction(AMI)biomarkers:cardiac troponin I(cTnI),human-type fatty acid binding protein(hFABP)and copeptin.Both methods exhibited excellent stability and sensitivity with wide linear range and low limits of detection down to fg/mL level by the photomultiplier tube and pg/mL level by the electron-multiplying charge-coupled device.展开更多
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001).
文摘Background The seasonal cycle of the influenza virus causes substantial morbidity and mortality globally.The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)on the circulation of influenza viruses can influence influenza-associated excess mortality.Given the few studies that have explored this topic,the objective of this study was to evaluate influenza-associated excess mortality in the Chinese mainland from 2012 to 2021 and quantify the changes from 2020 to 2021 compared with 2012–2019.Methods Using data from national influenza surveillance report and disease surveillance points,we fitted a generalized additive model on all-cause(AC),pneumonia&influenza(P&I),and respiratory(R)mortality rates.In this model,we included data of influenza activity(A/H1N1,A/H3N2 and B),temperature,absolute humidity,the COVID-19 pandemic,and time trends.The excess mortality was estimated by subtracting the fitted baseline mortality from the predicted mortality,which set influenza activity to zero.Results The respiratory mortality model explained more than 90%of the variance,indicating the good performance.We found that the influenza-associated mortality was generally decreasing from 2020 to 2021,for instance,influenza A/H1N1-associated excess respiratory mortality(ERM)decreased from 2.62 per 100,000 persons(95%confidence interval:0.16–5.21)to 0.31(0.02–0.60)in the northern region and from 3.79(0.09–7.05)to 0.24(0.02–0.46)in the southern region between 2012–2019 and 2020–2021.A similar pattern was observed for A/H3N2-associated ERM.While the influenza B remained similar scale,for instance,the ERM was 2.90(0.72–4.3)and 2.26(1.76–2.76)in the southern region between 2012–2019 and 2020–2021,respectively.Distinct pattern was observed for the AC and P&I outcomes.Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced influenza-associated excess mortality,which may be a result of the reduced activity of the influenza virus caused by nonpharmaceutical interventions.Different patterns of regional differences differed for influenza-associated AC,P&I and R mortality.It should be noticed that the contribution of influenza B was generally similar when comparing 2012–2019 and 2020–2021,which highlighted the attention on the influenza B activity.Additional studies are needed to explore the changes in influenzaassociated excess mortality afterwards.
基金Chenzhou National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Construction Project(2021SFQ05)General Project of Hunan Natural Science Foundation(2022JJ30291)+2 种基金Special Project for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology Systems in Hunan Province(Xiang Nongfa)(2019105)Hunan Agricultural University“1515”Talent ProjectPostgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(QL20210172).
文摘Long-term consumption of tea with high fluoride(F)content has a potential threat to human health.The application of different amounts of biochar to reduce F accumulation in tea leaves has been little studied.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar amounts(0,0.5%,2.5%,5.0%,8.0%,and 10.0%,w/w)on tea F content during the tea plant growth.Changes in tea quality,soil F fraction,and soil properties caused by biochar and the relationship with tea F accumulation were also considered.The results showed that the application of biochar amendment significantly reduced water-soluble F contents in tea leaves compared to CK(without biochar),especially in the 8.0%treatment(72.55%).Overall,biochar contributed to improving tea polyphenols and caffeine,but had no significant impact on free amino acids and water leachate.Compared with CK,5.0-10.0%biochar significantly increased soil water-soluble F content due to the substitution of F−with OH−under high pH.Additionally,biochar applied to tea garden soil was effective in decreasing the soil exchangeable aluminum(Ex-Al)content(46.37-91.90%)and increasing the soil exchangeable calcium(Ca^(2+))content(12.02-129.74%)compared to CK,and correlation analysis showed that this may help reduce F enrichment of tea leaves.In general,the application of 5.0-8.0%biochar can be suggested as an optimal application dose to decrease tea F contents while simultaneously improving tea quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0201300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21335001,21575006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M600846)
文摘We report an ultrasensitive protocol for electrochemical sensing using the hydroxyl-rich C-dots assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles(C-dots@AuNP) as labels with copper depositon reaction. The C-dots catalyzing copper deposition reaction was implemented for the first time. We constructed a sandwich-type immunosensor on the chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE) by glutaraldehyde(GA) crosslinking, with C-dots@AuNP as biolabels. Copper was deposited on the catalytic surfaces of second antibody-conjugated C-dots@AuNP nanoparticles through CuSO_4-ascorbic acid reduction, because both C-dots and AuNPs could strongly catalyze the CuSO_4 and ascorbic acid to form Cu particles, which amplified the detection signal. Then the corresponding antigen was quantified based on simultaneous chemical-dissolution/cathodic-preconcentration of copper for insitu analysis using anodic stripping square wave voltammetry(ASSWV) directly on the modified electrode. Under optimized conditions, these electrodes were employed for sandwich-type immunoanaly sis, pushing the lower limits of detection(LODs)down to the fg mL^(-1) level for human immunoglobulin G(IgG) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI), a cardiac biomarker. These novel sensors have good stability and acceptable accuracy and reproducibility, suggesting potential applications in clinical diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0201300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22034001)Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS-CXXM-202008)。
文摘Simplicity and stability of an analytical method are the key to practical applications.In order to achieve such a goal,a molecule with multifunction could be one of the strategies.In this work,the multifunctional characteristics of branched polyethylenemine(bPEI)were employed for verification of this hypothesis.Three types of amines in the bPEI can be used to synthesize core-shell nanostructures(bPEI@Au and SiO_(2)@bPEI@Au)in a simple one-pot process within 1 h,and as coreactants with over 500-fold enhancement for electrochemiluminescent(ECL)detection.Based on the remarkable performance of bPEI,a label-free ECL immunosensor and its array with the same assembly strategy were constructed for the simple and rapid determination of three acute myocardial infarction(AMI)biomarkers:cardiac troponin I(cTnI),human-type fatty acid binding protein(hFABP)and copeptin.Both methods exhibited excellent stability and sensitivity with wide linear range and low limits of detection down to fg/mL level by the photomultiplier tube and pg/mL level by the electron-multiplying charge-coupled device.
