Geophysical fluid dynamics(GFD)is an interdisciplinary field that studies the large-scale motion of fluids in the natural world.With a wide range of applications such as weather forecasts and climate prediction,GFD em...Geophysical fluid dynamics(GFD)is an interdisciplinary field that studies the large-scale motion of fluids in the natural world.With a wide range of applications such as weather forecasts and climate prediction,GFD employs various research approaches including in-situ observations,satellite measurements,numerical simulations,theoretical analysis,artificial intelligence,and physical model experiments in laboratory.Among these approaches,rotating tank experiments provide a valuable tool for simulating naturally-occurring fluid motions in laboratories.With proportional scaling and proper techniques,scientists can reproduce multi-scale physical processes of stratified fluids in the rotation system,which allows for the simulation of essential characteristics of fluid motions in the atmosphere and oceans.In this review,rotating tanks of various scales in the world are introduced,as these tanks have been actively used to explore fundamental scientific questions in ocean and atmosphere dynamics.To illustrate the GFD experiments,three representative cases are presented to demonstrate the frontier achievements in the the GFD study by using rotating tank experiments:mesoscale eddies in the ocean,convection processes,and plume dynamics.Detailed references for the experimental procedures are provided.Future studies are encouraged to further explore the utilization of rotating tanks with improvements in experimental design and integration of other research methods.This is a promising direction of GFD to help enhance our understanding of the complex nature of fluid motions in the natural world and to address the challenges posed by global environmental changes.展开更多
Oceanic mesoscale eddies typically span tens to hundreds of kilometers and last several weeks to months.They are a key dynamic process influencing the distribution of oceanic energy,affecting energy budgets,heat distr...Oceanic mesoscale eddies typically span tens to hundreds of kilometers and last several weeks to months.They are a key dynamic process influencing the distribution of oceanic energy,affecting energy budgets,heat distributions,and material transport.Advances in satellite remote sensing and in situ observation over the past half-century have substantially enhanced our understanding of the statistical properties,energetics,and dynamic mechanisms of mesoscale eddies,establishing this field as a major focus in physical oceanography.This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in 6 key areas of mesoscale eddy research:(a)eddy detection methods and data products(leading automated detection methods and the corresponding eddy datasets and data products currently available),(b)eddy generation and dissipation(eddy generation,development,and dissipation mechanisms),(c)energy cascades(energy cascades between eddies,large-scale circulation and submesoscale processes,the role of these processes in modulating the energy transfer of near-inertial internal and surface waves,and research progress in related parameterization),(d)air-sea interaction(eddy-induced interactions,especially the interaction between eddies and typhoons),(e)interdisciplinary studies(impacts of eddies on biogeochemistry,acoustics,and other related fields),and(f)observation studies(programs dedicated to studying mesoscale eddies through in situ observation).This article also discusses research prospects on mesoscale eddies.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0604100,2016YFC1402004,2017YFC1404200)the Program for Innovation Research and Entrepreneurship Team in Jiangsu Provincethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41476022,41490643)。
文摘Geophysical fluid dynamics(GFD)is an interdisciplinary field that studies the large-scale motion of fluids in the natural world.With a wide range of applications such as weather forecasts and climate prediction,GFD employs various research approaches including in-situ observations,satellite measurements,numerical simulations,theoretical analysis,artificial intelligence,and physical model experiments in laboratory.Among these approaches,rotating tank experiments provide a valuable tool for simulating naturally-occurring fluid motions in laboratories.With proportional scaling and proper techniques,scientists can reproduce multi-scale physical processes of stratified fluids in the rotation system,which allows for the simulation of essential characteristics of fluid motions in the atmosphere and oceans.In this review,rotating tanks of various scales in the world are introduced,as these tanks have been actively used to explore fundamental scientific questions in ocean and atmosphere dynamics.To illustrate the GFD experiments,three representative cases are presented to demonstrate the frontier achievements in the the GFD study by using rotating tank experiments:mesoscale eddies in the ocean,convection processes,and plume dynamics.Detailed references for the experimental procedures are provided.Future studies are encouraged to further explore the utilization of rotating tanks with improvements in experimental design and integration of other research methods.This is a promising direction of GFD to help enhance our understanding of the complex nature of fluid motions in the natural world and to address the challenges posed by global environmental changes.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract nos.42250710152,42192562,and 41906008the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)-funded project under contract SML2020SP007.
文摘Oceanic mesoscale eddies typically span tens to hundreds of kilometers and last several weeks to months.They are a key dynamic process influencing the distribution of oceanic energy,affecting energy budgets,heat distributions,and material transport.Advances in satellite remote sensing and in situ observation over the past half-century have substantially enhanced our understanding of the statistical properties,energetics,and dynamic mechanisms of mesoscale eddies,establishing this field as a major focus in physical oceanography.This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in 6 key areas of mesoscale eddy research:(a)eddy detection methods and data products(leading automated detection methods and the corresponding eddy datasets and data products currently available),(b)eddy generation and dissipation(eddy generation,development,and dissipation mechanisms),(c)energy cascades(energy cascades between eddies,large-scale circulation and submesoscale processes,the role of these processes in modulating the energy transfer of near-inertial internal and surface waves,and research progress in related parameterization),(d)air-sea interaction(eddy-induced interactions,especially the interaction between eddies and typhoons),(e)interdisciplinary studies(impacts of eddies on biogeochemistry,acoustics,and other related fields),and(f)observation studies(programs dedicated to studying mesoscale eddies through in situ observation).This article also discusses research prospects on mesoscale eddies.
