Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm developm...Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm development is characterized by starch accumulation.Previous research has shown that phytohormones(especially gibberellin(GA))are involved in tuber development.However,the relationship between abscisic acid(ABA)/GA and starch during corm development remains unclear.To gain deeper insights into the biological process of corm development,we performed a detailed anatomical characterization of different stages of corm development and analyzed phytohormone levels.Our study showed that corm development is linked to hormones(ABA and GA)and carbohydrates(sucrose and starch).Exogenous hormone treatment and silencing of endogenous hormone biosynthesis genes indicated that ABA positively regulates corm development,while GA acts as an antagonist of ABA function.A sucrose synthase gene(GhSUS2)was shown to be involved in the antagonism between ABA and GA.GhSUS2 was upregulated by ABA and downregulated by GA.The increase in the transcript level of GhSUS2 coincided with the development of corm/cormels.Silencing of GhSUS2 repressed corm development and starch accumulation.In conclusion,we propose that GhSUS2,an essential enzyme in sucrose degradation,is differentially regulated by ABA and GA and controls corm development in Gladiolus.展开更多
Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophyt...Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant 6212012 to J.W.)National Natural Science Foundation projects(grant 31701952 to J.W.)+1 种基金Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)111 Project of the Ministry of Education(B17043)。
文摘Understanding corm development in flower bulbs is of importance for securing the quality of cut flowers and propagation of commercial stocks.Gladiolus is one of the most popular bulb plants worldwide.Its corm development is characterized by starch accumulation.Previous research has shown that phytohormones(especially gibberellin(GA))are involved in tuber development.However,the relationship between abscisic acid(ABA)/GA and starch during corm development remains unclear.To gain deeper insights into the biological process of corm development,we performed a detailed anatomical characterization of different stages of corm development and analyzed phytohormone levels.Our study showed that corm development is linked to hormones(ABA and GA)and carbohydrates(sucrose and starch).Exogenous hormone treatment and silencing of endogenous hormone biosynthesis genes indicated that ABA positively regulates corm development,while GA acts as an antagonist of ABA function.A sucrose synthase gene(GhSUS2)was shown to be involved in the antagonism between ABA and GA.GhSUS2 was upregulated by ABA and downregulated by GA.The increase in the transcript level of GhSUS2 coincided with the development of corm/cormels.Silencing of GhSUS2 repressed corm development and starch accumulation.In conclusion,we propose that GhSUS2,an essential enzyme in sucrose degradation,is differentially regulated by ABA and GA and controls corm development in Gladiolus.
基金funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6212012 to J.W.)National Natural Science Foundation projects(grants 3217180532+3 种基金31701952 to J.W.and 31902047 to J.J.S.)Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(CEFF-PXM 2019_014207_000032)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085MC79 to J.J.S.)The 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University and 111 Project of the Ministry of Education(B17043).
文摘Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.
