MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 exp...MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells(NSCs)and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration(MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, speci?c overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These ?ndings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction,probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.展开更多
Knowledge of the interactive effects of water and nitrogen(N)on physio-chemical traits of maize(Zea mays L.)helps to optimize water and N management and improve productivity.A split-plot experiment was conducted with ...Knowledge of the interactive effects of water and nitrogen(N)on physio-chemical traits of maize(Zea mays L.)helps to optimize water and N management and improve productivity.A split-plot experiment was conducted with three soil water conditions(severe drought,moderate drought,and fully water supply referring to 45%-55%,65%-75%,and 85%-95%field capacity,respectively)and four N application rates(N0,N150,N240,and N330 referring to 0,150,240,330 kg N ha^(-1)respectively)under drip fertigation in 2014 and 2015 in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.The results indicated that drought stress inhibited physiological activity of plants(leaf relative water content,root bleeding sap,and net photosynthetic rate),resulting in low dry matter accumulation after silking,yield,and N uptake,whereas increased WUE and NUE.N application rates over than 150 kg ha^(-1)aggravated the inhibition of physiological activity under severe drought condition,while it was offset under moderate drought condition.High N application rates(N330)still revealed negative effects under moderate drought condition,as it did not consistently enhance plant physiological activity and significantly reduced N uptake as compared to the N240 treatment.With fully water supply,increasing N application rates synergistically enhanced physiological activity,promoted dry matter accumulation after silking,and increased yield,WUE,and N uptake.Although the N240 treatment reduced yield by 5.4%in average,it saved 27.3%N under full water supply condition as compared with N330 treatment.The results indicated that N regulated growth of maize in aspects of physiological traits,dry matter accumulation,and yield as well as water and N use was depended on soil water status.The appropriate N application rates for maize production was 150 kg ha^(-1)under moderate drought or 240 kg ha^(-1)under fully water supply under drip fertigation,and high N supply(>150 kg ha^(-1))should be avoided under severe drought condition.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the exper...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.展开更多
Optimizing building energy systems based on real-time occupant behavior and feedback can lead to improved energy efficiency and enhanced thermal comfort in buildings.Traditional thermal comfort surveys do not provide ...Optimizing building energy systems based on real-time occupant behavior and feedback can lead to improved energy efficiency and enhanced thermal comfort in buildings.Traditional thermal comfort surveys do not provide real-time insights,while conventional sensors,such as thermal sensors,are limited in their ability to capture continuous,detailed occupancy data.Meanwhile,deep learning and computer vision have emerged as promising approaches for real-time occupancy behavior detection,but existing artificial intelligence(AI)models suffer from low frame rates and high computational demands,which can lead to increased energy consumption for processing,potentially offsetting the energy savings achieved through occupant-responsive control.Thus,this study developed a novel occupant thermal adaptation behavior recognition model that balances accuracy,real-time performance and computational resource usage to enable effective operation indoors.Using a multi-camera setup with Raspberry Pi 3B+,a custom dataset comprising 400 video samples was collected from four different angles.The dataset captures four distinct human activities:dressing,undressing,sitting,and standing.Compared to SlowFast(SF)and Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks(ST-GCN),which are widely used deep learning architectures for action recognition,the proposed novel lightweight skeletal temporal model achieved good accuracy(0.975 accuracy)on the Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan(KTH)dataset while significantly outperforming them in detection speed and resource efficiency.It reached 31.38 FPS by running on the graphics processing unit(GPU)—over three times faster than ST-GCN with OpenPose and more than twelve times faster than SF with You Only Look Once Version X(YOLOX)—while maintaining low central processing unit(CPU)and GPU usage at 13.71%and 33.05%,respectively.By running it on the CPU,it achieved 25.3 FPS with 56.10%CPU usage,proving its practicality for platforms without GPU support.When evaluated on the custom dataset,we introduced a double long short-term memory(LSTM)with an attention mechanism to better handle the increased action complexity,preserving a high accuracy of 0.963.Although the frame rate experienced a slight reduction compared to the results on the KTH dataset—dropping from 31.38 to 30.95 FPS on GPU and from 25.3 to 18.98 FPS on CPU—the model exhibited lower CPU and GPU usage,highlighting its potential for energy-efficient deployment in smart building applications.The model was further deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano,enabling stable long-term operation and supporting simultaneous multi-person recognition.Overall,this study presents a practical,AI-driven solution for occupant thermal adaptation behavior recognition,effectively balancing accuracy,real-time performance,and computational efficiency—making it well suited for energy-saving applications in buildings that adapt dynamically to occupant behavior.展开更多
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application an...Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application and its potential association with the EV-A71 epidemic in the population are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of EV-A71 infection and seroepidemiology in Guangzhou City, China. From 2019 to 2021, 167,920 clinically confirmed HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou. In 6,868 enterovirus-positive samples, Coxsackievirus A6 and Coxsackievirus A16 were dominant genotypes, and only 3 EV-A71-positive samples were detected, highlighting the deficient epidemic activity of EV-A71. Microneutralization assay was performed on 1,000 representative serum samples. Notably, the seroprevalence and geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased significantly in 2020, and that in the < 3-year age group were increased and even higher than that in 3–5-year age group in 2019 and 2021, which was contrary to our previous surveillance result and other studies in Guangzhou. Furthermore, a moderate decline of GMT level was observed following the vaccination, but the seropositive serums were still detected for 49 months after second immunization, suggesting the long-term persistence of the immunity. Our seroepidemiology study revealed relatively higher neutralizing antibody activity in the susceptible population after the EV-A71 vaccine was adopted in 2016 in Guangzhou. It may be one of the reasons for the lower epidemic activity of EV-A71 in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2021.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation(81471353 and 81771433)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(2015CB553500)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81521063)
文摘MicroRNA-132(miR-132), a small RNA that regulates gene expression, is known to promote neurogenesis in the embryonic nervous system and adult brain.Although exposure to psychoactive substances can increase miR-132 expression in cultured neural stem cells(NSCs)and the adult brain of rodents, little is known about its role in opioid addiction. So, we set out to determine the effect of miR-132 on differentiation of the NSCs and whether this effect is involved in opioid addiction using the rat morphine self-administration(MSA) model. We found that miR-132 overexpression enhanced the differentiation of NSCs in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, speci?c overexpression of miR-132 in NSCs of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG) during the acquisition stage of MSA potentiated morphine-seeking behavior. These ?ndings indicate that miR-132 is involved in opioid addiction,probably by promoting the differentiation of NSCs in the adult DG.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0301106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31871553 and 31601258).
文摘Knowledge of the interactive effects of water and nitrogen(N)on physio-chemical traits of maize(Zea mays L.)helps to optimize water and N management and improve productivity.A split-plot experiment was conducted with three soil water conditions(severe drought,moderate drought,and fully water supply referring to 45%-55%,65%-75%,and 85%-95%field capacity,respectively)and four N application rates(N0,N150,N240,and N330 referring to 0,150,240,330 kg N ha^(-1)respectively)under drip fertigation in 2014 and 2015 in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.The results indicated that drought stress inhibited physiological activity of plants(leaf relative water content,root bleeding sap,and net photosynthetic rate),resulting in low dry matter accumulation after silking,yield,and N uptake,whereas increased WUE and NUE.N application rates over than 150 kg ha^(-1)aggravated the inhibition of physiological activity under severe drought condition,while it was offset under moderate drought condition.High N application rates(N330)still revealed negative effects under moderate drought condition,as it did not consistently enhance plant physiological activity and significantly reduced N uptake as compared to the N240 treatment.With fully water supply,increasing N application rates synergistically enhanced physiological activity,promoted dry matter accumulation after silking,and increased yield,WUE,and N uptake.Although the N240 treatment reduced yield by 5.4%in average,it saved 27.3%N under full water supply condition as compared with N330 treatment.The results indicated that N regulated growth of maize in aspects of physiological traits,dry matter accumulation,and yield as well as water and N use was depended on soil water status.The appropriate N application rates for maize production was 150 kg ha^(-1)under moderate drought or 240 kg ha^(-1)under fully water supply under drip fertigation,and high N supply(>150 kg ha^(-1))should be avoided under severe drought condition.
基金Supported by Shangqiu Science and Technology Research Project(202405).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore a functional organic material formula suitable for watermelon cultivation with high quality,high yield and high efficiency.[Methods]Four treatments were set in the experiment,namely four functional organic materials,garlic straw treatment(T_(1)),onion straw treatment(T_(2)),garlic straw+sheep manure treatment(T_(3))and onion straw+chicken manure treatment(T_(4)),to investigate the effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon.[Results]The effects of different functional organic materials on fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were quite different.The fresh weight,quality,single-melon weight and SPAD value of watermelon were higher in treatment T_(3)applying garlic straw and sheep manure and treatment T_(4)applying onion straw and chicken manure than in treatment T_(1)applying garlic straw and treatment T_(2)applying onion straw.Specifically,the fresh weight of whole plant was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 12.83%and 5.94%respectively compared with treatment T_(1);the weight of single melon was the highest in treatment T_(3),followed by treatment T_(4),and the values of the two treatments increased by 42.45%and 31.77%respectively compared with treatment T_(2);and the SPAD values of treatments T_(3)and T_(4)were significantly higher than those of treatments T_(1)and T_(2),and the value of treatment T_(3)was the largest.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of fertilization techniques combining organic fertilizers and reduced chemical fertilizers for watermelon.
文摘Optimizing building energy systems based on real-time occupant behavior and feedback can lead to improved energy efficiency and enhanced thermal comfort in buildings.Traditional thermal comfort surveys do not provide real-time insights,while conventional sensors,such as thermal sensors,are limited in their ability to capture continuous,detailed occupancy data.Meanwhile,deep learning and computer vision have emerged as promising approaches for real-time occupancy behavior detection,but existing artificial intelligence(AI)models suffer from low frame rates and high computational demands,which can lead to increased energy consumption for processing,potentially offsetting the energy savings achieved through occupant-responsive control.Thus,this study developed a novel occupant thermal adaptation behavior recognition model that balances accuracy,real-time performance and computational resource usage to enable effective operation indoors.Using a multi-camera setup with Raspberry Pi 3B+,a custom dataset comprising 400 video samples was collected from four different angles.The dataset captures four distinct human activities:dressing,undressing,sitting,and standing.Compared to SlowFast(SF)and Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks(ST-GCN),which are widely used deep learning architectures for action recognition,the proposed novel lightweight skeletal temporal model achieved good accuracy(0.975 accuracy)on the Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan(KTH)dataset while significantly outperforming them in detection speed and resource efficiency.It reached 31.38 FPS by running on the graphics processing unit(GPU)—over three times faster than ST-GCN with OpenPose and more than twelve times faster than SF with You Only Look Once Version X(YOLOX)—while maintaining low central processing unit(CPU)and GPU usage at 13.71%and 33.05%,respectively.By running it on the CPU,it achieved 25.3 FPS with 56.10%CPU usage,proving its practicality for platforms without GPU support.When evaluated on the custom dataset,we introduced a double long short-term memory(LSTM)with an attention mechanism to better handle the increased action complexity,preserving a high accuracy of 0.963.Although the frame rate experienced a slight reduction compared to the results on the KTH dataset—dropping from 31.38 to 30.95 FPS on GPU and from 25.3 to 18.98 FPS on CPU—the model exhibited lower CPU and GPU usage,highlighting its potential for energy-efficient deployment in smart building applications.The model was further deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano,enabling stable long-term operation and supporting simultaneous multi-person recognition.Overall,this study presents a practical,AI-driven solution for occupant thermal adaptation behavior recognition,effectively balancing accuracy,real-time performance,and computational efficiency—making it well suited for energy-saving applications in buildings that adapt dynamically to occupant behavior.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technol-0gy Planning Project(202002030099)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515011927).
文摘Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) etiology. The inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were approved in China in 2016. However, the seroprevalence of EV-A71 after the vaccine application and its potential association with the EV-A71 epidemic in the population are rarely studied. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of EV-A71 infection and seroepidemiology in Guangzhou City, China. From 2019 to 2021, 167,920 clinically confirmed HFMD cases were reported in Guangzhou. In 6,868 enterovirus-positive samples, Coxsackievirus A6 and Coxsackievirus A16 were dominant genotypes, and only 3 EV-A71-positive samples were detected, highlighting the deficient epidemic activity of EV-A71. Microneutralization assay was performed on 1,000 representative serum samples. Notably, the seroprevalence and geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased significantly in 2020, and that in the < 3-year age group were increased and even higher than that in 3–5-year age group in 2019 and 2021, which was contrary to our previous surveillance result and other studies in Guangzhou. Furthermore, a moderate decline of GMT level was observed following the vaccination, but the seropositive serums were still detected for 49 months after second immunization, suggesting the long-term persistence of the immunity. Our seroepidemiology study revealed relatively higher neutralizing antibody activity in the susceptible population after the EV-A71 vaccine was adopted in 2016 in Guangzhou. It may be one of the reasons for the lower epidemic activity of EV-A71 in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2021.
