In order to obtain high-quality spherical RDX crystal particles,the RDX crystals were suspended in a mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and cyclohexane,subsequently a solvent etching study was carried out under the action...In order to obtain high-quality spherical RDX crystal particles,the RDX crystals were suspended in a mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and cyclohexane,subsequently a solvent etching study was carried out under the action of vibration/acoustic flow coupled flow field,which generated by resonance acoustic mixing.The effects of solvent ratio,temperature,acceleration and experiment time on morphology as well as particle size of RDX crystals were studied.Not only were the morphology,particle size distribution and crystal form of RDX crystals determined,but also the thermal decomposition performance and mechanical sensitivity of spherical RDX were examined and discussed.Results indicated that under the process of solvent/non-solvent volume ratio at 1:2,temperature of 40℃,acceleration of 40 g and experiment time of 4 h,α-type RDX crystal with sphericity of 0.92 can be obtained.Furthermore,the median particle size(D_(50))of spherical RDX crystals is 215.8 μm with a unimodal particle size distribution(size span 1.34).For one thing,the thermal decomposition peak temperature of spherical RDX is about 2.5℃ higher than that of raw RDX,and apparent activation energy reaches 444.68 kJ/mol.For another thing,impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of spherical RDX are 18.18% and 33.33% lower than that of raw RDX,respectively.It demonstrates that safety of spherical RDX under thermal,impact and friction stimuli has been improved.展开更多
Accurate and rapid recognition of weathering degree(WD)and groundwater condition(GC)is essential for evaluating rock mass quality and conducting stability analyses in underground engineering.Conventional WD and GC rec...Accurate and rapid recognition of weathering degree(WD)and groundwater condition(GC)is essential for evaluating rock mass quality and conducting stability analyses in underground engineering.Conventional WD and GC recognition methods often rely on subjective evaluation by field experts,supplemented by field sampling and laboratory testing.These methods are frequently complex and timeconsuming,making it challenging to meet the rapidly evolving demands of underground engineering.Therefore,this study proposes a rock non-geometric parameter classification network(RNPC-net)to rapidly achieve the recognition and mapping ofWD and GC of tunnel faces.The hybrid feature extraction module(HFEM)in RNPC-net can fully extract,fuse,and utilize multi-scale features of images,enhancing the network's classification performance.Moreover,the designed adaptive weighting auxiliary classifier(AC)helps the network learn features more efficiently.Experimental results show that RNPC-net achieved classification accuracies of 0.8756 and 0.8710 for WD and GC,respectively,representing an improvement of approximately 2%e10%compared to other methods.Both quantitative and qualitative experiments confirm the effectiveness and superiority of RNPC-net.Furthermore,for WD and GC mapping,RNPC-net outperformed other methods by achieving the highest mean intersection over union(mIOU)across most tunnel faces.The mapping results closely align with measurements provided by field experts.The application of WD and GC mapping results to the rock mass rating(RMR)system achieved a transition from conventional qualitative to quantitative evaluation.This advancement enables more accurate and reliable rock mass quality evaluations,particularly under critical conditions of RMR.展开更多
Macrophages are highly plastic cells that differentially regulate multiple pathological conditions,including cancer and autoimmune diseases.In response to various stimuli,macrophages activate different intrinsic signa...Macrophages are highly plastic cells that differentially regulate multiple pathological conditions,including cancer and autoimmune diseases.In response to various stimuli,macrophages activate different intrinsic signaling pathways and polarize into distinct macrophage subsets.We aimed to identify key new effectors that could control macrophage polarization and impact the development of cancer or colitis.Following treatment with the supernatants of tumor cells,macrophages showed an upregulation in Fbxo38 expression.Subsequently,we further identified that FBXO38 promotes macrophage immunosuppressive function by upregulating the expression of M2-like genes via MAPK and IRF4 signaling without affecting M1-like macrophage polarization.Deletion of Fbxo38 in macrophages was found to block tumor development and protect against DSS-induced colitis.Considering the distinct regulation of tumor development by FBXO38 in T cells and macrophages,we suggest that a comprehensive understanding of FBXO38 function in different cell types is critical for its further translational usage.展开更多
This paper proposes an evolutionary game-theoretic model of massive distributed renewable energy deployment in order to shed light on the self-organization sustainable developments of renewable energies in distributio...This paper proposes an evolutionary game-theoretic model of massive distributed renewable energy deployment in order to shed light on the self-organization sustainable developments of renewable energies in distribution networks towards low-carbon targets. Since neighboring buses can interact in terms of energy exchanges, the return matrices of individual buses in the evolutionary game are established based on profiles of loads and renewable energy generation. More specifically, an evolutionary strategy is proposed based on the return matrices for individual buses to determine whether or not to deploy renewable energies in the next round of the game. Then, a dynamic model is derived for analyzing the renewable energy penetration rate in the distribution network throughout the multi-round evolutionary game. In theory, this model can reveal the self-organization process of renewable energy deployment in the distribution network. With this model, the distribution network operator would be aided in designing the incentives for buses deploying renewable energies toward a pre-defined low-carbon target. Numerical results on an actual 141-bus system and a synthetic 2000-bus system have demonstrated the validity and efficiency of the proposed model.展开更多
This is a report of the emittance and brightness measurement of an electron beam produced in a pseudospark discharge device driven by a pulse line accelerator. A ten_gap pseudospark device was operated at 200 kV, in a...This is a report of the emittance and brightness measurement of an electron beam produced in a pseudospark discharge device driven by a pulse line accelerator. A ten_gap pseudospark device was operated at 200 kV, in a nitrogen gas fill pressure of 15 Pa. The typical value of emittance was measured to be 47 mm·mrad about 5 cm downstream of the anode plane. The dependence of the beam current, HWHM emittance, the normalized emittance, and the normalized brightness on the axial distance from the anode were obtained. The highest brightness is about 2.7×10 12 A/(mrad)\+2 near the anode, and is still higher than 10 10 A/(mrad)\+2, 160 mm downstream of the anode. Such a high quality electron beam can be used for Raman free electron laser, X ray laser producing, and high power microwave.展开更多
文摘In order to obtain high-quality spherical RDX crystal particles,the RDX crystals were suspended in a mixed solvent of cyclohexanone and cyclohexane,subsequently a solvent etching study was carried out under the action of vibration/acoustic flow coupled flow field,which generated by resonance acoustic mixing.The effects of solvent ratio,temperature,acceleration and experiment time on morphology as well as particle size of RDX crystals were studied.Not only were the morphology,particle size distribution and crystal form of RDX crystals determined,but also the thermal decomposition performance and mechanical sensitivity of spherical RDX were examined and discussed.Results indicated that under the process of solvent/non-solvent volume ratio at 1:2,temperature of 40℃,acceleration of 40 g and experiment time of 4 h,α-type RDX crystal with sphericity of 0.92 can be obtained.Furthermore,the median particle size(D_(50))of spherical RDX crystals is 215.8 μm with a unimodal particle size distribution(size span 1.34).For one thing,the thermal decomposition peak temperature of spherical RDX is about 2.5℃ higher than that of raw RDX,and apparent activation energy reaches 444.68 kJ/mol.For another thing,impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of spherical RDX are 18.18% and 33.33% lower than that of raw RDX,respectively.It demonstrates that safety of spherical RDX under thermal,impact and friction stimuli has been improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42077242 and 42171407)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University.
文摘Accurate and rapid recognition of weathering degree(WD)and groundwater condition(GC)is essential for evaluating rock mass quality and conducting stability analyses in underground engineering.Conventional WD and GC recognition methods often rely on subjective evaluation by field experts,supplemented by field sampling and laboratory testing.These methods are frequently complex and timeconsuming,making it challenging to meet the rapidly evolving demands of underground engineering.Therefore,this study proposes a rock non-geometric parameter classification network(RNPC-net)to rapidly achieve the recognition and mapping ofWD and GC of tunnel faces.The hybrid feature extraction module(HFEM)in RNPC-net can fully extract,fuse,and utilize multi-scale features of images,enhancing the network's classification performance.Moreover,the designed adaptive weighting auxiliary classifier(AC)helps the network learn features more efficiently.Experimental results show that RNPC-net achieved classification accuracies of 0.8756 and 0.8710 for WD and GC,respectively,representing an improvement of approximately 2%e10%compared to other methods.Both quantitative and qualitative experiments confirm the effectiveness and superiority of RNPC-net.Furthermore,for WD and GC mapping,RNPC-net outperformed other methods by achieving the highest mean intersection over union(mIOU)across most tunnel faces.The mapping results closely align with measurements provided by field experts.The application of WD and GC mapping results to the rock mass rating(RMR)system achieved a transition from conventional qualitative to quantitative evaluation.This advancement enables more accurate and reliable rock mass quality evaluations,particularly under critical conditions of RMR.
基金We thank Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81825011,32221002,81930038 and 82303154)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0800702)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1403001,HS2021SHZX001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723141).
文摘Macrophages are highly plastic cells that differentially regulate multiple pathological conditions,including cancer and autoimmune diseases.In response to various stimuli,macrophages activate different intrinsic signaling pathways and polarize into distinct macrophage subsets.We aimed to identify key new effectors that could control macrophage polarization and impact the development of cancer or colitis.Following treatment with the supernatants of tumor cells,macrophages showed an upregulation in Fbxo38 expression.Subsequently,we further identified that FBXO38 promotes macrophage immunosuppressive function by upregulating the expression of M2-like genes via MAPK and IRF4 signaling without affecting M1-like macrophage polarization.Deletion of Fbxo38 in macrophages was found to block tumor development and protect against DSS-induced colitis.Considering the distinct regulation of tumor development by FBXO38 in T cells and macrophages,we suggest that a comprehensive understanding of FBXO38 function in different cell types is critical for its further translational usage.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52007164)Smart Gird Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China and State Grid Corporation of China (No. U2066601)。
文摘This paper proposes an evolutionary game-theoretic model of massive distributed renewable energy deployment in order to shed light on the self-organization sustainable developments of renewable energies in distribution networks towards low-carbon targets. Since neighboring buses can interact in terms of energy exchanges, the return matrices of individual buses in the evolutionary game are established based on profiles of loads and renewable energy generation. More specifically, an evolutionary strategy is proposed based on the return matrices for individual buses to determine whether or not to deploy renewable energies in the next round of the game. Then, a dynamic model is derived for analyzing the renewable energy penetration rate in the distribution network throughout the multi-round evolutionary game. In theory, this model can reveal the self-organization process of renewable energy deployment in the distribution network. With this model, the distribution network operator would be aided in designing the incentives for buses deploying renewable energies toward a pre-defined low-carbon target. Numerical results on an actual 141-bus system and a synthetic 2000-bus system have demonstrated the validity and efficiency of the proposed model.
文摘This is a report of the emittance and brightness measurement of an electron beam produced in a pseudospark discharge device driven by a pulse line accelerator. A ten_gap pseudospark device was operated at 200 kV, in a nitrogen gas fill pressure of 15 Pa. The typical value of emittance was measured to be 47 mm·mrad about 5 cm downstream of the anode plane. The dependence of the beam current, HWHM emittance, the normalized emittance, and the normalized brightness on the axial distance from the anode were obtained. The highest brightness is about 2.7×10 12 A/(mrad)\+2 near the anode, and is still higher than 10 10 A/(mrad)\+2, 160 mm downstream of the anode. Such a high quality electron beam can be used for Raman free electron laser, X ray laser producing, and high power microwave.
