Stroke results from a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain,causing ischemia,hypoxia,and subsequent brain tissue damage.It is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major contributor to disabilit...Stroke results from a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain,causing ischemia,hypoxia,and subsequent brain tissue damage.It is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major contributor to disability.Despite significant advancements in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion strategies,patients remain vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury,with neuroinflammation playing a central role.Evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory responses persist throughout the entire course of ischemic stroke.This review explores the diverse immune cell types and mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation,highlighting their neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects.Additionally,it examines various therapeutic approaches targeting neuroinflammation,offering a comprehensive reference for related research efforts.展开更多
Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a clinical syndrome that is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease(ESRD).The pathogenesis of DKD is complex and multifaceted,with most studies indicating its association with...Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a clinical syndrome that is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease(ESRD).The pathogenesis of DKD is complex and multifaceted,with most studies indicating its association with genetics,advanced glycosylation end-product deposition,polyol pathway and protein C activation,lipid metabolism abnormalities,microcirculatory dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammatory factors,and the kallikrein-kinin system.Epigenetics is the science studying gene expression regulation without changes in the DNA sequence.In recent years,increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of DKD.For instance,epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and non-coding RNAs can influence the expression of DKD-related genes,thereby regulating the development and progression of DKD.On the other hand,metabolic memory is an important concept in DKD research.Metabolic memory refers to the phenomenon where cells maintain a certain metabolic state even after the disappearance of metabolic stress factors.This state can influence cell function and fate.In DKD,metabolic stress factors such as hyperglycemia can lead to metabolic memory in renal cells,affecting their function and fate,ultimately leading to the development and progression of DKD.Therefore,to further explore the pathogenesis of DKD,research on epigenetics should be strengthened,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of DKD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of Foundation of Hebei Province China(H2024110042).
文摘Stroke results from a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain,causing ischemia,hypoxia,and subsequent brain tissue damage.It is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major contributor to disability.Despite significant advancements in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion strategies,patients remain vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury,with neuroinflammation playing a central role.Evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory responses persist throughout the entire course of ischemic stroke.This review explores the diverse immune cell types and mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation,highlighting their neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects.Additionally,it examines various therapeutic approaches targeting neuroinflammation,offering a comprehensive reference for related research efforts.
文摘Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a clinical syndrome that is one of the major causes of end-stage renal disease(ESRD).The pathogenesis of DKD is complex and multifaceted,with most studies indicating its association with genetics,advanced glycosylation end-product deposition,polyol pathway and protein C activation,lipid metabolism abnormalities,microcirculatory dysfunction,oxidative stress,inflammatory factors,and the kallikrein-kinin system.Epigenetics is the science studying gene expression regulation without changes in the DNA sequence.In recent years,increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of DKD.For instance,epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and non-coding RNAs can influence the expression of DKD-related genes,thereby regulating the development and progression of DKD.On the other hand,metabolic memory is an important concept in DKD research.Metabolic memory refers to the phenomenon where cells maintain a certain metabolic state even after the disappearance of metabolic stress factors.This state can influence cell function and fate.In DKD,metabolic stress factors such as hyperglycemia can lead to metabolic memory in renal cells,affecting their function and fate,ultimately leading to the development and progression of DKD.Therefore,to further explore the pathogenesis of DKD,research on epigenetics should be strengthened,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of DKD.
