Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is desig...Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 200 keV.The imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 s.An engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of design.In this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.展开更多
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,was successfully launc...The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,was successfully launched on 2015 Dec.17 from Jiuquan launch center.One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons.The neutron detector,one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE,is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower.In this paper,a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented,including the design,calibration and performance.The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector,which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.展开更多
In the last decade,substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial host responses to viral infections.Herpes-viral infections can provoke an inflammatory cytokine r...In the last decade,substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial host responses to viral infections.Herpes-viral infections can provoke an inflammatory cytokine response,however,the innate pathogen-sensing mechanisms that transduce the signal for this response are poorly understood.In recent years,it has become increasingly evident that the Toll-like receptors(TLRs),which are germline-encoded pattern recognition re-ceptors(PRRs),function as potent sensors for infection.TLRs can induce the activation of the innate immunity by recruiting specific intracellular adaptor proteins to initiate signaling pathways,which then culminating in activation of the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and interferon-regulatory factors(IRFs)that control the transcription of genes encoding type I interferon(IFN I)and other inflammatory cytokines.Furthermore,activa-tion of innate immunity is critical for mounting adaptive immune responses.In parallel,common mechanisms used by viruses to counteract TLR-mediated responses or to actively subvert these pathways that block recog-nition and signaling through TLRs for their own benefit are emerging.Recent findings have demonstrated that TLR2 plays a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory process,and surprisingly that the response TLR2 trig-gers might be overzealous in its attempt to counter the attack by the virus.In this review,we summarize and discuss the recent advances about the specific role of TLR2 in triggering inflammatory responses in herpes-virus infection and the consequences of the alarms raised in the host that they are assigned to protect.展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15320104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11427803, 11622327, 11703079, 11803093 and 11820101002)
文摘Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar Observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community.HXI is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 200 keV.The imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 s.An engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of design.In this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0400201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11622327,11273070,11673075,U1738205,U1738121,U1738207,U1531126,11873021,11773085 and 11873020)Space Science Mission Concept Research of Strategic Priority Research Program in Space Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA15007114)。
文摘The DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,was successfully launched on 2015 Dec.17 from Jiuquan launch center.One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons.The neutron detector,one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE,is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower.In this paper,a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented,including the design,calibration and performance.The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector,which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(Nos.2010CB530105 and 2011CB504802)the Start-up Fund of the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.20071010-141)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30870120).
文摘In the last decade,substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial host responses to viral infections.Herpes-viral infections can provoke an inflammatory cytokine response,however,the innate pathogen-sensing mechanisms that transduce the signal for this response are poorly understood.In recent years,it has become increasingly evident that the Toll-like receptors(TLRs),which are germline-encoded pattern recognition re-ceptors(PRRs),function as potent sensors for infection.TLRs can induce the activation of the innate immunity by recruiting specific intracellular adaptor proteins to initiate signaling pathways,which then culminating in activation of the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)and interferon-regulatory factors(IRFs)that control the transcription of genes encoding type I interferon(IFN I)and other inflammatory cytokines.Furthermore,activa-tion of innate immunity is critical for mounting adaptive immune responses.In parallel,common mechanisms used by viruses to counteract TLR-mediated responses or to actively subvert these pathways that block recog-nition and signaling through TLRs for their own benefit are emerging.Recent findings have demonstrated that TLR2 plays a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory process,and surprisingly that the response TLR2 trig-gers might be overzealous in its attempt to counter the attack by the virus.In this review,we summarize and discuss the recent advances about the specific role of TLR2 in triggering inflammatory responses in herpes-virus infection and the consequences of the alarms raised in the host that they are assigned to protect.
