With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity ...With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity and operational stability.Based on real-time field data and gas-liquid physicochemical analyses,this study elucidates the mechanisms governing liquid loading formation under varying temperature,pressure,and water saturation conditions.An HYSYS model is employed to determine the water dew point,while the Turner model is used to evaluate the critical conditions for liquid holdup.The results indicate that gas water saturation exerts the dominant influence on liquid loading risk,followed by pressure,whereas temperature plays a comparatively minor role.When water saturation exceeds 2%and the operating temperature falls below the dew point,condensation-driven liquid loading increases sharply.To further characterize the spatial distribution of liquid accumulation,a steady-state OLGA model of a DN100 gathering pipeline network is developed to examine the effects of pipe diameter,water saturation,and soil temperature.The simulations show that larger pipe diameters and higher water saturation significantly aggravate liquid holdup,while elevated soil temperature mitigates liquid accumulation.Moreover,the liquid holdup ratio is found to correlate closely with flow regime transitions,confirming its suitability as a key indicator of liquid loading risk.Based on these findings,optimization strategies for pipeline design and operation are proposed.To mitigate liquid loading,the gathering pipeline velocity should be maintained above the critical value of 1.63 m/s,and the gas water content should be strictly controlled below 2%.Under operating conditions representative of the Hancheng block,it is recommended to reduce the pipeline diameter from DN130 to DN100 to enhance self-cleaning capacity.In addition,thermal insulation should be applied during winter operation to maintain the pipe wall temperature above 10◦C,thereby suppressing condensation-induced liquid accumulation.展开更多
NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural ...NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural collapse,and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling.Herein,K+and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalated NVO(KNVO-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized for the first time to achieve high-rate,stable,and wide-temperature cathodes.Molecular dynamics and experimental results confirm that there is an optimal C_(3)N_(4)content to achieve higher reaction kinetics.The synergistic effect of K^(+)and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalation significantly reduces the electrostatic interaction between Zn^(2+)and the[VOn]layer,improves the specific capacity and cycling stability.Consequently,the KNVO-C_(3)N_(4)electrode displays outstanding electrochemical performance at room temperature and under extreme environments.It exhibits excellent rate performance(228.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),long-term cycling stability(174.2 m Ah g^(-1) after 10,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1)),and power/energy density(210.0 Wh kg^(-1)at 14,200 W kg^(-1))at room temperature.Notably,it shows remarkable storage performance at-20℃(111.3 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1))and 60℃(208.6 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)).This strategy offers a novel approach to developing high-performance cathodes capable of operating under extreme temperatures.展开更多
Guggulsterone(GS)is a bioactive compound primarily extracted from the oleo-gum resin of plants in the Commiphora and Boswellia genera.Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that GS possesses a broad spectrum...Guggulsterone(GS)is a bioactive compound primarily extracted from the oleo-gum resin of plants in the Commiphora and Boswellia genera.Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that GS possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities,with notable therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes mellitus,and various cancers.In this review,we systematically analyzed relevant literature published up to 2024 from the CNKI,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and PubMed databases to summarize the current understanding of GS's pharmacological effects,toxicity profile,and pharmacokinetic properties.The findings indicate that GS exerts potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,antiviral,antidepressant,lipid-lowering,and cardiovascular protective effects,primarily through modulation of key signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),Nrf2/Keap1,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),AMPK,phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/activator protein-1(AP-1).Additionally,GS may help overcome limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy by modulating drug resistance via regulation of p-glycoprotein activity.Following hepatic metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes,GS does not appear to cause significant adverse effects.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the sources,pharmacological actions,safety,pharmacokinetics,and potential applications of GS.Future research should focus on structural modification of GS,development of novel formulations,and exploration of synergistic combinations with other therapeutic agents to broaden its clinical utility.展开更多
Diisobutylaluminium hydride （DIBAL-H） promotes secondary rim regioselective bis-de-O-methylation of permethylated β- cyclodextrin （β-CD） to give diol 2. To gain an insight into the mechanism of this remarkable r...Diisobutylaluminium hydride （DIBAL-H） promotes secondary rim regioselective bis-de-O-methylation of permethylated β- cyclodextrin （β-CD） to give diol 2. To gain an insight into the mechanism of this remarkable regioselective behavior, two corresponding permethylated β-CDs with an alcohol function at either 2- or 3-position were synthesized in our previous study. As a step further to this work, the two compounds were subjected to deoxygenation reaction with tributyltin hydride in the present of 2,2＇- azobisisobutyronitrile affording the corresponding 2- and 3-deoxy permethylated β-CD derivatives （19 and 16）. The structures of these two compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. Compounds 16 and 19 were unable to react with DIBAL- H which suggests that O-2A and O-3B are necessary for DIBAL-H promoted bis-de-O-methylation reaction of permethylated β-CD.展开更多
Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer trea...Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to delay tumor development,reduce pain,and prolong patient survival.However,the potential immunotherapeutic effects of these herbal derivatives are limited by their structural instability,poor membrane permeability,and low bioavailability.To address this issue,nanotechnology has been used to enhance the activity of active compounds.Therefore,this review focuses on the effectiveness of the active ingredients of herbal medicines in suppressing tumor progression by modulating both the innate and adaptive immune systems,challenges in their delivery,and the application of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of these herbal components.展开更多
基金supported by PetroChina Coalbed Methane Co.,Ltd.
文摘With the maturation of coalbed methane(CBM)exploitation and the transition into the late stages of dewatering and gas production,liquid loading in gathering pipelines has emerged as a major constraint on productivity and operational stability.Based on real-time field data and gas-liquid physicochemical analyses,this study elucidates the mechanisms governing liquid loading formation under varying temperature,pressure,and water saturation conditions.An HYSYS model is employed to determine the water dew point,while the Turner model is used to evaluate the critical conditions for liquid holdup.The results indicate that gas water saturation exerts the dominant influence on liquid loading risk,followed by pressure,whereas temperature plays a comparatively minor role.When water saturation exceeds 2%and the operating temperature falls below the dew point,condensation-driven liquid loading increases sharply.To further characterize the spatial distribution of liquid accumulation,a steady-state OLGA model of a DN100 gathering pipeline network is developed to examine the effects of pipe diameter,water saturation,and soil temperature.The simulations show that larger pipe diameters and higher water saturation significantly aggravate liquid holdup,while elevated soil temperature mitigates liquid accumulation.Moreover,the liquid holdup ratio is found to correlate closely with flow regime transitions,confirming its suitability as a key indicator of liquid loading risk.Based on these findings,optimization strategies for pipeline design and operation are proposed.To mitigate liquid loading,the gathering pipeline velocity should be maintained above the critical value of 1.63 m/s,and the gas water content should be strictly controlled below 2%.Under operating conditions representative of the Hancheng block,it is recommended to reduce the pipeline diameter from DN130 to DN100 to enhance self-cleaning capacity.In addition,thermal insulation should be applied during winter operation to maintain the pipe wall temperature above 10◦C,thereby suppressing condensation-induced liquid accumulation.
基金the financial support provided by the PolyU Postdoc Matching Fund 1-W34P,ITF project ITP/023/22TP,PolyU RCRE fund 1-BBCB,IWEAR fund 1-CD8E,MTR Research Funding Scheme(PTU24019)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(P0043508 and P0044761)。
文摘NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural collapse,and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling.Herein,K+and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalated NVO(KNVO-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized for the first time to achieve high-rate,stable,and wide-temperature cathodes.Molecular dynamics and experimental results confirm that there is an optimal C_(3)N_(4)content to achieve higher reaction kinetics.The synergistic effect of K^(+)and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalation significantly reduces the electrostatic interaction between Zn^(2+)and the[VOn]layer,improves the specific capacity and cycling stability.Consequently,the KNVO-C_(3)N_(4)electrode displays outstanding electrochemical performance at room temperature and under extreme environments.It exhibits excellent rate performance(228.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),long-term cycling stability(174.2 m Ah g^(-1) after 10,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1)),and power/energy density(210.0 Wh kg^(-1)at 14,200 W kg^(-1))at room temperature.Notably,it shows remarkable storage performance at-20℃(111.3 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1))and 60℃(208.6 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)).This strategy offers a novel approach to developing high-performance cathodes capable of operating under extreme temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873232 and 82074026)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)。
文摘Guggulsterone(GS)is a bioactive compound primarily extracted from the oleo-gum resin of plants in the Commiphora and Boswellia genera.Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that GS possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities,with notable therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders,neurodegenerative conditions,diabetes mellitus,and various cancers.In this review,we systematically analyzed relevant literature published up to 2024 from the CNKI,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and PubMed databases to summarize the current understanding of GS's pharmacological effects,toxicity profile,and pharmacokinetic properties.The findings indicate that GS exerts potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anticancer,antiviral,antidepressant,lipid-lowering,and cardiovascular protective effects,primarily through modulation of key signaling pathways such as the Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),Nrf2/Keap1,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),AMPK,phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/activator protein-1(AP-1).Additionally,GS may help overcome limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy by modulating drug resistance via regulation of p-glycoprotein activity.Following hepatic metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes,GS does not appear to cause significant adverse effects.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the sources,pharmacological actions,safety,pharmacokinetics,and potential applications of GS.Future research should focus on structural modification of GS,development of novel formulations,and exploration of synergistic combinations with other therapeutic agents to broaden its clinical utility.
基金Financial support of this study from CNRS is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Diisobutylaluminium hydride （DIBAL-H） promotes secondary rim regioselective bis-de-O-methylation of permethylated β- cyclodextrin （β-CD） to give diol 2. To gain an insight into the mechanism of this remarkable regioselective behavior, two corresponding permethylated β-CDs with an alcohol function at either 2- or 3-position were synthesized in our previous study. As a step further to this work, the two compounds were subjected to deoxygenation reaction with tributyltin hydride in the present of 2,2＇- azobisisobutyronitrile affording the corresponding 2- and 3-deoxy permethylated β-CD derivatives （19 and 16）. The structures of these two compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS. Compounds 16 and 19 were unable to react with DIBAL- H which suggests that O-2A and O-3B are necessary for DIBAL-H promoted bis-de-O-methylation reaction of permethylated β-CD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260695,82360781)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232ACB206062)+4 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ2400823)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202207)Young Jinggang Scholar of Jiangxi Province(Jing Zhang)and New Century Talents Project of Jiangxi Province(2017082,Xiang Li and 2020028,Jing Zhang)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(CXTD22001 and CXTD22006)Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Zone Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(New Drug Creation Direction)(TQ-20).
文摘Recently,immunotherapy has redefined cancer treatment by promoting the rapid killing of tumor cells through the immune system.Herbal medicines have been increasingly used as adjunct therapies to complement cancer treatment along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to delay tumor development,reduce pain,and prolong patient survival.However,the potential immunotherapeutic effects of these herbal derivatives are limited by their structural instability,poor membrane permeability,and low bioavailability.To address this issue,nanotechnology has been used to enhance the activity of active compounds.Therefore,this review focuses on the effectiveness of the active ingredients of herbal medicines in suppressing tumor progression by modulating both the innate and adaptive immune systems,challenges in their delivery,and the application of nanocarriers for the effective delivery of these herbal components.
