Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 d...Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.展开更多
Lipophilic marine algal toxins(LMATs)are produced by some toxigenic microalgae,which pose a serious threat to marine ecosystem and even human health.The occurrence and environmental control factors of LMATs in the sur...Lipophilic marine algal toxins(LMATs)are produced by some toxigenic microalgae,which pose a serious threat to marine ecosystem and even human health.The occurrence and environmental control factors of LMATs in the surface seawater and phytoplankton in spring in Laizhou Bay in which Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary is included,in Shandong,East China were investigated.Okadaic acid(OA),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2),dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1),pectenotoxin-2 seco acid(PTX2 SA),DTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,PTX11,and 13-desmethyl spirolide C(SPX1)were detected from the surface seawater samples,and PTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,OA,DTX2,DTX1,PTX2 SA,and PTX11 were discovered in the phytoplankton samples showed a decreasing trend.The concentrations of∑LMATs in the seawater and phytoplankton ranged 2.03-74.38 ng/L on average of 13.72 ng/L and 0.98-479.27 pg/L on average of 50.20 pg/L,respectively.The joint influence of terrigenous input and internal circulation could promote the growth,toxin production,and toxin release of toxin-producing algae,leading to a higher content of LMATs in the bay nearby the Huanghe River estuary in both seawater and phytoplankton.The concentration of LMATs in spring was higher than that in summer,showing obvious seasonal variation.In addition,no significant correlation between most of the physiochemical parameters and LMAT contents in seawater was revealed by correlation analysis except for the positive correlation between DTX2 and chlorophyll a,OA and NH4-N.However,the increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen content in seawater could enhance the production of OA,DTX1,and DTX2 in phytoplankton due probably to that the inorganic N input could benefit the growth and stimulate toxin production of toxin-producing algae.The result also proved that some PTX2 may be originated from Procentrum spp.and OA,DTXs and part of PTX2 may be originated from Dinophysis spp.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program for Breeding Seven Key Crops(2016YFD0101700)the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG06)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBHQ16021)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2019C033).
文摘Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2106205,U1706217)+1 种基金the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II(No.GASI-01-ATP-STwin)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFC1407600)。
文摘Lipophilic marine algal toxins(LMATs)are produced by some toxigenic microalgae,which pose a serious threat to marine ecosystem and even human health.The occurrence and environmental control factors of LMATs in the surface seawater and phytoplankton in spring in Laizhou Bay in which Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary is included,in Shandong,East China were investigated.Okadaic acid(OA),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2),dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1),pectenotoxin-2 seco acid(PTX2 SA),DTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,PTX11,and 13-desmethyl spirolide C(SPX1)were detected from the surface seawater samples,and PTX2,7-epi-PTX2 SA,OA,DTX2,DTX1,PTX2 SA,and PTX11 were discovered in the phytoplankton samples showed a decreasing trend.The concentrations of∑LMATs in the seawater and phytoplankton ranged 2.03-74.38 ng/L on average of 13.72 ng/L and 0.98-479.27 pg/L on average of 50.20 pg/L,respectively.The joint influence of terrigenous input and internal circulation could promote the growth,toxin production,and toxin release of toxin-producing algae,leading to a higher content of LMATs in the bay nearby the Huanghe River estuary in both seawater and phytoplankton.The concentration of LMATs in spring was higher than that in summer,showing obvious seasonal variation.In addition,no significant correlation between most of the physiochemical parameters and LMAT contents in seawater was revealed by correlation analysis except for the positive correlation between DTX2 and chlorophyll a,OA and NH4-N.However,the increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen content in seawater could enhance the production of OA,DTX1,and DTX2 in phytoplankton due probably to that the inorganic N input could benefit the growth and stimulate toxin production of toxin-producing algae.The result also proved that some PTX2 may be originated from Procentrum spp.and OA,DTXs and part of PTX2 may be originated from Dinophysis spp.
