Vector winds play a crucial role in weather and climate,as well as the effective utilization of wind energy resources.However,limited research has been conducted on treating the wind field as a vector field in the eva...Vector winds play a crucial role in weather and climate,as well as the effective utilization of wind energy resources.However,limited research has been conducted on treating the wind field as a vector field in the evaluation of numerical weather prediction models.In this study,the authors treat vector winds as a whole by employing a vector field evaluation method,and evaluate the mesoscale model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-MESO)and ECMWF forecast,with reference to ERA5 reanalysis,in terms of multiple aspects of vector winds over eastern China in 2022.The results show that the ECMWF forecast is superior to CMA-MESO in predicting the spatial distribution and intensity of 10-m vector winds.Both models overestimate the wind speed in East China,and CMA-MESO overestimates the wind speed to a greater extent.The forecasting skill of the vector wind field in both models decreases with increasing lead time.The forecasting skill of CMA-MESO fluctuates more and decreases faster than that of the ECMWF forecast.There is a significant negative correlation between the model vector wind forecasting skill and terrain height.This study provides a scientific evaluation of the local application of vector wind forecasts of the CMA-MESO model and ECMWF forecast.展开更多
Integrating the CO_(2)capture process with the CO_(2)electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO_(2)capture.This integrated process offers ...Integrating the CO_(2)capture process with the CO_(2)electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO_(2)capture.This integrated process offers several advantages over multi-step cascade processes,including reduced costs and enhanced CO_(2)utilization.However,the integrated CO_(2)capture and electrochemical reduction(CCER)process encounters several challenges,including the low CO_(2)adsorption performance of the gas diffusion electrode(GDE)and catalyst,as well as the poor activity and selectivity of the catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).This review aims to systematically summarize the fundamentals of the CCER process.Based on an in-depth understanding of the CO_(2)mass transfer,adsorption,and electrochemical reduction processes,GDE design strategies based on the modulation of wettability and structure are discussed to enhance the CO_(2)capture capability at the GDE level.At the catalyst level,catalyst design strategies based on the introduction of CO_(2)capture sites and the construction of CO_(2)mass transfer channels were analyzed,and catalyst design strategies for enhanced CO_(2)capture were proposed.This review summarizes the most common catalysts for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction,such as Ni-based,Bi-based,and Cubased catalysts,and analyzes their design strategies based on reaction pathways for generating specific products.Finally,the problems and challenges of the CCER process are summarized and proposed,which provide ideas for the further application of this technology in the future.展开更多
Objective:Cervical cancer caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)infection remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women.As prophylactic HPV vaccines cannot eliminate existing infecti...Objective:Cervical cancer caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)infection remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women.As prophylactic HPV vaccines cannot eliminate existing infections,developing therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins is critical for reversing precancerous lesions.This study aimed to design a novel multiepitope vaccine against HPV16,incorporating newly identified immunodominant epitopes and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Methods:The multi-epitope vaccine HSP70-12P was bioinformatically designed to include cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)and helper T lymphocyte(HTL)epitopes from HPV16 E6/E7,which were fused to the C-terminal domain(residues 359±610)of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 as an adjuvant.Two formulations were used,as follows:(1)protein-based Pro-HSP70-12P;and(2)DNA-based DNA-HSP70-12P.Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in TC-1 tumor-bearing mouse models.Tumor regression,survival rates,and immune correlates(T cell responses and cytokine profiles)were assessed.Immunodominant epitopes were identified using ELISpot.Results:The Pro-HSP70-12P protein vaccine induced strong immune responses and provided lasting antitumor protection.The vaccine activated cell-mediated immunity and stimulated effector memory T cells in the HPV-16-related tumor mouse model,resulting in strong tumor clearance effects.Pro-HSP70-12P demonstrated superior performance compared to the DNA-HSP70-12P vaccine,achieving complete regression of small tumors(diameter<2 mm)with a single dose and conferring long-lasting protection in TC-1 rechallenge experiments.Three novel immunodominant epitopes were identified(E6-38-45,E6-124-132,and E7-50-57).The E6 epitopes address a critical gap in E6-targeted vaccine design.Conclusions:The multi-epitope protein vaccine,Pro-HSP70-12P,represents a potent therapeutic candidate against HPV-driven malignancies,which has the capacity to induce tumor regression and long-term immunity.These findings support further clinical development.展开更多
We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring...We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.展开更多
In the conventional melt preparation of magnesium rare-earth(Mg-RE)alloys,the repeated heating/cooling process involved in grain refinement and flux refining usually prolongs the preparation period and aggravates melt...In the conventional melt preparation of magnesium rare-earth(Mg-RE)alloys,the repeated heating/cooling process involved in grain refinement and flux refining usually prolongs the preparation period and aggravates melt oxidation.In this work,the purification and grain refinement of Mg-9Gd-3Y(GW93)alloy was simultaneously realized by one-step refining at 740℃ by using a self-developed compound flux.The results show that,only after holding for 10 min,the inclusion content of the alloy is reduced by 81%to 0.29%,while the grain size is reduced by 84%to 119μm.A physical model depicting the interactions between compound flux and alloy melt was proposed based on thermodynamic calculation and microstructure observation.The grain refinement mechanism has been analyzed by considering the presence of Zr particle(Zr_(p))and Zr solute(Zr_(s)).In addition,the generated RECl_(3) was found to be readily absorbed by the flux,decreasing the surface tension and promoting the purification efficacy of the flux,which plays an important role in the promoted elongation of the as-cast Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.5Zr(GW93K)alloy.This work presents a unique prospect in simplifying the melt preparation of Mg-RE alloy with a promoted quality.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have...Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have the problems of zinc dendrite growth and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature.Herein,an erythritol (Eryt) additive with inhibition of zinc dendrites and anti-freezing capability was introduced into the ZnSO4electrolyte.The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that the Eryt adsorbed on the surface of zinc anodes regulates the deposition orientation of Zn^(2+) and inhibits the formation of dendrites.It also reconstructs the solvation structure in the electrolyte to reduce water activity,enabling the electrolyte to have a lower freezing point for operation at low temperature.With the assistance of Eryt,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long cycle life of 2000 h,while the ZIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and zinc anode (Zn||AC) maintains a capacity retention of 98.2% after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1)(even after 10,000 cycles at-20°C,the capacity retention rate reached 94.8%.).This work provides a highly scalable,low-cost and effective strategy for the protection of the anodes of low-temperature aqueous ZICs.展开更多
Coal has a highly complex chemical structure,similar to polymers,coal is a macromolecular structure composed of a large number of“similar compounds”,which is called the basic structural unit.Understanding coal struc...Coal has a highly complex chemical structure,similar to polymers,coal is a macromolecular structure composed of a large number of“similar compounds”,which is called the basic structural unit.Understanding coal structure is the basis of its transformation and utilization.Shendong(SD)coal was analyzed by FTIR,XRD,XPS,and NMR.The results show that SD coal normalized structure formula is C_(100)H_(68.5)O_(35.7)N_(1.2)S_(0.2)and the average number of aromatic rings is 1.98.-CH_(2)-content accounts for about 82%in aliphatic CeH region,and the ratio of ether bond CeO,aromatic ether C-O and C=O is about 2:1:11 in oxygen-containing functional group region.The d_(002),L_(C),L_(a)and N_(C)of S_(D)coal microcrystalline structure parameters are 0.1832 nm,1.4688 nm,2.0852 nm and 9.017,respectively.Aromatic carbon and aliphatic carbon ratios of SD coal are 55.67%and 29.97%,aromatic cluster size and average methylene chain length are 0.224 and 1.817.Based on these structural parameters,molecular model of SD coal was constructed with^(13)C SSNMR experimental spectra as a reference.The model was constructed with an atom composition of C_(214)H_(214)O_(49)N_(2)S.展开更多
The pyrolysis process of Shendong coal(SD)was first studied by combining the characteristics of thermal gravimetric(TG),pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)and Gray-King assay(GK).The results show ...The pyrolysis process of Shendong coal(SD)was first studied by combining the characteristics of thermal gravimetric(TG),pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)and Gray-King assay(GK).The results show that the order of coke yields is G-K(76.35%(mass))>TG(73.11%(mass))>Py(70.03%(mass)).G-K coke yield caused by condensation reaction and secondary reaction accounts for 3.08%(mass)and 3.24%(mass),respectively.Compared with slow pyrolysis,fast pyrolysis has stronger fracture ability to coal molecules and can obtain more O-compounds,mono-ring aromatics and aliphatics.Especially,the content of phenolics increases significantly from 15.49%to 35.17%,but the content of multi-ring aromatics decreases from 23.13%to 2.36%.By comparing the compositions of Py primary tar and G-K final tar,it is found that secondary reactions occurred during G-K pyrolysis process include the cleavage of alkane and esters,condensation of mono-ring aromatics with low carbon alkene,ring opening,isomerization of tri-ring aromatics,hydrogenation of aromatics and acids.展开更多
We present a stable valley photonic crystal(VPC)unit cell with C_(3v)symmetric quasi-ring-shaped dielectric columns and realize its topological phase transition by breaking mirror symmetry.Based on this unit cell stru...We present a stable valley photonic crystal(VPC)unit cell with C_(3v)symmetric quasi-ring-shaped dielectric columns and realize its topological phase transition by breaking mirror symmetry.Based on this unit cell structure,topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs)are realized.We obtain a new type of wave transmission mode based on photonic crystal zipper-like boundaries and apply it to a beam splitter assembled from rectangular photonic crystals(PCs).The constructed beam splitter structure is compact and possesses frequency separation functions.In addition,we construct a box-shaped triangular PC structures with zipper-like boundaries and discover phenomena of TCSs in the corners,comparing its corner states with those formed by other boundaries.Based on this,we explore the regularities of the electric field patterns of TESs and TCSs,explain the connection between the characteristic frequencies and locality of TCSs,which helps better control photons and ensures low power consumption of the system.展开更多
The Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 with the small-pore chabazite framework is considered as a highly efficient catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR).In order to further improve the catalytic pr...The Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 with the small-pore chabazite framework is considered as a highly efficient catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR).In order to further improve the catalytic property,a series of Mn ion-assisted Cu/SSZ-13 powder catalysts were prepared by co-exchange method and stepwise exchange method.It is found that the NH_(3)-SCR activity,N_(2) selectivity,hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance of Cu/SSZ-13 are promoted by introducing a minority of Mn(0.15%to 0.23%(mass))through co-exchange method.Characterization results reveal that the Cu,Mn co-exchange enables the higher amounts of Cu^(2+)active sites,the abundant medium strong and strong acid,the optimized ratio of Lewis acid to Brønsted acid etc.,which are required for a good NH_(3)-SCR catalytic property over broad temperature range and under harsh working environment.Moreover,a monolithic catalyst was prepared by impregnating a cordierite ceramic support into the coating slurry containing the optimized CuMn/SSZ-13 powder.The diesel engine bench tests show that Cu,Mn co-exchange gives the monolith catalyst a better catalytic property than commercial catalysts.This work provides an important guidance for the rational design of secondary-ion-assisted zeolites applied in NH_(3)-SCR.展开更多
We study the structural and dynamical properties of A209 based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations.We obtain detailed temperature,pressure,and entropy maps with the contour binning method,and find a hot region in t...We study the structural and dynamical properties of A209 based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations.We obtain detailed temperature,pressure,and entropy maps with the contour binning method,and find a hot region in the NW direction.The X-ray brightness residual map and corresponding temperature profiles reveal a possible shock front in the NW direction and a cold front feature in the SE direction.Combined with the galaxy luminosity density map we propose a weak merger scenario.A young sub-cluster passing from the SE to NW direction could explain the optical subpeak,the intracluster medium temperature map,the X-ray surface brightness excess,and the X-ray peak offset together.展开更多
BACKGROUND According to current statistics,renal cancer accounts for 3%of all cancers world-wide.Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most common solid lesion in the kidney and accounts for approximately 90%of all renal ma...BACKGROUND According to current statistics,renal cancer accounts for 3%of all cancers world-wide.Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most common solid lesion in the kidney and accounts for approximately 90%of all renal malignancies.Increasing evi-dence has shown an association between immune infiltration in RCC and clinical outcomes.To discover possible targets for the immune system,we investigated the link between tumor-infiltrating immune cells(TIICs)and the prognosis of RCC.AIM To investigate the effects of 22 TIICs on the prognosis of RCC patients and iden-tify potential therapeutic targets for RCC immunotherapy.METHODS The CIBERSORT algorithm partitioned the 22 TIICs from the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort into proportions.Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of 22 TIICs on the probability of developing RCC.A predictive model for immunological risk was developed by analyzing the statistical relationship between the subpopulations of TIICs and survival outcomes.Furthermore,multi-variate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate independent factors for the prognostic prediction of RCC.A value of P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.RESULTS Compared to normal tissues,RCC tissues exhibited a distinct infiltration of im-mune cells.An immune risk score model was established and univariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between four immune cell types and the survival risk connected to RCC.High-risk individuals were correlated to poorer outcomes according to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve(P=1E-05).The immunological risk score model was demonstrated to be a dependable predictor of survival risk(area under the curve=0.747)via the receiver operating characteristic curve.According to multivariate Cox regression analysis,the immune risk score model independently predicted RCC patients'prognosis(hazard ratio=1.550,95%CI:1.342–1.791;P<0.001).Finally,we established a nomogram that accurately and comprehensively forecast the survival of patients with RCC.CONCLUSION TIICs play various roles in RCC prognosis.The immunological risk score is an independent predictor of poor survival in kidney cancer cases.展开更多
基金primarily supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2021YFC3000904]the Jiangsu Provincial Key Technology R&D Program[grant number BE2022851]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42405035]。
文摘Vector winds play a crucial role in weather and climate,as well as the effective utilization of wind energy resources.However,limited research has been conducted on treating the wind field as a vector field in the evaluation of numerical weather prediction models.In this study,the authors treat vector winds as a whole by employing a vector field evaluation method,and evaluate the mesoscale model of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA-MESO)and ECMWF forecast,with reference to ERA5 reanalysis,in terms of multiple aspects of vector winds over eastern China in 2022.The results show that the ECMWF forecast is superior to CMA-MESO in predicting the spatial distribution and intensity of 10-m vector winds.Both models overestimate the wind speed in East China,and CMA-MESO overestimates the wind speed to a greater extent.The forecasting skill of the vector wind field in both models decreases with increasing lead time.The forecasting skill of CMA-MESO fluctuates more and decreases faster than that of the ECMWF forecast.There is a significant negative correlation between the model vector wind forecasting skill and terrain height.This study provides a scientific evaluation of the local application of vector wind forecasts of the CMA-MESO model and ECMWF forecast.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20573,U23A20140)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(B202420809,B2024208088)+2 种基金S&T Program of Hebei(242Q4301Z,22373709D)Project of Basic Research at Universities in Shijiazhuang(241790977A)Huang jin tai plan project of Hebei provincial department of education(HJZD202512)。
文摘Integrating the CO_(2)capture process with the CO_(2)electrochemical reduction process into a single system can eliminate the need for storage and transportation following CO_(2)capture.This integrated process offers several advantages over multi-step cascade processes,including reduced costs and enhanced CO_(2)utilization.However,the integrated CO_(2)capture and electrochemical reduction(CCER)process encounters several challenges,including the low CO_(2)adsorption performance of the gas diffusion electrode(GDE)and catalyst,as well as the poor activity and selectivity of the catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).This review aims to systematically summarize the fundamentals of the CCER process.Based on an in-depth understanding of the CO_(2)mass transfer,adsorption,and electrochemical reduction processes,GDE design strategies based on the modulation of wettability and structure are discussed to enhance the CO_(2)capture capability at the GDE level.At the catalyst level,catalyst design strategies based on the introduction of CO_(2)capture sites and the construction of CO_(2)mass transfer channels were analyzed,and catalyst design strategies for enhanced CO_(2)capture were proposed.This review summarizes the most common catalysts for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction,such as Ni-based,Bi-based,and Cubased catalysts,and analyzes their design strategies based on reaction pathways for generating specific products.Finally,the problems and challenges of the CCER process are summarized and proposed,which provide ideas for the further application of this technology in the future.
基金supported by Chinese Academy Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021-I2M-1-004)The Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.202002AA100009)+3 种基金The Yunnan Province Xingdian Talent Support Program(Grant No.XDYC-CYCX-2023-0074)The Yunnan Provincial Innovation Team of Therapeutic Neutralizing Antibody(Grant No.202405AS350026)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202201AS070059)NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products。
文摘Objective:Cervical cancer caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(hrHPV)infection remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women.As prophylactic HPV vaccines cannot eliminate existing infections,developing therapeutic vaccines targeting HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins is critical for reversing precancerous lesions.This study aimed to design a novel multiepitope vaccine against HPV16,incorporating newly identified immunodominant epitopes and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Methods:The multi-epitope vaccine HSP70-12P was bioinformatically designed to include cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)and helper T lymphocyte(HTL)epitopes from HPV16 E6/E7,which were fused to the C-terminal domain(residues 359±610)of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 as an adjuvant.Two formulations were used,as follows:(1)protein-based Pro-HSP70-12P;and(2)DNA-based DNA-HSP70-12P.Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in TC-1 tumor-bearing mouse models.Tumor regression,survival rates,and immune correlates(T cell responses and cytokine profiles)were assessed.Immunodominant epitopes were identified using ELISpot.Results:The Pro-HSP70-12P protein vaccine induced strong immune responses and provided lasting antitumor protection.The vaccine activated cell-mediated immunity and stimulated effector memory T cells in the HPV-16-related tumor mouse model,resulting in strong tumor clearance effects.Pro-HSP70-12P demonstrated superior performance compared to the DNA-HSP70-12P vaccine,achieving complete regression of small tumors(diameter<2 mm)with a single dose and conferring long-lasting protection in TC-1 rechallenge experiments.Three novel immunodominant epitopes were identified(E6-38-45,E6-124-132,and E7-50-57).The E6 epitopes address a critical gap in E6-targeted vaccine design.Conclusions:The multi-epitope protein vaccine,Pro-HSP70-12P,represents a potent therapeutic candidate against HPV-driven malignancies,which has the capacity to induce tumor regression and long-term immunity.These findings support further clinical development.
文摘We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2037601 and 51821001)the Research Program of Joint Research Center of Advanced Spaceflight Technologies(No.USCAST2020-31).
文摘In the conventional melt preparation of magnesium rare-earth(Mg-RE)alloys,the repeated heating/cooling process involved in grain refinement and flux refining usually prolongs the preparation period and aggravates melt oxidation.In this work,the purification and grain refinement of Mg-9Gd-3Y(GW93)alloy was simultaneously realized by one-step refining at 740℃ by using a self-developed compound flux.The results show that,only after holding for 10 min,the inclusion content of the alloy is reduced by 81%to 0.29%,while the grain size is reduced by 84%to 119μm.A physical model depicting the interactions between compound flux and alloy melt was proposed based on thermodynamic calculation and microstructure observation.The grain refinement mechanism has been analyzed by considering the presence of Zr particle(Zr_(p))and Zr solute(Zr_(s)).In addition,the generated RECl_(3) was found to be readily absorbed by the flux,decreasing the surface tension and promoting the purification efficacy of the flux,which plays an important role in the promoted elongation of the as-cast Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.5Zr(GW93K)alloy.This work presents a unique prospect in simplifying the melt preparation of Mg-RE alloy with a promoted quality.
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109045,21875065)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2021M701191).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have the problems of zinc dendrite growth and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature.Herein,an erythritol (Eryt) additive with inhibition of zinc dendrites and anti-freezing capability was introduced into the ZnSO4electrolyte.The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that the Eryt adsorbed on the surface of zinc anodes regulates the deposition orientation of Zn^(2+) and inhibits the formation of dendrites.It also reconstructs the solvation structure in the electrolyte to reduce water activity,enabling the electrolyte to have a lower freezing point for operation at low temperature.With the assistance of Eryt,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long cycle life of 2000 h,while the ZIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and zinc anode (Zn||AC) maintains a capacity retention of 98.2% after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1)(even after 10,000 cycles at-20°C,the capacity retention rate reached 94.8%.).This work provides a highly scalable,low-cost and effective strategy for the protection of the anodes of low-temperature aqueous ZICs.
基金financed by the Department of education of Gansu Province:Young Doctor Fund Project(2022QB-029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(31920240125-06,31920240059)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Introducing Talents of Northwest Minzu University(xbmuyjrc202215,xbmuyjrc202216)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178289).
文摘Coal has a highly complex chemical structure,similar to polymers,coal is a macromolecular structure composed of a large number of“similar compounds”,which is called the basic structural unit.Understanding coal structure is the basis of its transformation and utilization.Shendong(SD)coal was analyzed by FTIR,XRD,XPS,and NMR.The results show that SD coal normalized structure formula is C_(100)H_(68.5)O_(35.7)N_(1.2)S_(0.2)and the average number of aromatic rings is 1.98.-CH_(2)-content accounts for about 82%in aliphatic CeH region,and the ratio of ether bond CeO,aromatic ether C-O and C=O is about 2:1:11 in oxygen-containing functional group region.The d_(002),L_(C),L_(a)and N_(C)of S_(D)coal microcrystalline structure parameters are 0.1832 nm,1.4688 nm,2.0852 nm and 9.017,respectively.Aromatic carbon and aliphatic carbon ratios of SD coal are 55.67%and 29.97%,aromatic cluster size and average methylene chain length are 0.224 and 1.817.Based on these structural parameters,molecular model of SD coal was constructed with^(13)C SSNMR experimental spectra as a reference.The model was constructed with an atom composition of C_(214)H_(214)O_(49)N_(2)S.
基金financed by the Department of Education of Gansu Province:Young Doctor Fund Project(2022QB-029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(31920240059,3192024125-06)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Introducing Talents of Northwest Minzu University(xbmuyjrc202215)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178289).
文摘The pyrolysis process of Shendong coal(SD)was first studied by combining the characteristics of thermal gravimetric(TG),pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GC/MS)and Gray-King assay(GK).The results show that the order of coke yields is G-K(76.35%(mass))>TG(73.11%(mass))>Py(70.03%(mass)).G-K coke yield caused by condensation reaction and secondary reaction accounts for 3.08%(mass)and 3.24%(mass),respectively.Compared with slow pyrolysis,fast pyrolysis has stronger fracture ability to coal molecules and can obtain more O-compounds,mono-ring aromatics and aliphatics.Especially,the content of phenolics increases significantly from 15.49%to 35.17%,but the content of multi-ring aromatics decreases from 23.13%to 2.36%.By comparing the compositions of Py primary tar and G-K final tar,it is found that secondary reactions occurred during G-K pyrolysis process include the cleavage of alkane and esters,condensation of mono-ring aromatics with low carbon alkene,ring opening,isomerization of tri-ring aromatics,hydrogenation of aromatics and acids.
基金Project supported by the Suzhou Basic Research Project (Grant No.SJC2023003)Suzhou City University National Project Pre-research Project (Grant No.2023SGY014)。
文摘We present a stable valley photonic crystal(VPC)unit cell with C_(3v)symmetric quasi-ring-shaped dielectric columns and realize its topological phase transition by breaking mirror symmetry.Based on this unit cell structure,topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs)are realized.We obtain a new type of wave transmission mode based on photonic crystal zipper-like boundaries and apply it to a beam splitter assembled from rectangular photonic crystals(PCs).The constructed beam splitter structure is compact and possesses frequency separation functions.In addition,we construct a box-shaped triangular PC structures with zipper-like boundaries and discover phenomena of TCSs in the corners,comparing its corner states with those formed by other boundaries.Based on this,we explore the regularities of the electric field patterns of TESs and TCSs,explain the connection between the characteristic frequencies and locality of TCSs,which helps better control photons and ensures low power consumption of the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22278086)
文摘The Cu-exchanged SSZ-13 with the small-pore chabazite framework is considered as a highly efficient catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR).In order to further improve the catalytic property,a series of Mn ion-assisted Cu/SSZ-13 powder catalysts were prepared by co-exchange method and stepwise exchange method.It is found that the NH_(3)-SCR activity,N_(2) selectivity,hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance of Cu/SSZ-13 are promoted by introducing a minority of Mn(0.15%to 0.23%(mass))through co-exchange method.Characterization results reveal that the Cu,Mn co-exchange enables the higher amounts of Cu^(2+)active sites,the abundant medium strong and strong acid,the optimized ratio of Lewis acid to Brønsted acid etc.,which are required for a good NH_(3)-SCR catalytic property over broad temperature range and under harsh working environment.Moreover,a monolithic catalyst was prepared by impregnating a cordierite ceramic support into the coating slurry containing the optimized CuMn/SSZ-13 powder.The diesel engine bench tests show that Cu,Mn co-exchange gives the monolith catalyst a better catalytic property than commercial catalysts.This work provides an important guidance for the rational design of secondary-ion-assisted zeolites applied in NH_(3)-SCR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.U2038104 and 11703014)the Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJHZ1864)。
文摘We study the structural and dynamical properties of A209 based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations.We obtain detailed temperature,pressure,and entropy maps with the contour binning method,and find a hot region in the NW direction.The X-ray brightness residual map and corresponding temperature profiles reveal a possible shock front in the NW direction and a cold front feature in the SE direction.Combined with the galaxy luminosity density map we propose a weak merger scenario.A young sub-cluster passing from the SE to NW direction could explain the optical subpeak,the intracluster medium temperature map,the X-ray surface brightness excess,and the X-ray peak offset together.
基金Supported by The Medical Scientific Research Project of the Jiangsu Health Commission,China,No.M2020055The Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project,China,No.YKK22130The Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China,No.KYCX23_2105.
文摘BACKGROUND According to current statistics,renal cancer accounts for 3%of all cancers world-wide.Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is the most common solid lesion in the kidney and accounts for approximately 90%of all renal malignancies.Increasing evi-dence has shown an association between immune infiltration in RCC and clinical outcomes.To discover possible targets for the immune system,we investigated the link between tumor-infiltrating immune cells(TIICs)and the prognosis of RCC.AIM To investigate the effects of 22 TIICs on the prognosis of RCC patients and iden-tify potential therapeutic targets for RCC immunotherapy.METHODS The CIBERSORT algorithm partitioned the 22 TIICs from the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort into proportions.Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of 22 TIICs on the probability of developing RCC.A predictive model for immunological risk was developed by analyzing the statistical relationship between the subpopulations of TIICs and survival outcomes.Furthermore,multi-variate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate independent factors for the prognostic prediction of RCC.A value of P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.RESULTS Compared to normal tissues,RCC tissues exhibited a distinct infiltration of im-mune cells.An immune risk score model was established and univariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between four immune cell types and the survival risk connected to RCC.High-risk individuals were correlated to poorer outcomes according to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve(P=1E-05).The immunological risk score model was demonstrated to be a dependable predictor of survival risk(area under the curve=0.747)via the receiver operating characteristic curve.According to multivariate Cox regression analysis,the immune risk score model independently predicted RCC patients'prognosis(hazard ratio=1.550,95%CI:1.342–1.791;P<0.001).Finally,we established a nomogram that accurately and comprehensively forecast the survival of patients with RCC.CONCLUSION TIICs play various roles in RCC prognosis.The immunological risk score is an independent predictor of poor survival in kidney cancer cases.
